青春型双歧杆菌超微结构的观察

本文主要对青春型双歧杆菌(Bif.adolescentis)的超微结构进行了观察。发现细胞壁外有一层厚薄不一的糖被,细胞壁有双层结构即外界膜和内界膜。而有明显分叉的菌体则见不到糖被并可见菌体中心出现大量的糖原颗粒、空泡或液泡,这提示分叉的形成系与环境的不利有关。     

兔胃肠道中双歧杆菌的初步研究

双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium)是兔体及其它某些哺乳动物的重要生理细菌,在微生态学上属于原籍菌群(autochthonous flora)。它是一属革兰氏阳性、无芽胞、无荚膜、无鞭毛、多形性厌氧杆菌。该菌对人、     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染对鸡盲肠中益生菌的影响*

双歧杆菌（Ｂｉｆｉｄｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｓｐｐ．）及乳酸杆菌（Ｌａｃｔｏｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｓｐｐ．）被认为是动物机体内重要的有益微生物菌群之一。本文对鸡感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫后盲肠中上述两种微生物的变化情况进行了研究。结果表明：鸡在感染球虫后第４、７、１０ｄ时盲肠中双歧杆菌的数量显著减少（Ｈ＜０．０５）;在球虫感染后的第４、７、１４ｄ时,盲肠中的乳酸杆菌呈显著下降趋势（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞膜脂流动性的影响

目的探讨分叉双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖（WPG）对巨噬细胞膜脂流动性的影响。方法首先分离培养昆明小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,然后以WPG刺激巨噬细胞,再用细胞膜磷脂荧光探针标记细胞,最后采用激光共聚焦显微镜结合激光漂白后荧光恢复技术检测巨噬细胞的膜脂流动性。结果WPG刺激组反映小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞膜脂流动性的平均荧光恢复率明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论分叉双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖可提高巨噬细胞膜脂流动性。     

白色杆菌属一新种的分离鉴定及其系统发育学分析

从热带土壤中分离到一株好氧、革兰氏阳性、不产芽孢的杆状菌株F8,该菌株含有MK11为主要醌组份;细胞壁肽聚糖的氨基酸组分为2,4氨基丁酸和γ氨基丁酸等;细胞壁糖组分为鼠李糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖;DNA的G+C含量为68mol%。16SrRNA基因测序和系统发育学分析的结果表明,菌株F8与驹形白色杆菌(Leucobacter komagatae)亲缘关系最近,其16S rRNA基因的同源率为96%。两者的总DNA杂交率为62%,生理生化特征也有差异,故可把菌株F8定为一个新种,即热带白色杆菌(Leucobacter tropicalissp.nov.)。     

芽孢杆菌属产生的胞外多糖的研究

不同芽孢杆菌能产生不同的胞外多糖,根据多糖中的中性糖组成,可以把产生多糖的芽孢杆菌划分为三大类：第一类为中性糖由甘露糖和葡萄糖组成的菌株,计有B. subtils, B. pu-milus, B alvei B. cereus, B. sphaerieus, B. lichniformis, B. laterosporus, B．Pulvifaciens,B.brevis,B．Mycoides,B．Polymyxa,B．Popilliae,B．Macerans,B. fitmus 和 B. megaterium; 第二类为中性糖由甘露糖,葡萄糖和半乳糖组成的菌株,计有 B.polymyxa,B. larvae, B. thermop-hilus 和 B．Mycoides;第三类为中性糖由四种以上单糖组成的菌株,计有B. megatetium, B.coagulans 和 B．Circulans B．Polymyxa 和 B．Larvae产生的胞外多糖是一种类琼脂型的多糖,它们的水溶液(1％)具有加热熔化,冷却后凝固的特征,这种多糖是酸性多糖,它由甘露糖、葡萄糖,半乳糖和糖醛酸组成。     

