Ultrastructural Changes and Electrolyte Leakage from Ozone Fumigated Epiphytic Lichens

The ultrastructure of lichens and leakage of electrolytes fromthem were studied to assess the effects of ozone on four epiphytes.Bryoriacapillaris(Ach.) Brodo & Hawksw.,Bryoria fuscescens(Gyelnik)Brodo & Hawksw.,Hypogymnia physodes(L.) Nyl. andUsnea hirta(L.)Wigg. were fumigated with control (<10), 40, 150 and 300ppb ozone in controlled growth chambers for 2 and 4 week periods.The ultrastructural results suggest a direct effect of O₃oncarbon assimilation and storage in these lichens. Both the highconcentrations of ozone (150 ppb and 300 ppb) and longer exposuretime significantly increased starch volume and electron opacityof the pyrenoid matrix in chloroplasts ofU. hirtaandB. capillaris.Furthermore, inU. hirta, cytoplasmic lipid droplets and thenumber of pyrenoglobuli in pyrenoids were significantly increasedat higher ozone concentrations.B. fuscescensshowed little responseto ozone at the ultrastructural level. In bothBryoriaspeciesthe potassium leakage, and inB. fuscescensthe conductivity ofleachate, decreased during 4 weeks fumigation with high concentrations(150 and 300 ppb) of ozone. In most lichens, the total concentrationof K⁺was either unchanged or increased at 150 ppb O₃, suggestingthat no leaching due to membrane damage occurred, but K⁺uptakeby the lichens tended to increase at the concentrations of O₃used.Copyright1997 Annals of Botany Company Epiphytic lichens; Bryoria capillaris; Bryoria fuscescens; Hypogymnia physodes; Usnea hirta; electrolyte leakage; conductivity; potassium; ozone; ultrastructure     

Studies in Bacidia sensu lato (lichenized Ascomycetes: Lecanorales). II. Six new combinations inFellhanera Vězda

Abstract:In the framework of ongoing studies on tropical representatives of Bacidia sensu lato, six species so far included in that genus are transferred to Fellhanera: Fellhanera africana (Vězda) Lücking comb. nov. (Bas.: Bacidia africana Vězda), Fellhanera albidocincta (Vain.) Lücking comb. nov. (Bas.: Bilimbia albidocincta Vain.), Fellhanera fragilis (Vězda) Lücking & Kalb comb. nov. (Bas.: Bacidia fragilis Vězda), Fellhanera mastothallina (Vain.) Lücking & Sérus. comb.nov. (Bas.: Bacidia mastothallina Vain.), Fellhanera naevia (Vain.) Lücking & Cáceres comb. nov. (Bas.: Bacidia naevia Vain.), and Fellhanera submicrommata (Vězda) Lücking & Kalb comb. nov. (Bas.: Bacidia submicrommata Vězda). Fellhanera angustispora Lücking is reduced into synonymy with F. naevia.     

ON PSOROMA SPECIES FROM THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE WITH CEPHALODIA PRODUCING VEGETATIVE DISPERSAL UNITS

Abstract: Two new species of Psoroma with unusual cephalodia are described: P. echinaceum with isidiate cephalodia, from southern South America and P. geminatum with fragile phyllidiate cephalodia, from New Zealand and Australia. These are additional to two previously described species producing dispersal units on their cephalodia, P. durietzii P. James & Henssen (with soredia) and P. aphthosum Vain. (syn.nov. P. dimorphum Malme) (with isidia). This is a strategy development that ensures successful establishment of new thalli.     

石耳科(子囊菌亚门)的间断分布和替代现象

本文报道了石耳科的两个亚洲的,也是美洲以外的新记录种,即角石耳与深色石耳。进一步证实了单果石耳在南大西洋的,即南美洲和南部非洲的间断分布。对于上述种类以及本科其它一些种类的间断分布和替代现象进行了分析讨论。     

