仙台病毒F基因的克隆及原核表达

目的利用原核表达系统表达仙台病毒(Sendai Virus)F蛋白主要抗原片段FP(S),并对表达产物进行免疫学初步研究。方法根据GenBank公布的仙台病毒F蛋白(gi:9627219)的基因序列设计特异性引物,通过RT-PCR扩增出F基因的主要抗原片段FP(S),插入pMD-18-T载体中,鉴定正确后克隆入pQE31原核表达载体中,将鉴定正确的pQE31-FP(S)转化大肠埃希菌M15,IPTG诱导表达,对大肠埃希菌裂解物进行SDS-PAGE和Western-blot验证。结果大肠埃希菌表达的FP(S)相对分子质量约26×103,与预期相符;能与SeV阳性血清发生特异性反应,出现单一条带。结论原核表达的FP(S)蛋白有良好的抗原性,为检测仙台病毒抗体的ELISA检测方法的研究奠定了基础。     

PRRSV核衣壳蛋白(N蛋白)的克隆及其原核表达

目的:采用基冈工程手段表达PRRSV VR 2332菌株的核农壳蛋白(N蛋白).方法:利用RT-PCR方法扩增出猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)VR 2332菌株的核衣壳蛋白(N蛋白)基冈并将其克降到原核表达载pET30a( )上,得到重组质粒rpEI30a-PRRSV/N,并将其转入受体菌E.coli B121(DE3)pLysS感受态细胞中,经IPTG诱导,通过SDS-PAGE电泳检测和Western blotting分析表达产物的特性.结果:SDS-PAGE电泳检测和Western blotting分析结果表明,表达的蛋白大小约为19kDa,符合预期结果,并能与抗PRRSV N蛋白的单克隆抗体发生特异性反应,说明表达的蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,可应用于临床PRRSV抗体的检测.结论:在大肠杆菌表达系统内成功表达了PRRSV核农壳蛋白(N蛋白).     

小鼠仙台病毒标准化血清的制备及鉴定

目的制备标准化抗小鼠仙台病毒（Sendai Virus,SV）免疫血清,为清洁级及SPF级实验小鼠质量检测提供批量、稳定、敏感的质控血清。方法使用动物来源的仙台病毒（sv）感染BALB／c小鼠,获得高效价免疫血清,经IFA、IEA、ELISA等方法检测血清效价。结果制备多量抗SV血清,经多种方法检定,IFA效价达1：640,IEA效价达1：320,ELISA效价达1：102400～1：204800。结论本研究中制备的sV抗血清达到同批次大量高滴度的水平,可作为检测实验小鼠中sv病原的标准化质控血清。     

狐源犬瘟热病毒CDV-FOX-TA株核蛋白基因的原核表达及鉴定

应用RT-PCR技术扩增出犬瘟热病毒(CDV) 核衣壳(N)蛋白基因抗原性好的高保守基因片段,将其TA克隆至pMD18-T载体中,再利用酶切、连接的方法将测序正确的N基因目的片段亚克隆到原核表达载体pET24b中6×His Tag编码基因的上游,并将该重组质粒转化大肠杆菌Rosetta 2 (DE3)株,经IPTG诱导,N基因融合蛋白获得了高效表达。SDS-PAGE 分析和Western blot 分析的结果显示,表达产物的分子质量为15 kD,与CDV标准阳性血清呈阳性反应,间接ELISA结果也表明重组表达产物具有良好的抗原性,能够有效区分CDV标准阳性与阴性血清,表明大肠杆菌表达的CDV N 蛋白在免疫原性上具有与天然N蛋白同样的特性,可作为检测CDV的间接ELISA包被抗原。     