β－甘露聚糖酶酶解植物胶及其产物对双歧杆菌的促生长作用

由地衣芽孢杆菌ＮＫ－２７获得的β－甘露聚糖酶在４０℃、酶液终浓度１ｕ／ｍｌ时,经１２ｈ水解魔芋粉、角豆胶、瓜儿豆胶和田菁胶所生成的酶解产物,经薄层层析检测表明为单糖和低聚糖。在ＰＹＧ和ＧＡＭ液体培养基中,添加不同量的四种植物胶酶解产物对青春双歧杆菌（Ｂｉｆｉｄｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍａｄｏｌｅ－ｓｃｅｎｔｉｓ）具有明显的促生长作用,菌体增殖数从１０^７提高到１０^８个／ｍｌ。     

BIOLOG系统鉴定黄瓜根围促生菌的初步研究

对筛选出的８株具有明显促生防病作用的黄瓜根围促生菌ＣＮ１１,ＣＮ３１,ＣＮ４５,ＣＮ１ １６,ＣＮ１２９,ＸＢ１２０,ＸＢ５,ＸＢ４１通过ＢＩＯＬＯＧ法进行了分类鉴定,分别为：铜绿假单胞菌（Ｐｓｅｎｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ａｅｒｕｇｉｎｏｓａ）,波纹假单胞菌（Ｐ． Ｃｏｒｒｕｇａｔａ）,短芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｂｒｅｖｉｓ）,荧光假单胞菌Ｂ型（Ｐ． Ｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｓ ｔｙｐｅ Ｂ）,铜绿假单胞菌（Ｐ． Ａｅｒｕｇｉｎｏｓａ）,荧光假     

双歧杆菌及中药对小鼠血中抗氧化酶,T3,TSH和吞噬细胞功能的影响

本文用双歧杆菌、中药及复方双歧杆菌制剂饲喂ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠,发现中药及复方双歧杆菌制剂对老龄鼠血中ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ—Ｐｘ活性有明显增高作用,而对ＬＰＯ含量有明显减低作用,双歧杆菌及复方双歧杆菌能增强ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠内分泌功能及免疫功能,本试验中尚发现双歧杆菌与中药制成的复方双歧杆菌制剂能明显协同促进ＧＳＨ—Ｐｘ及吞噬细胞功能。说明双歧杆菌与一些传统补益类中药具有协同抗衰老作用。     

枯草杆菌内切葡聚糖酶基因的克隆及表达

以质粒Ｐｕｃ１８为载体,从枯草杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｕｓｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ）ＤＢ１０４基因组中克隆到一个内切葡聚糖酶基因。限制酶切分析表明重组质粒中的插入片段为３.５ｋｂ,其中各含有一个ＥｃｏＲＩ,ＨｉｎｄⅢ和ＰｖｕⅡ位点。该插入片段含有一完整的内切葡聚糖酶基因,其自身启动子能被大肠杆菌转录系统所识别。当加入ｌａｃＺα基因启动子的诱导物ＩＰＴＧ后,内切葡聚糖酶表达量提高２.８倍。加入０.５％葡萄糖能抑制该基因的表达。该基因在大肠杆菌ＤＨ５αＦ′中表达的内切葡聚糖酶分布为：胞外６７.３％,胞间周质３.９％,胞内２８.８％。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交证实了该插入片段来自供体菌Ｂ．ＳｕｂｔｉｌｉｓＤＢ１０４。     

The ultrastructure of Encephalitozoon cuniculi growing in renal tubules of rabbits

A wild type rabbit infected orally with cell culture-grown Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Twelve weeks after infection the rabbit was killed and blocks of kidney tissue were fixed for histology and electron microscopy. E. cuniculi were observed within kidney collecting tubule cells. The ultrastructure and development of E. cuniculi in these cells was similar to that described in cultured cells and peritoneal macrophages.     

Ultrastructure of the capsule of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 19213.

The ultrastructure of the firmly adherent capsule produced by Bacillus megaterium cultured on fructose mineral salts medium was examined using thin sectioning, freeze-etching, and critical point drying by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The capsule material was shown to be fibrillar, with most fibrils containing bulbous protrusions. Two types of fibres were resolved. These were termed primary and cross-linking fibres. Primary fibres originated at the cell wall and had a diameter of 34-50 nm. They also contained bulbous protrusions and enlarged areas where branching occurred. Cross-linking fibres connected the primary fibres. The cross-linking fibres were much smaller, usually 15 micro m in diameter, and contained few enlarged areas. The primary fibres originated at sites on the cell wall approximately equidistant and 0.26 micro m apart.     

