切花百合离体茎尖玻璃化法超低温保存研究

以切花百合西伯利亚试管苗离体茎尖为试材,通过正交设计试验对预培养培养基中蔗糖浓度、预培养时间和PVS2处理时间等影响超低温保存存活率的主要因素进行了分析,初步建立了切花百合种质玻璃化法超低温保存的技术方案。通过形态观察、可溶性蛋白和同工酶检测,冻存前后材料的遗传稳定性没有发生改变,表明该方法对切花百合的种质保存具有较强的实用意义。     

菊花茎尖的玻璃化超低温保存研究

本文建立了适合中国菊花种质资源长期保存的玻璃化超低温保存技术体系.在4℃下,把1～2mm的菊花茎尖放在含0.4mol/L蔗糖的MS培养基上暗培养2～3d,用预处理液在25℃下处理30min,再用玻璃化试剂PVS2在冰浴条件下处理15min,换新鲜的PVS2试剂并迅速投入液氮.液氮保存24h后,40℃水浴解冻2min,用含蔗糖1.2mol/L的MS液体培养基洗涤20min,滤纸吸干后接种到恢复培养基中,在25℃条件下弱光培养1～3d转入正常光照培养条件下培养,2周后成活率可达86%以上,成活的茎尖均可再生.     

枇杷茎尖二步玻璃化法超低温保存的研究

超低温保存是目前植物种质资源长期稳定保存最理想的方法,而近几年发展的玻璃化超低温保存法具有设备要求简单、材料处理步骤简便及效果和重演性好等特点,倍受人们的青睐。国内外用玻璃化法成功地保存许多果树的种质资源。在对枇杷（Eriobotrya japonica Lindl．）花粉超低温保存取得成功的基础上,作者进行了枇杷茎尖玻璃化超低温保存的研究,以期建立枇杷茎尖超低温保存体系,为长期稳定保存枇杷种质资源提供技术支持。     

红花石蒜茎尖的玻璃化超低温保存

2～3mm的石蒜茎尖放在MS+0.4mol·L-1蔗糖的培养基上预培养5d,在25℃下用预处理液处理20min,接着用冰浴的玻璃化保护剂PVS2在冰浴中处理80min后,换新鲜PVS2并迅速投入液氮。液氮保存24h后,于40℃水浴中快速解冻2min,用MS+1.2mol·L-1蔗糖的液体培养基洗涤20min,滤纸吸干后接种到恢复培养基中,在25℃下暗培养7d后,转入光照强度为36μmol·m-2·s-1和光暗周期12/12h条件下培养。2周后的成活率最高可达90%,植株再生率达53%。     

野葛试管苗茎尖玻璃化法超低温保存及植株再生

对野葛茎尖玻璃化法超低温保存技术的研究结果表明,H号野葛茎尖较佳的保存技术体系是:继代生长30 d的野葛无菌苗置于4℃冰箱炼苗5 d;在无菌条件下切取含1~2个叶原基(1.5~2.5 mm)的茎尖,转至含5% DMSO+5%蔗糖的MS培养基内,置于4℃冰箱预培养1 d;用60%、100% PVS₂(30%甘油+15%乙二醇+15% DMSO+13.7%蔗糖)分别在0℃下过渡和脱水各30 min,随即迅速投入液氮;保存24 h后,在40℃水浴中快速化冻90 s,用含41.1%蔗糖的MS培养液洗涤2次,每次停留10 min;转至再生培养基(MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 1 mg/L)暗培养7 d,然后光下培养,再生率可达60%以上。再生苗与常温苗形态指标差异不显著。     

利用超低温保存方法脱除香蕉束顶病毒的研究

香蕉束顶病毒(BBTV)是香蕉生产中的严重病害之一,主要通过感病材料和香蕉交脉蚜等昆虫进行传播,目前尚无有效防治方法.本研究以感染BBTV的巴西蕉(Musa AAA Cavendish)为材料,研究了感染BBTV的巴西蕉离体再生和超低温保存技术条件,表明离体茎尖在MS+6-BA 4 0 mg/L+NAA 0 4 mg/L的培养基上分化不定芽较好;采用玻璃化法超低温保存技术保存带有BBTV的香蕉茎尖,再生后植株BBTV脱除率达到60 6%,而常规的茎尖培养对BBTV的脱除率仅为26 7%.     