风疹病毒多表位诊断抗原的制备与评价

原核表达与层析纯化获取风疹病毒(Rubella Virus,RV)多表位诊断抗原,并初步评价其抗原性。将RV衣壳蛋白C aa 3~29、aa 96~123以及包膜糖蛋白E1aa208~247三个主要免疫显性表位串联,密码子优化后全基因合成;利用基因重组技术将多表位串联片段插入带有GST标签的表达质粒中,在大肠杆菌中进行表达,并利用亲和层析和离子交换层析纯化目的蛋白;利用Western Blot(WB)技术对目的蛋白抗原性进行鉴定,并建立RV-IgM抗体检测ELISA技术,初步评价此方法对阴阳血清样本的鉴别能力。获取高度均质的RV多表位诊断抗原,WB实验表明目的蛋白不但可以被anti-GST单克隆抗体识别,还可以被anti-RV多克隆抗体、RV-IgM阳性血清相应抗体所识别。分别对48份RV急性感染病例的阳性血清、阴性血清和健康人血清进行检测,发现一致性优异。原核表达与层析纯化可以获取抗原性良好的RV多表位诊断抗原,偶联HRP后可以作为检测抗原应用于RV-IgM ELISA血清学检测中。     

基于猪德尔塔冠状病毒重组核衣壳蛋白的ELISA抗体检测方法的建立与评价

【目的】猪德尔塔冠状病毒(Porcine deltacoronavirus,PDCoV)是近年来新发现的一种猪肠道冠状病毒,2014年首次暴发于美国,随后亚洲多个国家也相继报道,对养猪业构成了巨大威胁。以大肠杆菌表达纯化的PDCoV重组核衣壳(N)蛋白为包被抗原,建立检测PDCoV抗体的间接ELISA方法,为PDCoV的血清抗体检测和流行病学调查提供工具。【方法】以PDCoV CHN-HN-2014株的基因组RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR扩增PDCoV核衣壳蛋白(N)基因的全长cDNA,将其插入原核表达载体pET-30a中,构建原核表达质粒p ET30a-N,转化大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3),经异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(Isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside,IPTG)诱导表达,以纯化的重组N蛋白为包被抗原,建立PDCoV N-ELISA抗体检测方法,评估其特异性、敏感性、稳定性,并用于临床血清的检测。【结果】SDS-PAGE电泳检测证实表达的重组N蛋白主要以可溶性形式存在,Western blotting证实表达的重组蛋白具有反应活性。用纯化的重组蛋白建立的N-ELISA具有良好的特异性、敏感性、稳定性。与中和试验同时检测148份免疫猪血清和102份临床血清,两种方法的阳性符合率为88.99%,阴性符合率为92.90%,总符合率为91.20%。用建立的ELISA方法检测267份临床血清,PDCoV抗体阳性血清的比率为66.67%。【结论】建立的猪德尔塔冠状病毒N-ELISA抗体检测方法与中和试验的符合率高,可用于PDCoV血清抗体检测和流行病学调查。     

SARS病毒核衣壳蛋白、膜蛋白在大肠杆菌中的高效表达和纯化

通过反转录PCR获得了SARS冠状病毒核衣壳蛋白(N)和膜蛋白(M)基因,其序列分析结果与加拿大多伦多株完全一致。将M基因和N基因克隆到大肠杆菌表达载体pET22b和pBV222上,并在大肠杆菌中以包涵体及可溶形式获得高效表达。通过离子交换、金属螯合层析纯化获得电泳纯制品。所获得的核衣壳蛋白具有良好的抗原性,可用于抗SARS抗体检测及亚单位疫苗研究。     

棉铃虫病毒gp41基因的克隆表达及抗体制备

根据棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒(Helicoverpa armigerasingle nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus,HaSNPV)gp41基因的序列,设计引物,引入适当的酶切位点,通过PCR的方法扩增目的片段。将扩增出的基因片段克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a,构建重组质粒并转化至大肠杆菌中,经IPTG诱导表达。纯化蛋白产物并免疫家兔产生抗血清。该抗血清可与原核表达的His-GP41融合蛋白及在感染的昆虫细胞中表达的GP41蛋白发生特异性免疫反应。该抗体的获得为深入研究GP41的功能提供了基础。     