Electron microscopy analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell division

The ultrastructure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells undergoing division was examined by electron microscopy. Two features of cell division were observed and are described here. First, cells are capable of undergoing a type of "snapping" postfission movement. This movement is likely due to a multi-layered cell wall in which the inner layer participates in septum formation while the outer layer ruptures first on one side. A second feature related to cell division is the ability of dividing cells to form transient branching structures.     

Scanning electron microscopy of spherules of Physarum polycephalum

The ultrastructure of starvation-induced sclerotic and mannitol-induced spherules was studied by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Each spherule in the berry-like sclerotium is not rounded and has lobe-like forms, whereas the separate spherules are significantly bigger and rounded. Bead-like granules were observed inside and on the spherules. Broken spherules observed in the SEM show ultrastructure of cell wall, cytoplasm, vacuoles and granules, nuclei and nucleoli.     

扁豆成熟胚囊的超微结构

本文对扁豆（Dolichos lablab)成熟胚囊的超微结构进行了研究,在成熟胚囊中,卵细胞和助细胞仅在珠孔端1／3有细胞壁,靠近合点端,卵细胞一助细胞,卵细胞－中央细胞,助细胞－中央细胞之间没有细胞壁存在,相邻细胞的质膜靠在一起,在卵细胞和中央细胞的质膜间,有些地方存在中等电子密度的物质,卵细胞的细胞质中含有很多的线粒体和质体,内质网和高尔基体较少,助细胞的珠孔端有一复杂的丝状器,靠近珠孔端的细胞质中有很多管状的内质网,表明助细胞可能具有分泌功能,在助细胞的合点端,含有丰富的粗糙内质网,助细胞和卵细胞的质膜之间有很多囊泡状的结构,中央细胞内含有丰富的线粒体,高尔基体和内质网,中央细胞的壁向内形成突起,在周缘细胞质中含有丰富的脂滴。     

Comparative effect of osmium tetroxide and ruthenium tetroxide on Penicillium sp. hyphae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungal cell wall ultrastructure

The fungal cell wall viewed through the electron microscope appears transparent when fixed by the conventional osmium tetroxide method. However, ruthenium tetroxide post-fixing has revealed new details in the ultrastructure of Penicillium sp. hyphae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. Most significant was the demonstration of two or three opaque diverse electron dense layers on the cell wall of each species. Two additional features were detected. Penicillium septa presented a three-layered appearance and budding S. cerevisiae yeast cell walls showed inner filiform cell wall protrusions into the cytoplasm. The combined use of osmium tetroxide and ruthenium tetroxide is recommended for post-fixing in electron microscopy studies of fungi.     

Studies on the Changes of Cell Ultrastructure in the Course of Seed Germination of Bletilla striata Under Fungus Infection Conditions

Aided by the techniques of ultrathin section and electron microscopy, the changes of cell ultrastructure of seed germination of Bletilla striata was investigated. It was found that the seeds of B. striata were germinated easily among Orchidaceae, the large thin-wall cells of embryo contained a great amount of starch and lipid materials which were nutrients of seed germination. The differentiation and growth of the nutritive organ of B. striata would be accelerated after fungus infection. Fungus could penetrate seed coat in cell interstice, invaded, embryo through suspensor, and interspersed in several layers of embryonic ceils. Cytoplasm and organelles of embryo would disappear after the cells infected by fungus, and then endocytic plasmalemma produces some sacs enclosing and digesting hyphae. The hyphae with its tip inflation, relying on expansion-pressure of its cytoplasm, could penetrate cell wall of embryo. In addition, after invasion hyphae wall was significantly thickened by the deposition of the embryonic cytoplasm. In the end, the hyphae would be wholly collapsed and its degradated materials were used as nutrient for germination. The cells without penetration' by hyphae show vigrous metabolism activity in protocorms.     

Microorganism in the hyphae of mycorrhiza-forming fungus]

A microorganism with the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane was found when the endotrophic mycorrhiza of pea was studied by electron microscopy. The wall of the microorganism was in a close contact with the cytoplasm of the fungus. No changes were found in the ultrastructure of the fungus and microorganism caused by their interaction.