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1.
Beef heart mitochondrial protein factor FB [Higashiyama , Biochemistry , 4117–4121 (1975)] was purified and its properties were compared with those of coupling factor B. Both proteins stimulated ATP-driven NAD+ reduction in ammonia and EDTA-treated (AE-) submitochondrial particles, but the extent of stimulation (maximum activity of particles) was very low with FB. FB was found to be ineffective in stimulating Pi-ATP exchange in either AE-particles or reconstituted oligomycin-sensitive ATPase vesicles. Furthermore, FB failed to stimulate ATP-driven NAD+ reduction activity of AE-particles in the presence of saturating amounts of dithiothreitol (DTT). DTT alone stimulates the particle activity extensively as reported earlier. Rabbit antiserum to FB did not show a precipitin band with purified Factor B, nor did the antibody inhibit Factor B stimulated activity of the AE-particles. The data suggest that FB and Factor B are two different molecular species with different functions and fail to provide evidence that FB is a coupling factor. 相似文献
2.
Belogrudov GI 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》2008,473(1):76-87
Treatment of the recombinant bovine factor B with trypsin yielded a fragment (amino acid residues 62-175) devoid of coupling activity. Removal of the N-terminal Trp2-Gly3-Trp4 peptide resulted in a significant loss of coupling activity in the FBΔW2−W4 deletion mutant. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation demonstrated co-sedimentation of recombinant factor B with the ADP/ATP carrier, which is present in preparations of H+-translocating F0F1-ATPase, but not in preparations of complex V. The N-terminally truncated factor B mutant FBΔW2−W4 did not co-sediment with the ADP/ATP carrier. Recombinant factor B co-sedimented with partially purified membrane sector F0, extracted from F1-stripped bovine submitochondrial particles with n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside. Factor B inhibited the passive proton conductance catalyzed by F0 reconstituted into asolectin liposomes. A factor B mutant, bearing a photoreactive unnatural amino acid pbenzoyl-l-phenylalanine (pBpa) substituted for Trp2, cross-linked with F0 subunits e and g as well as the ADP/ATP carrier. These results suggest that the N-terminal domain and, in particular, the proximal N-terminal amino acids are important for the coupling activity and protein-protein interactions of bovine factor B. 相似文献
3.
Fabiola Estudiante-Negrete Simón Hernández-Ortega David Morales-Morales 《Inorganica chimica acta》2007,360(5):1651-1660
The organometallic tin(IV) complexes [SnPh2(SRF)2] SRF = −SC6F4-4-H (1), −SC6F5 (2), were synthesized and their reactivity with [MCl2(PPh3)2] M = Ni, Pd and Pt explored. Thus, transmetallation products were obtained affording polymeric [Ni(SRF)(μ-SRF)]n, monomeric cis-[Pt(PPh3)2(SC6F4-4-H)2] (3) and cis-[Pt(PPh3)2(SC6F5)2] (4) and dimeric species [Pd(PPh3)(SC6F4-4-H)(μ-SC6F4-4-H)]2 (5) and [Pd(PPh3)(SC6F5)(μ-SC6F5)]2 (6) for Ni, Pt and Pd, respectively. The crystal structures of complexes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 were determined. 相似文献
4.
Four new platinum(II) complexes: PtII L1·H2O (C1, H2 L1 = C20H16N2O2), PtII L2Cl2 (C2, L2 = C22H16N2O2), PtII L3Cl2·H2O (C3, L3 = C20H16N2), PtII L4Cl2·0.4H2O (C4, L4 = C18H14N4) have been synthesized and characterized by using various physico-chemical techniques. The binding interaction of the four platinum(II) complexes C1–C4 with calf thymus (CT)-DNA has been investigated by UV–Vis and fluorescence emission spectrometry. The apparent binding constant (K app) values follow the order: C3 > C1 > C2 > C4. In addition, fluorescence spectrometry of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with the four platinum(II) complexes C1–C4 showed that the quenching mechanism might be a static quenching procedure. For C1–C4, the number of binding sites was about one for BSA and the binding constants follow the order: C3 (7.08 × 105M?1) > C1 (2.82 × 105M?1) > C2 (0.85 × 105M?1) > C4 (0.15 × 105M?1). With the single condition change such as absence of an external agent, the DNA cleavage abilities of C3 exhibit remarkable changes. In addition, the cytotoxicity of C3 in vitro on tumor cells lines (MCF-7, HepG2 and HT29) were examined by MTT and showed better antitumor effects on the tested cells. 相似文献
5.