LICHENICOLOUS SPECIES OFARTHONIAONLOBARIACEAEWITH NOTES ON EXCLUDED TAXA

The species ofArthonias. lat. (Arthoniales,Ascomycotina) lichenicolous on species ofPseudocyphellariaand otherLobariaceaeare revised. Thirteen species are accepted, and eight species are described as new (all from the Southern Hemisphere):Arthonia badiaWedin & Hafellner,A. coriifoliaeWedin & Hafellner,A. flavicantisWedin & Hafellner,A. maculiformisWedin & Hafellner,A. minutaWedin & Hafellner,A. santessonianaWedin & Hafellner,‘A.’ semi-immersaWedin & Hafellner, andA. subaggregataWedin & Hafellner. Comparative notes on additional accepted species previously described fromPseudocyphellariaor otherLobariaceae(A. pelvetii,A. plectocarpoides,A. pseudocyphellariae,A. stictaria, andA. subconveniens) are included, and a key to theArthonia(and similar) species growing onLobariaceaeis presented. The coelomycete genusSubhysteropycnisWedin & Hafellner is described for the speciesS. maculiformansWedin & Hafellner, the macroconidal anamorph ofArthonia badia. The lecanoralean genusCorticiruptorWedin & Hafellner is described as new to accommodate the single lichenicolous speciesC. abeloneae(P. M. Jørg.) Wedin & Hafellner comb. nov., and the additional new combinationPlectocarpon linitae(R. Sant.) Wedin & Hafellner is proposed. The namesCelidium pelvetiiHepp,Sticta auratababortivaSchaer. andArthonia stictariaNyl. are lectotypified, and the typifications are discussed.     

A NEW CRUSTOSESTEREOCAULONFROM THE MOUNTAINS OF SCOTLAND AND WALES

The new combinationStereocaulon plicatile(Leight.) Fryday & Coppins is made for a previously enigmatic crustose lichen with submuriform ascospores; the basionym,Lecidea plicatilisLeight., was previously misapplied to a norstictic-acid containing species ofRhizocarpon. The systematic position of the crustoseStereocaulon leucophaeopsisgroup is discussed.     

Elaphrosaurus,an ornithomimid dinosaur from the upper jurassic of north America and Africa

A humerus from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of western North America is referred toElaphrosaurus which is represented by a skeleton from the Tendaguru Beds of Tanzania, East Africa. The referral ofCoelurus agilis Marsh (Morrison Formation, western U.S.A.) andTeinurosaurus sauvagei (Huene) (Kimmeridgian, France) toElaphrosaurus is incorrect. The recognition ofElaphrosaurus from North America provides additional evidence for a Morrison-Tendaguru land connection sometime during the Late Jurassic.Elaphrosaurus is referred to the family Ornithomimidae because the form of the humerus, slender and straight with a low deltopectoral crest, is diagnostic of this family.Deinocheirus from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia is a giant ornithomimid.     

FOLIICOLOUS LICHENS FROM MADEIRA,WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES AND A WORLD-WIDE KEY OF FOLIICOLOUSFELLHANERA

A preliminary annotated list of the foliicolous lichens and of their lichenicolous fungi occurring in the laurisilva in Madeira is presented.FellhaneropsisSérus. & Coppins gen. nov. is introduced to accommodateBacidia myrtillicolaErichsen andBacidia vezdaeCoppins & James, both being present in Madeira on living leaves. Two new species are described:Byssoloma kalbiiSérus. sp. nov. andFellhanera seroexspectataSérus. sp. nov. The following combinations are introduced:Fellhanera lambinonii(Sérus.) Lücking & Sérus.,Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola(Erichsen) Sérus. & Coppins,F. vezdae(Coppins & James) Sérus. & Coppins,Woessia apiahica(Müll. Arg.) Sérus.,W. canariensis(Lumbsch & Vězda) Sérus. andW. vasakii(Vězda) Sérus. A key to all foliicolous species ofFellhanerais presented.Bacidia buxiVězda & Vivant andBacidia gorgoneaVězda & Poelt are reduced into synonymy withFellhaneropsis myrtillicola,Tapellaria similisKalb withByssoloma marginatum(Arnold) Sérus., andBacidia michaelianaSérus. withBacidia lambinoniiSérus.     

BACIDIA CAESIOVIRENS,A NEW LICHEN SPECIES FROM WESTERN EUROPE

Bacidia caesiovirensS. Ekman & Holien sp. nov. is described from Norway, and the British Isles. It occurs on trunks of deciduous trees in coastal forests. This species is usually sterile and is characterized by its conspicuously blue-green, granular thallus, which contains a bluish, N+ purple pigment. It is closely related toB. biatorina(Körb.) Vain., but differs from this species in a number of features apart from thallus pigmentation: the thallus granules are smaller, the amount of hyphal projections from the surface of the thallus granules is larger, and the internal pigmentation of the apothecia is different.Bacidia auerswaldii(Hepp ex Stizenb.) Mig. has a similarly granular thallus but differs fromB. biatorinaandB. caesiovirensin having wide, fusiform spores and smaller thallus granules.Bacidia absistens(Nyl.) Arnold has an internal apothecium pigmentation similar toB. caesiovirens, but differs in having a smooth thallus, and an abundance of minute crystals in the excipulum.     