马铃薯茎尖超低温保存流程TTC活力响应

以马铃薯栽培种呼自83-213无菌试管苗茎尖为材料,通过开展2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC,2,3,5-Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride)茎尖活力染色关键因素研究,优化了马铃薯茎尖TTC活力染色条件,确定了适合的染色温度为40℃,染色时间为2 h。利用优化的TTC活力染色条件,对马铃薯茎尖小滴玻璃化超低温保存关键步骤处理茎尖进行TTC活力观察。研究发现:经蔗糖预培养(MS培养液添加0.3 mol/L和0.5 mol/L蔗糖)的茎尖与新鲜茎尖均保持高活力;经PVS2处理后茎尖表现时空特异性活力丧失和存活,分生组织和叶原基中间区域仍保持较高活力。通过对茎尖TTC活力染色面积测定,发现当茎尖TTC活力染色面积比≥0.4时,TTC活力染色与恢复培养存活率呈极显著正相关。     

番木瓜茎尖和侧芽的离体培养

植物名称:番木瓜(Carica papaya)。材料类别:茎尖、侧芽。培养条件:取自大田1.4～1.7m高植株上的外植体经10％漂白粉或0.1％升汞(其中加1～2滴Tweon-20)表面消毒8～10分钟,再用灭菌水洗3～4次,切成2～3mm的楔形片。诱导丛芽分化的MS培养基,大量元素提高0.5倍,附加NAA0.1～     

Cryopreservation of shoot-tips by droplet vitrification applicable to all taro (Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta) accessions

The application of the droplet vitrification cryopreservation technique to taro accessions from a range of Asia Pacific countries is presented. The optimum protocol involves excision of about 0.8 mm shoot-tips from in vitro plants, 20–40 min PVS2 exposure at 0°C followed by rapid plunge into liquid nitrogen. Thawing was done at room temperature (25°C) and shoot-tips inoculated on MS medium with 0.1 M sucrose regenerated into plantlets 4–6 weeks later. This new droplet vitrification protocol improved the mean post-thaw regeneration rates to 73–100% from 21–30% obtained with the previous cryo-vial vitrification protocol.     

香石竹种质离体保存研究进展

香石竹是世界四大切花之一,具有重要的观赏价值。其种质资源主要依靠田间种质圃和离体库进行保存。离体保存包括试管苗保存和超低温保存,这两种方法作为田间种质圃保存的补充可以分别对种质资源进行短中期和长期保存。本文对香石竹离体保存的相关研究进行了概括总结,旨在为香石竹种质资源的保存提供参考。     

Plant regeneration through direct somatic embryogenesis from protoplasts of banana (Musa spp.)

Summary We report the isolation and regeneration of protoplasts from an embryogenic banana (Musa spp.) cell suspension culture initiated from in vitro proliferating meristems. A high yielding isolation method (up to 6×10⁷ protoplasts.ml^–1 packed cells) is discussed. Optimal regeneration, with more than 50% of the protoplasts showing initial cell division, occurred when high inoculation densities (10⁶ protoplasts.ml^–1) or nurse cultures were applied. Under these conditions, the frequency of microcolony formation was 20–40%. These microcolonies developed directly, without an intervening callus phase, into somatic embryos which later germinated and formed plantlets.     

应用改良滴冻法超低温保存两种柿属植物的研究

以君迁子（Diospyros lotus L．）和柿（D．kaki Thunb．）组培苗茎尖为试材,对影响超低温保存效果的主要因素,如低温锻炼方式、预培养条件、PVS：（30％甘油＋15％乙二醇＋15％二甲基亚砜＋0．4mol／L蔗糖）处理时间等进行了研究。建立了2种柿属植物的超低温保存程序：（1）切取1cm左右试管苗梢段继代到1／2MS（KNO3和NH4NO3减半）培养基中,交替低温[昼（25±1）℃、夜（4±1）℃]锻炼6周;在含0．5mol／L蔗糖的1／2MS培养基上预培养5d,20℃下装载液（2．0mol／L甘油＋0．4mol／L蔗糖）过渡10min,0℃下PVS2处理1．5h;（2）投入液氮保存;（3）40℃水浴化冻,洗涤5～6次后接种于含1．0mg／LTDZ、0．6g／L可溶性PVP、30g／L蔗糖和7．0g／L琼脂的培养基（作者在优化柿属植物离体培养体系试验中获得）上暗培养1周,转入25℃,1500lx培养室。按照上述程序培养,‘鄂柿1号’、‘湘西甜柿’和君迁子的成活率分别为79．6％、67．4％和60．9％。     

Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin as an endophyte in tissue culture banana (Musa spp.)