HPV16 L2肽段偶联AP205 VLP的原核表达及免疫原性分析

目的:将编码HPV16衣壳蛋白L2的65～71、112～120免疫优势表位连接到RNA噬菌体衣壳蛋白AP205氮端,组装形成病毒样颗粒,通过在大肠杆菌中实现表达及纯化,对其免疫原性进行研究。方法:合成编码AP205衣壳蛋白基因和HPV16 L2的65～71、112～120位氨基酸表位的基因序列,PCR连接并克隆至pET30a(+)原核表达载体,构建重组表达质粒pET30-AP205-HPV16ΔL2,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DH3)感受态细胞,IPTG诱导表达。表达蛋白经凝胶层析纯化及SDS-PAGE、Western blot等理化性质检测,免疫接种ICR小鼠,通过间接ELISA法检测其免疫原性。结果:成功构建重组表达质粒,重组蛋白在大肠杆菌中以可溶性表达,透射电镜观察可见典型病毒样颗粒,该VLP在动物实验中表现出较好的免疫原性。结论:成功将HPV16 L2表位偶联AP205以形成VLP,在大肠杆菌中实现可溶性表达。     

棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒几丁质酶基因的克隆与表达

根据棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒 (HaSNPV)几丁质酶基因的序列 ,设计引物 ,引入适当的酶切位点 ,利用PCR扩增出不含N末端信号肽以及C末端内质网定位肽的几丁质酶基因片段。将该基因片断克隆至原核表达载体 pProEXHTb ,经IPTG诱导 ,在大肠杆菌DH5α中获得了高效表达 ,表达产物的大小为 6 0kD ,含量占菌体总蛋白量的 4 0 %。利用来源于AcMNPV几丁质酶的抗体对表达蛋白进行检测 ,获得特异性的显色信号 ,证实所获原核表达产物与杆状病毒的几丁质酶具有同源性     

副粘病毒Tianjin株NP蛋白的表达及分析

1999年,本实验室从群体性暴发的急性呼吸道感染素致死的普通棉耳绒猴肺组织中分离到一株副粘病毒,命名为副粘病毒 Tianjin株.经研究发现该动物中心的工作人员都有此病毒抗体,且正常人群(献血员)抗体阳性率高达46%,急性呼吸道感染的患儿抗体阳性率为19.28%,提示此病原体与人类可能有密切的关系.     

仙台病毒黑龙江省地方株的分离与鉴定

目的自本省普通级实验动物中分离并鉴定出仙台病毒地方毒株,为建立仙台病毒血清抗体检测方法奠定基础。方法通过鸡胚尿囊腔传代自普通级小鼠肺脏分离病毒,经血凝实验、血凝阻断实验和结构基因序列测定对分离得到的病毒进行鉴定;大量繁殖病毒并通过蔗糖密度梯度离心纯化,免疫动物制备阳性血清,用标准试剂盒检测阳性血清效价。结果自150份小鼠肺脏分离到2株有血凝性的病毒,经形态学、血清学和结构基因序列测定鉴定为仙台病毒,命名为SV-HLJ。SV-HLJ与标准毒株Fushimi核蛋白基因(N)的核苷酸、氨基酸同源性分别为99·6%和99·0%。结论分离并鉴定出了仙台病毒黑龙江省地方毒株,为检测试剂盒的研制奠定了基础。     