THE GENUS SARCOGYNE (ACAROSPORACEAE) IN ANTARCTICA

Sarcogyne angulosaC. W. Dodge & G. E. Baker, described as an endemic from continental Antarctic localities, is reduced to synonymy withS. privigna(Ach.) A. Massal., a species known from Europe, North America, North Africa and Saudi Arabia, and now Antarctica. The relationship to Polysporina simplex (Davies) V|$$|Ahezda is discussed. It is suggested that the nameSarcogyne griseaDodge, also described as an Antarctic endemic, should be abandoned.Sarcogyne medusulaDodge is transferred toLecidea [Lecidea medusula(C. W. Dodge) Hertel comb. nov.], a Maritime- and Subantarctic species.     

Two new species of carex (Cyperaceae) from austral South America and additional taxonomic and phytogeographical notes on the genus

Two new species ofCarex (Cyperaceae) are described from southern South America.Carex transandina occurs in naturally-deposited rock talus and scree in southwestern Chile andC. austroamericana occurs in the Patagonian steppe in Chile and Argentina. In the past, specimens ofC. austroamericana have been erroneously referred toC. andina var.subabscondita Kük., and it is shown here that the latter entity is conspecific withC. nelmesiana Barros. The taxonomy ofC. nelmesiana is presented and its relationship to other members ofCarex sect.Junciformes (Boeckl.) Kük. is discussed.     

Description of a New Genus and Three New Species of Figitinae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Figitidae) from Colombia

A new genus and three new species of Figitinae (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) are described from Colombia: Ferpereira Pujade-Villar n. gen., Ferpereira fiorellae Pujade-Villar n. sp., Neralsia levis Pujade-Villar & Petersen-Silva n. sp., and Figites colombiensis Pujade-Villar & Paretas-Martínez n. sp., which is the first species of Figites Latreille from Colombia and the second from South America. The diagnostic characters of these new taxa are illustrated.     

NEW SPECIES OR INTERESTING RECORDS OF FOLIICOLOUS LICHENS. IV. PORINA PSEUDOAPPLANATA (LICHENIZED ASCOMYCETES:TRICHOTHELIACEAE ), A REMARKABLE NEW SPECIES WITH PHYLLOPHIALE -TYPE ISIDIA

Abstract:Porina pseudoapplanata Lücking & Cáceres sp.nov. is characterized by its foliicolous growth habit, a thin, nitidous thallus without crystals, applanate, yellowish red perithecia narrowly bacillar, 7-septate ascospores, and the presence of previously unrecognized isidi belonging to the Phyllophiale -type, here formally described as P. viridis Lücking & Cáceres sp.nov. The interpretation ofPhyllophiale representing isidia of Porina species is discussed. Porina pseudoapplanata is similar to species in the P. rufula group, i.e. P. monocarpa (Kremp.) F. Schill., P. cupreola (Müll. Arg.) F. Schill., P. planiuscula Vězda and, in particular, P. applanata Vain. However, it seems most closely related to P. mirabilis Lücking & Vězda in the P. epiphylla group, from which it differs by the complete absence of crystals in the thallus and perithecia. This gives a further insight into systematic relationships within theTrichotheliaceae . Keys are presented to distinguish P. pseudoapplanata from similar and related species, as well as to the known species of Phyllophiale .     

A new delthyridoid spiriferid genus from the Dra Valley, Morocco, and its phylogenetic affinities (Brachiopoda, Lower Devonian)

Multiplicatispirifer, a new delthyridoid brachiopod genus with a gently divergent capillate micro-ornamentation and bifurcating costae on flanks, sulcus and fold, has been identified in the Mdâouer-el-Kbîr Formation of the Dra Valley (southern Anti-Atlas, Morocco). Its type speciesMultiplicatispirifer foumzguidensis n. gen., n. sp., at present the only species of this genus, is described. This form has hitherto been determined asFimbrispirifer orStruveina by various authors. In this work, the new genus is compared with the multiplicate and capillate spiriferid genera with bifurcating costae which also have costae in the sulcus and on the fold:Costispirifer andPerryspirifer from North America,Elymospirifer from South China,Borealispirifer from Asia andMultispirifer from Central Europe. The relation ofMultiplicatispirifer to the fimbriateFimbrispirifer, Struveina andVandercammenina, from which it is distinguished by its capillate micro-ornamentation, is discussed. The new genus is hitherto only known from the Moroccan southern Anti-Atlas. Its colsest relatives, taxa ofCostispirifer, occur in the Eastern American Realm (Gaspé, Canada and the eastern United States) and the Nevada Province (western United States).Multiplicatispirifer occurrences are restricted to the Lower/Upper Emsian boundary interval (upper Lower Devonian). The reasons for a possible migration corridor between North America and North Africa before Emsian time are discussed.     