I. A. Kozlov A. A. Kondrashin V. A. Kononenko S. T. Metelsky 《Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes》1976,8(1):1-7
A preparation of soluble mitochondrial ATPase (coupling factor F1) containing no and minor subunits has been isolated. The minor-subunits-deficient F1 was found to be competent in ATP hydrolysis. However, it did not demonstrate a coupling effect in EDTA-submitochondrial particles. A portion of the ATPase activity of EDTA particles, stimulated by the minor-subunits-deficient F1, was insensitive to oligomycin. ATPase activity of Na+-particles was changed only slightly by this F1. It is suggested that and subunits are necessary to form specific contacts between the F1 molecule and components of the mitochrondrial membrane.Abbreviations SMP
submitochondrial particles
- F1
coupling factor (soluble mitochondrial ATPase)
- PCB–
phenyl dicarbaundecaborane anions 相似文献
6.
《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry》1992,101(1):239-246
- 1.1. A cytoplasmic casein kinase II (CKII) has been purified more than 10,000-fold from Artemia sp.
- 2.2. The reaction mechanism of the cytoplasmic CKII was determined to be random bi bi, using ATP and casein as substrates, which is in agreement with the results obtained for a DrosophilaCKII [Glover, Shelton and Brutlag (1983) J. biol. Chem.258, 3258–3265]. Km values for ATP and casein are 8 μM and 0.2 mg/ml respectively. The binding of either substrate lowers the enzyme-affinity for the other by a factor α = 1.65.
- 3.3. In vitro, the enzyme is inhibited by poly(A)2-mRNA and 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG). The inhibition by 2,3-DPG is due to competition with the protein substrate.
- 4.4. The possible in vivo effects of these inhibitors in CKII-mediated translational regulation is discussed.
7.
Lourdes Cabrera 《Inorganica chimica acta》2006,359(9):3066-3071
Trityl borate salts [4-RPyCPh3][B(C6F5)4] (R = H 1, tBu 2, Et 3, NMe24) and [R3PCPh3][B(C6F5)4] (R = Me 5, nBu 6, Ph[1] 7, p-MeC6H48) are readily prepared via equimolar reaction of the appropriate pyridine or phosphine and trityl borate [CPh3][B(C6F5)4]. The analogous reactions of PiPr3 affords the product [(p-iPr3P-C6H4)Ph2CH][B(C6F5)4] (9) while the corresponding reactions of Cy3P and tBu3P gave the cyclohexadienyl derivatives [(p-R3PC6H5)CPh2][B(C6F5)4] (R = Cy 10, tBu 11). X-ray structures of 5 and 9 are reported. 相似文献
8.
Ngai-Man Lam Chun-Sing Lai Qian-Feng Zhang Wa-Hung Leung 《Inorganica chimica acta》2009,362(15):5190-5194
Treatment of [Bun4N][Ru(N)Cl4] with Na(OR) afforded [Bun4N][Ru(N)(OR)4] (R = C6F5 (1), C6F4H (2), C6Br5 (3)), whereas that with [Bun4N][Os(N)Cl4] gave [Bun4N][Os(N)(OR)3Cl] (R = C6F5 (4), C6F4H (5), C6Br5 (6)). Treatment of [Bun4N][M(N)Cl4] with Na(SC6F4H) and Na(Sxyl) (xyl = 2,6-dimethylphenyl) afforded [Bun4N][M(N)(SC6F4H)4] (M = Ru (7), Os (8)) and [Bun4N][M(N)(Sxyl)4] (M = Ru (9), Os (10)), respectively. The crystal structures of compounds 1, 6 and 9 have been determined. 相似文献
9.