仙台病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立及灰仓鼠中流行情况调查

目的建立仙台病毒（SV）RT-PCR检测方法,并对灰仓鼠仙台病毒感染情况进行调查。方法根据NCBI发表的SV（gi：9627219）基因组序列设计引物,建立RT-PCR方法,对方法的特异性和灵敏性进行验证,并用该方法检测60份灰仓鼠的肺脏样本。结果建立的SV RT-PCR方法显示有较好的敏感性和特异性：以仙台病毒为模板扩增产生197 bp的单一目的条带,经测序比对与NCBI数据库中SV相关序列的一致率为98%,而以猴副流感病毒（SV5）、犬瘟热病毒、小鼠肺炎病毒、呼肠孤病毒III型及腮腺炎病毒为对照无任何条带产生;能检出的SVcDNA最低浓度是96.8 ng/mL;用该方法检测60份灰仓鼠,SV的感染率为3.33%（2/60）。结论建立的SV RT-PCR方法可用于实验类啮齿动物动物SV的常规检测,自然条件下灰仓鼠感染SV的问题不容忽视。     

Paramyxovirus accessory proteins as interferon antagonists

A new role of the Paramyxovirus accessory proteins has been uncovered. The P gene of the subfamily Paramyxovirinae encodes accessory proteins including the V and/or C protein by means of pseudotemplated nucleotide addition (RNA editing) or by overlapping open reading frame. The Respirovirus (Sendai virus and human parainfluenza virus (hPIV)3) and Rubulavirus (simian virus (SV)5, SV41, mumps virus and hPIV2) circumvent the interferon (IFN) response by inhibiting IFN signaling. The responsible genes were mapped to the C gene for SeV and the V gene for rubulaviruses. On the other hand, wild type measles viruses isolated from clinical specimens suppress production of IFN, although responsible viral factors remain to be identified. Both human and bovine respiratory syncytial viruses (RSVs) counteract the antiviral effect of IFN with inhibiting neither IFN signaling nor IFN production. Bovine RSV NS1 and NS2 proteins cooperatively antagonize the antiviral effect of IFN. Studies on the molecular mechanism by which viruses circumvent the host IFN response will not only illustrate co-evolution of virus strategies of immune evasion but also provide basic information useful for engineering novel antiviral drugs as well as recombinant live vaccine.     

Sequence determination of the Sendai virus HN gene and its comparison to the influenza virus glycoproteins

The nucleotide sequence of the Sendai virus (SV) HN (hemagglutinin-neuraminidase) gene was determined. The deduced primary structure of the protein showed only one hydrophobic domain likely to represent the transmembrane region, but at its N terminus. Since the SV F protein is anchored in the membrane at its C terminus, the two SV glycoproteins are thus membrane-anchored in opposite orientations, similar to the two influenza virus (FLU) glycoproteins. Amino acid sequence comparisons of the SV HN and the FLU HA and NA proteins revealed homologies between 100 amino acids of the hemagglutinin region of the FLU HA protein and the C terminus of the SV HN, and between 200 amino acids of the neuraminidase region of the FLU NA and the central region of SV HN. Alignment of the neuraminidase, hemagglutinin, and fusion regions shared by these glycoproteins suggest the structure of a possible ancestral gene.     

Association of Simian Virus 40 T Antigen with Simian Virus 40 Nucleoprotein Complexes

Viral nucleoprotein complexes were extracted from the nuclei of simian virus 40 (SV40)-infected TC7 cells by low-salt treatment in the absence of detergent, followed by sedimentation on neutral sucrose gradients. Two forms of SV40 nucleoprotein complexes, those containing SV40 replicative intermediate DNA and those containing SV40 (I) DNA, were separated from one another and were found to have sedimentation values of 125 and 93S, respectively. [(35)S]methioninelabeled proteins in the nucleoprotein complexes were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition to VP1, VP3, and histones, a protein with a molecular weight of 100,000 (100K) is present in the nucleoprotein complexes containing SV40 (I) DNA. The 100K protein was confirmed as SV40 100K T antigen, both by immunoprecipitation with SV40 anti-T serum and by tryptic peptide mapping. The 100K T antigen is predominantly associated with the SV40 (I) DNA-containing complexes. The 17K T antigen, however, is not associated with the SV40 (I) DNA-containing nucleoprotein complexes. The functional significance of the SV40 100K T antigen in the SV40 (I) DNA-containing nucleoprotein complexes was examined by immunoprecipitation of complexes from tsA58-infected TC7 cells. The 100K T antigen is present in nucleoprotein complexes extracted from cells grown at the permissive temperature but is clearly absent from complexes extracted from cells grown at the permissive temperature and shifted up to the nonpermissive temperature for 1 h before extraction, suggesting that the association of the 100K T antigen with the SV40 nucleoprotein complexes is involved in the initiation of SV40 DNA synthesis.     