Ordovician phyllocarids (Arthropoda; Crustacea) from Argentina

New phyllocarids are described from the Ordovician (early Arenig to lower Caradoc) of the Precordillera and Eastern Cordillera of Argentina, namelyCaryocaris delicatus n. sp.,Caryocaris sp. 1, ?Caryocaris sp. 2,Pumilocaris granulosus n. gen., n. sp., ?Pumilocaris sp. and an undetermined form. They all occur in graptolite-bearing shales. A critical review of the South American phyllocarids formerly described in the literature is made andCaryocaris delicatus n. sp. (Llanvirn) is compared with congeneric species known from the Ordovician (Tremadoc-Caradoc) of North America, Europe, China and Australia. The presence ofCaryocaris in South America is therefore attested, which confirms the view that the genus had a worldwide distribution in the lower Ordovician in relation with a possible pelagic lifestyle. A new definition ofCaryocaris is proposed and the former subdivision of the genus [C. (Caryocaris) andC. (Rhinopterocarys)] abandoned. A set of original characters (e.g. lack of rostral plate, short leaflike furcal rami, short telson, extremely thin carapace) strongly indicates thatCaryocaris lies outside the Ceratiocarididae and may form the basis of a new taxonomic unit.     

Notes on some African hepatic genera 6–9

The present study deals with African species ofSyzygiella Spruce,Allisoniella Hodgs. andGymnomitriaceae Klinggr. Three species ofSyzygiella Spruce,S. geminifolia (Mitt.) Steph.,S. concreta (Gott.) Spruce and one indeterminable species with orbicular leaves (known only in sterile condition) occur in Africa.Allisoniella nigra (Rodw.) Schust. represents a genus hitherto unreported for the African flora. The present knowledge ofGymnomitriaceae Klinggr. in subsaharan Africa is summarised; five species ofMarsupella Dum., one ofGymnomitrion Corda and five ofHerzogobryum Grolle are reported. Finally, some additions to the generaIsotachis Mitt.,Anastrophyllum (Spruce) Steph. andLophozia (Dum.) Dum. are presented.     

Taxonomic notes on some species of the Cercospora complex (VI)

The new species Cercosporella pergulariae sp. nov., Pseudocercospora catalpicola sp. nov., Sirosporium rhamnigenum sp. nov., and Spiropes desmodiicola sp. nov. are described and Cercospora commelinicola Chupp is validated. Cercostigmina curta (Syd.) comb, nov., Eriocercosporella vitis-heterophyllae (Henn.) comb, nov., Mycovellosiella lactucae (Henn.) comb, nov., M. trichostemmatis (Henn.) comb, nov., M. tylophorae (Hansf.) comb, nov., Passalora caespitosa (Ellis & Everh.) comb, nov., P. chionanthi (Ellis & Everh.) comb, nov., Prathigada condensata (Ellis & Kellerm.) comb, nov., Pseudocercospora carrii (Barthol.) comb, nov., P. glaucescens (G. Winter) comb, nov., P. pamelae-ellisiae (G.P. Agarwal & N.D. Sharma) comb, nov., Pseudophaeoramularia angolensis (T. Cavalho &O. Mendes) comb, nov., Sporidesmium seminale (Ellis & Everh.) comb, nov., and Stenella praelonga (Syd.) comb. nov. are introduced. Cercospora litseae Henn. is reduced to synonym with Mycovellosiella litseae Meenu et al., and a second collection of Cercosporella indica from Vietnam is recorded.     

First record of the sedge feeder Bactra verutana Zeller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Chile based on morphology and DNA barcodes

The sedge-feeding moth Bactra verutana Zeller, 1875 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae: Bactrini), described from Dallas, Texas, USA, is widespread, recorded throughout much North America, Central and South America, including the Caribbean, and Africa. The species is recorded for the first time from Chile based on specimens collected in the coastal valleys of the Atacama Desert, where its larvae feed on Cyperus corymbosus Rottb. var. subnodosus (Nees & Meyen) Kük. (Cyperaceae). A single DNA barcode haplotype, which is widespread in USA, was found in two Chilean specimens sequenced.     

太白山药用地衣的种质资源及其化学成分的研究概况

地衣是低等植物的重要类群,为菌藻共生体,全世界已知有500多属26 000余种,中国有232属1 766种.我国历代本草记载药用地衣约200种,著名的有石蕊、松萝等,秦岭太白山有药用地衣37种,其中常用13种.其主要成分为地衣多糖和地衣酸,具有抗肿瘤、抗辐射及抗菌等生物活性,太白山药用地衣是陕西民间中草药的重要组成部分,具有一定的开发应用潜力.