Makoto Watanabe Qiaozhi Mao Eka Novriyanti Kazuhito Kita Kentaro Takagi Fuyuki Satoh Takayoshi Koike 《Trees - Structure and Function》2013,27(6):1647-1655
Key message
Elevated CO 2 enhances the photosynthesis and growth of hybrid larch F 1 seedlings. However, elevated CO 2 -induced change of tree shape may have risk to the other environmental stresses.Abstract
The hybrid larch F1 (Larix gmelinii var. japonica × L. kaempferi) is one of the most promising species for timber production as well as absorption of atmospheric CO2. To assess the ability of this species in the future high CO2 environment, we investigated the growth and photosynthetic response of hybrid larch F1 seedlings to elevated CO2 concentration. Three-year-old seedlings of hybrid larch F1 were grown on fertile brown forest soil or infertile volcanic ash soil, and exposed to 500 μmol mol?1 CO2 in a free-air CO2 enrichment system located in northern Japan for two growing seasons. Regardless of soil type, the exposure to elevated CO2 did not affect photosynthetic traits in the first and second growing seasons; a higher net photosynthetic rate was maintained under elevated CO2. Growth of the seedlings under elevated CO2 was greater than that under ambient CO2. We found that elevated CO2 induced a change in the shape of seedlings: small roots, slender-shaped stems and long-shoots. These results suggest that elevated CO2 stimulates the growth of hybrid larch F1, although the change in tree shape may increase the risk of other stresses, such as strong winds, heavy snow, and nutrient deficiency. 相似文献10.
Gregorio Sánchez David J Meseguer José Pérez Gregorio López 《Inorganica chimica acta》2004,357(3):677-683
The hydroxo complex [NBu4]2[Ni2(C6F5)4(μ-OH)2] reacts with ammonium O,O′-dialkyldithiophosphates, O-alkyl-p-methoxyphenyldithiophosphonate acids and ammonium O-alkylferrocenyldithiophosphonates in dichloromethane under mild conditions to give, respectively, [NBu4][Ni(C6F5)2{S(S)P(OR)2}] (R=Me (1), Et (2), iPr (3)) and [NBu4][Ni(C6F5)2{S(S)P(OR)Ar}] (Ar=p-MeOC6H4, R=Me (4), Et (5), iPr (6); Ar=ferrocenyl; R=Me (7), Et (8), iPr (9)). The monothiophosphonate nickel complexes [NBu4][Ni(C6F5)2{S(S)P(OR)(ferrocenyl)}] (R=Et (10), iPr (11)) are obtained by reaction of the hydroxo complex with O-alkylferrocenyldithiophosphonate acids. Analytical (C, H, N, S), conductivity, and spectroscopic (IR, 1H, 19F and 31P NMR, and FAB-MS) data were used for structural assignments. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of [NBu4][Ni(C6F5)2{S(S)P(OMe)(p-MeOC6H4)}] (4) and [NBu4][Ni(C6F5)2{S(O)P(OEt)(ferrocenyl)}] (10) shows that in both cases the coordination around the nickel atom es essentially square planar with NiC2S2 and NiC2SO central cores, respectively. 相似文献
11.
The activating factor of ATP·Mg-dependent protein phosphatase (F A) has been identified in brain microtubules. When using purified MAP-2 (microtubule associated protein 2) and tau proteins as substrates,F A could phosphorylate MAP-2 to 16 moles of phosphates per mole of protein with aK m value of 0.4 µM, and tau proteins to 4 moles of phosphates per mole of proteins with aK m value of about 3 µM. When using microtubules as substrates,F A could enhance many-fold the endogenous phosphorylation of many microtubule-associated proteins including MAP-2, tau proteins, and several low-molecular-weight MAPs. In contrast to other reported MAP kinases, such as cAMP-dependent protein kinase and Ca+2/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, theF A-catalyzed phosphorylation of tau proteins could cause an electrophoretic mobility shift on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggesting that a dramatic conformational change of tau proteins was produced byF A. Peptide mapping analysis of the phosphopeptides derived from SV8 protease digestion revealed thatF A could phosphorylate MAP-2 and tau proteins on at least four specific sites distinctly different from those phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent and Ca+2/phospholipid-dependent MAP kinases. Quantitative analysis further indicated that approximately 19% of the total endogenous kinase activity in brain microtubules was due toF A. Taken together, the results provide initial evidence that the ATP·Mg-dependent protein phosphatase activating factor (F A) is a potent and unique MAP kinase, and may represent one of the major factors involved in phosphorylation of brain microtubules. 相似文献
12.