Fusion-mediated injection of SV40-DNA : Introduction of SV40-DNA into tissue culture cells by the use of DNA-loaded reconstituted Sendai virus envelopes

Sendai virus envelopes can be solubilized by non-ionic detergents such as Triton X-100. Removal of the detergent from a supernatant containing the solubilized viral envelope glycoproteins results in the formation of reconstituted fusogenic viral envelopes. When SV40-DNA is added to the reconstitution system, it is trapped within the viral envelope. Incubation of SV40-DNA-loaded Sendai virus envelopes with permissive cells (CV1 and TC7 cells) resulted in fusion-mediated injection of the trapped DNA, as was demonstrated by the ability of the injected cells to synthesize SV40-T-antigen. Quantitative estimation revealed that up to 20% of the injected cells were able to synthesize T-antigen. Loaded viral envelopes were able to inject SV40-DNA and to promote synthesis of T-antigen also in cells which are resistant to infection by intact SV40 viruses, such as F1' 1-4 cells. In addition, it is shown that reconstituted envelopes of Sendai virus are able to transfer membrane fragments from SV40 receptor-positive into SV40 receptor-negative cells, such as F1' 1-4 cells. After implantation of SV40 receptors, the F1' 1-4 cells became susceptible to infection by intact SV40 viruses.     

重组p16腺病毒的构建及其对人白血病细胞的抑制作用

为了探讨腺病毒载体用于基因治疗的可行性及野生型 p1 6基因的抗肿瘤特性 ,构建了复制缺陷型重组 p1 6腺病毒 .首先将 p1 6全长 c DNA插入穿梭质粒 p Ad CMV产生重组质粒 p Ad-CMV- p1 6,然后通过脂质体介导与 p JM1 7共转染 2 93细胞 ,经同源重组产生 E1区缺失的重组腺病毒空斑 .用纯化后的腺病毒感染人白血病细胞株 HL- 60后 ,PCR及 Western blot分析显示在感染细胞中有外源性 p1 6 c DNA存在和 p1 6蛋白表达 ;被感染的 HL- 60细胞的生长受到明显抑制 ,而未感染细胞及对照腺病毒感染的细胞没有受到抑制 .结果表明 ,腺病毒作为一种新型基因转移载体 ,可有效地介导肿瘤抑制基因 p1 6的表达 ,在肿瘤基因治疗方面具有很大的应用前景 .     

Gene delivery systems using the Sendai virus

Fusogenic liposome (FL) is a delivery system that can transfer encapsulated materials into living cells directly through membrane fusion. FL is a promising approach for gene therapy because it can deliver various genetic materials much more efficiently than other non-viral vectors without damaging the cell. FL-mediated gene transfer consists of two independent membrane fusion phenomena; generation of a FL by fusing a Sendai virus (SV) particle with a simple liposome encapsulating DNA, and successive fusion of the FL with cell membrane. The former requires viral F protein but no other special molecule on the liposomal membrane, whereas the latter may require the receptor (sialic acid) and unidentified assistant molecule(s) on the cell membrane. Further analysis suggests that these assistant molecule(s), not the receptor, may control the fusion and govern the cell specificity of FL-mediated delivery. This review has described a detailed analysis of these fusion phenomena and discussed possible applications of FL-mediated gene delivery to human gene therapy.