Beauveria bassiana is considered a virulent pathogen against the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus. However, current field application techniques for effective control against this pest remain a limitation and an alternative method for effective field application needs to be investigated. Three screenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the ability of B. bassiana to form an endophytic relationship with tissue culture banana (Musa spp.) plants and to evaluate the plants for possible harmful effects resulting from this relationship. Three Ugandan strains of B. bassiana (G41, S204 and WA) were applied by dipping the roots and rhizome in a conidial suspension, by injecting a conidial suspension into the plant rhizome and by growing the plants in sterile soil mixed with B. bassiana-colonized rice substrate. Four weeks after inoculation, plant growth parameters were determined and plant tissue colonization assessed through re-isolation of B. bassiana. All B. bassiana strains were able to colonize banana plant roots, rhizomes and pseudostem bases. Dipping plants in a conidial suspension achieved the highest colonization with no negative effect on plant growth or survival. Beauveria bassiana strain G41 was the best colonizer (up to 68%, 79% and 41% in roots, rhizome and pseudostem base, respectively) when plants were dipped. This study demonstrated that, depending on strain and inoculation method, B. bassiana can form an endophytic relationship with tissue culture banana plants, causing no harmful effects and might provide an alternative method for biological control of C. sordidus.     

脯氨酸和硝酸银对农杆菌转化香蕉的影响研究

如何提高转化效率是植物遗传转化中的一个关键问题。已经发现有许多物质如乙酰丁香酮（AS）等许多酚类化合物、葡萄糖等能够促进农杆菌介导的遗传转化。试验在农杆菌转化香蕉茎尖薄片的过程中附加化合物脯氨酸、硝酸银,通过对GUS基因表达的分析发现,这2种化合物均能明显地提高香蕉茎尖薄片的转化率,其中浓度为2mg·L^-1的脯氨酸及2mg·L^-1的硝酸银效果最佳。     

Silicon Isotopic Fractionation by Banana (Musa spp.) Grown in a Continuous Nutrient Flow Device

The determination of the plant-induced Si-isotopic fractionation is a promising tool to better quantify their role in the continental Si cycle. Si-isotopic signatures of the different banana plant parts and Si source were measured, providing the isotopic fractionation factor between plant and source. Banana plantlets (Musa acuminata Colla, cv Grande Naine) were grown in hydroponics at variable Si supplies (0.08, 0.42, 0.83 and 1.66 mM Si). Si-isotopic compositions were determined on a multicollector plasma source mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) operating in dry plasma mode. Results are expressed as δ²⁹Si relative to the NBS28 standard, with an average precision of ± 0.08‰ (±2σ_D). The fractionation factor ²⁹ε between bulk banana plantlets and source solution is −0.40 ± 0.11‰. This confirms that plants fractionate Si isotopes by depleting the source solution in ²⁸Si. The intra-plant fractionation Δ²⁹Si between roots and shoots amounts to −0.21 ± 0.08‰. Si-isotopic compositions of the various plant parts indicate that heavy isotopes discrimination occurs at three levels in the plant (at the root epidermis, for xylem loading and for xylem unloading). At each step, preferential crossing of light isotopes leaves a heavier solution, and produces a lighter solution. Si-isotopic fractionation processes are further discussed in relation with Si uptake and transport in plants. These findings have important implications on the study of continental Si cycle.     

Plant regeneration,developmental pattern and genetic fidelity of somatic embryogenesis derived Musa spp.

Multiplication of banana cvs. Grand Naine (Musa AAA, Cavendish-sub group) and Rasthali (Musa AAB, Silk-sub group) were attempted through somatic embryogenesis. The influence of position of male flower buds, amino acid supplements in the induction of somatic embryogenesis and field performance of embryogenic cell suspension (ECS) derived banana plants were studied. Differentiated immature male flower buds positioned at 6–8?th bract whorl as explants showed better callus induction and somatic embryogenesis. Supplementation with glutamine at 400?mg?L^?1 along with 20:20?g?L^?1sucrose: maltose in maturation media induced a 10-fold increase in somatic embryo formation compared to control. Cotyledonary stage somatic embryos desiccated for 2?h showed higher germination compared to non-desiccated embryos. The plantlets generated were hardened, and the genetic fidelity of the plantlets was confirmed using ISSR marker. To check the field performance of ECS derived plants, plantlets were hardened and planted in the field along with meristem and sucker. During the field growth, these ECS derived plants were morphologically similar to those of control plants. In this experiment, it was observed that ECS derived banana plants displayed normal phenotype as that of plants grown from meristem and sucker. The protocol developed could be useful highly for large-scale micropropagation or genetic manipulation studies in these commercially important banana cultivars.