13.
Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase (GS) preparations composed of 12 adenylylated subunits (GS12?) are almost completely precipitated by sheep Anti-AMP immunoglobulin G (IgG), whereas glutamine synthetase preparations containing 6 adenylylated subunits (GS6?) are only partially precipitated by the antibodies (R.J. Hohman, S.G. Rhee, and E.R. Stadtman, 1980, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA77, 7410–7414). By means of 125I-labeled anti-AMP antibodies and double immunoprecipitation techniques, in which rabbit antiserum to sheep IgG or anti-GS antibodies were used to precipitate soluble immune complexes, it was demonstrated that under optimal conditions, both the soluble and insoluble immune complexes obtained with either GS6? or GS12? contain 0.5 mol antibody/mol adenylylated subunit. In agreement with the lattice theory of immuno-precipitation, soluble immune complexes are formed in antibody excess. Scatchard plots of binding data indicate that under conditions of antibody excess, one antibody molecule is bound to each AMP moiety of GS12?, whereas GS6? binds a maximum of only 0.68 antibody molecule/adenylylated subunit. We propose that with some species of GS6?, the distribution of adenylylated subunits favors monogamous interactions of the bivalent antibody with two subunits within the same GS molecule and thereby leads to the formation of small, soluble, immune complexes. Other explanations are considered. Only 30% of the antibody population that recognizes unconjugated 5′-AMP binds to the AMP moiety of adenylylated GS. Anti-AMP antiserum can be fractionated on a GS12?-Sepharose matrix into two subpopulations of antibody with strikingly different immunoprecipitation characteristics. Conversely, species of GS with various states of adenylylation ranging from 0 to 8 were separated from a GS6? preparation by means of affinity chromatography on an anti-AMP antibody-Sepharose matrix. Under optimal conditions, antibodies purified by affinity chromatography precipitated a smaller fraction of a GS6? preparation than did unfractionated antiserum. Competence of the purified antibody was nearly restored to that of the unfractionated serum by the addition of an enhancement factor present in the IgG fraction of nonimmune serum. The enhancement factor was not required for complete precipitation of GS?12 by purified antibodies. Contrary to most antibody-antigen reactions, immunoprecipitation of GS6? with anti-AMP antibodies is greater at 30 °C than at 4 °C. 相似文献
14.
Cate Macinnis-Ng Sarah Wyse Andrew Veale Luitgard Schwendenmann Mike Clearwater 《Trees - Structure and Function》2016,30(1):19-33
Key message
Analysis of sap flux density during drought suggests that the large sapwood and rooting volumes of larger trees provide a buffer against drying soil.Abstract
The southern conifer Agathis australis is amongst the largest and longest-lived trees in the world. We measured sap flux densities (F d) in kauri trees with a DBH range of 20–176 cm to explore differences in responses of trees of different sizes to seasonal conditions and summer drought. F d was consistently higher in larger trees than smaller trees. Peak F d was 20 and 8 g m?2 s?1 for trees of diameters of 176 and 20 cm, respectively, during the wet summer. Multiple regression analysis revealed photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and vapour pressure deficit (D) were the main drivers of F d. During drought, larger trees were more responsive to D whilst smaller trees were more responsive to soil drying. Our largest tree had a sapwood area of 3,600 cm2. Preliminary analysis suggests stem water storage provides a buffer against drying soil in larger trees. Furthermore, F d of smaller trees had higher R 2 values for soil moisture at 30 and 60 cm depth than soil moisture at 10 cm depth (R 2 = 0.68–0.97 and 0.55–0.67, respectively) suggesting that deeper soil moisture is more important for these trees. Larger trees did not show a relationship between F d and soil moisture, suggesting they were accessing soil water deeper than 60 cm. These results suggest that larger trees may be better prepared for increasing frequency and intensity of summer droughts due to deeper roots and/or larger stem water storage capacity.15.
Qing-ping Tian Yan-hong Wang Wen-jing Shi Shu-qin song Hai-fei Tang 《Journal of molecular modeling》2013,19(12):5171-5185
The cooperativity effects between the O/N–H???F– anionic hydrogen-bonding and O/N–H???O hydrogen-bonding interactions and electrostatic potentials in the 1:2 (F–:N-(Hydroxymethyl)acetamide (signed as “ha”)) ternary systems are investigated at the B3LYP/6-311++G** and MP2/6-311++G** levels. A comparison of the cooperativity effect in the “F–???ha???ha” and “FH???ha–???ha” systems is also carried out. The result shows that the increase of the H???O interaction energy in the O–H???O–H, N–H???O–H or N–H???O?=?C link is more notable than that in the O–H???O?=?C contact upon ternary-system formation. The cooperativity effect is found in the complex formed by the O/N–H???F– and O/N–H???O interactions, while the anti-cooperativity effect is present in the system with only the O/N–H???F– H-bond or the “FH???ha–???ha” complex by the N–???H–F contact. Atoms in molecules (AIM) analysis and shift of electron density confirm the existence of cooperativity. The most negative surface electrostatic potential (V S,min ) correlates well with the interaction energy E′ int.(ha???F–) and synergetic energy E syn., respectively. The relationship between the change of V S,min (i.e., ΔV S,min ) and E syn. is also found. Figure
Surface electrostatic potential on the 0.001 au molecular surface 相似文献
16.
The hydrophobic sector of the mitochondrial ATPase complex was purified by sequential extraction with cholate and octylglucoside, by further differential solubilization with guanidine and cholate in the presence of phosphatidylcholine, and by fractionation with ammonium sulfate. A polypeptide with a mass of 28,000 dalton was present in the purified hydrophobic section which was cleaved by trypsin, resulting in loss of reconstitution activity. In contrast, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding proteolipid remained unimpaired after exposure to trypsin. The32Pi-ATP exchange activity of the reconstituted ATPase complex was inhibited byp-hydroxymercuribenzoate, which reacted primarily with the 28,000-dalton protein, as monitored by acrylamide gel electrophoresis with14C-labeled inhibitor. The function of a 22,000-dalton polypeptide and of some minor components in the region of the proteolipid remains unknown. An examination of the phospholipid requirements for reconstitution of an active complex revealed an unexpected discrepancy. With an excess of phosphatidylethanolamine, optimal reconstitution of32Pi-ATP exchange and ATP synthesis in the presence of bacteriorhodopsin and light was achieved; at a high phosphatidylcholine:phosphatidylethanolamine ratio, the rate of ATP synthesis remained high, but the rate of32Pi-ATP exchange dropped precipitously. A new procedure is described for the reconstitution of the ATPase complex with purified phospholipids which is stable for at least 15 days.Abbreviations DCCD
N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- STE-DTT buffer
sucrose (250 mM), Tricine-KOH (50 mM), EDTA (5 mM), DTT (5 mM), pH 8.0
- F
o
a membranous preparation from mitochondria conferring oligomycin (or rutamycin) sensitivity to F1
- F1F6
coupling factors 1 (ATPase) and 6
- OSCP
oligomycin-sensitivity-conferring protein
- BSA
bovine serum albumin
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate
- DTT
dithiothreitol
- STE buffer
sucrose (250 mM), Tricine-KOH (50 mM), EDTA (5 mM)
- TUA particles
submitochondrial particles prepared by stepwise exposure of light-layer submitochondrial particles to trypsin and urea, then sonic oscillation in the presence of dilute ammonia (pH 10.4)
- OG-cholate buffer
glycerol (20%), Tricine (50 mM), MgSO4 (5 mM), DTT (5mM), cholate (0.5%), octylglucoside (0.5%), pH 8.0
-
p-HMB
p-hydroxymercuribenzoate 相似文献
17.
Acetylcholine receptor (AcChR) was solubilized and purified from membranes derived from electric organs of the marine fish Torpedo marmorata, Torpedo nobiliana, Narcine brasliensis, and of the freshwater eel, Electrophorus electricus, using techniques originally developed for Torpedo californica (27., 28.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.49, 572–578; 1973, Biochemistry12, 852–856. The conditions used were identical in each case and the goal was to determine the degree of similarity between receptors from each source since conflicting reports have appeared with regard to polypeptide composition. The Torpedo and Narcine preparations were of high specific activity and exhibited four polypeptide components of apparent molecular weights 64, 59, 50, and 40 × 103 upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Two components were observed upon gel electrophoresis in sodium cholate or upon sucrose density gradient centrifugation, representing monomeric and dimeric forms. Eel acetylcholine receptor exhibited three major subunits of apparent molecular weights 57, 49, and 40 × 103. The amino acid and neutral sugar composition of the purified receptor preparations have been determined. The results support the contention that the receptor is composed of several types of polypeptide. 相似文献
18.
Silas P. Childs Zachary R. King David R. Walker Donna K. Harris Kerry F. Pedley James W. Buck H. Roger Boerma Zenglu Li 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2018,131(1):27-41
Key message
A novel Rpp gene from PI 605823 for resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi was mapped on chromosome 19.Abstract
Soybean rust, caused by the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd, is a disease threat to soybean production in regions of the world with mild winters. Host plant resistance conditioned by resistance to P. pachyrhizi (Rpp) genes has been found in numerous soybean accessions, and at least 10 Rpp genes or alleles have been mapped to six genetic loci. Identifying additional disease-resistance genes will facilitate development of soybean cultivars with durable resistance. PI 605823, a plant introduction from Vietnam, was previously identified as resistant to US populations of P. pachyrhizi in greenhouse and field trials. In this study, bulked segregant analysis using an F2 population derived from ‘Williams 82’ × PI 605823 identified a genomic region associated with resistance to P. pachyrhizi isolate GA12, which had been collected in the US State of Georgia in 2012. To further map the resistance locus, linkage mapping was carried out using single-nucleotide polymorphism markers and phenotypic data from greenhouse assays with an F2:3 population derived from Williams 82 × PI 605823 and an F4:5 population derived from ‘5601T’ × PI 605823. A novel resistance gene, Rpp7, was mapped to a 154-kb interval (Gm19: 39,462,291–39,616,643 Glyma.Wm82.a2) on chromosome 19 that is different from the genomic locations of any previously reported Rpp genes. This new gene could be incorporated into elite breeding lines to help provide more durable resistance to soybean rust.19.
Suthasinee Somyong Goro Ishikawa Jesse D. Munkvold James Tanaka David Benscher Yong-Gu Cho Mark E. Sorrells 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2014,127(8):1843-1855
Key message
Fine mapping by recombinant backcross populations revealed that a preharvest sprouting QTL on 2B contained two QTLs linked in coupling with different effects on the phenotype.Abstract
Wheat preharvest sprouting (PHS) occurs when grain germinates on the plant before harvest, resulting in reduced grain quality. Previous mapping of quantitative trait locus (QTL) revealed a major PHS QTL, QPhs.cnl-2B.1, located on chromosome 2B significant in 16 environments that explained from 5 to 31 % of the phenotypic variation. The objective of this project was to fine map the QPhs.cnl-2B.1 interval. Fine mapping was carried out in recombinant backcross populations (BC1F4 and BC1F5) that were developed by backcrossing selected doubled haploids to a recurrent parent and self-pollinating the BC1F4 and BC1F5 generations. In each generation, three markers in the QPhs.cnl-2B.1 interval were used to screen for recombinants. Fine mapping revealed that the QPhs.cnl-2B.1 interval contained two PHS QTLs linked in coupling. The distal PHS QTL, located between Wmc453c and Barc55, contributed 8 % of the phenotypic variation and also co-located with a major seed dormancy QTL determined by germination index. The proximal PHS QTL, between Wmc474 and CNL415-rCDPK, contributed 16 % of the variation. Several candidate genes including Mg-chelatase H subunit family protein, GTP-binding protein and calmodulin/Ca2+-dependent protein kinase were linked to the PHS QTL. Although many recombinant lines were identified, the lack of polymorphism for markers in the QTL interval prevented the localization of the recombination breakpoints and identification of the gene underlying the phenotype. 相似文献20.
Zhaleh Fakhri Ghader Mirzaghaderi Samira Ahmadian Annaliese S. Mason 《Plant cell reports》2016,35(5):1143-1154