青蒿素生物合成分子调控研究进展

青蒿素是目前世界上最有效的疟疾治疗药物。通过对青蒿素的生物合成途径,青蒿素生物合成途径的关键酶,青蒿素生物合成的分子调控的介绍,综述了青蒿素生物合成分子调控的最新研究进展。     

利用异源生物生产青蒿素及其前体的研究进展

青蒿素是从中药青蒿中分离出来的一种倍半萜内酯类化合物,也是目前最有效的抗疟疾药物,对人类健康意义重大。该文通过对青蒿素生物合成途径及其相关酶的介绍,综述了利用异源生物通过组合生物合成途径生产青蒿素及其前体的最新研究进展。     

温度对青蒿毛状根生长和青蒿素生物合成的影响

本实验研究了不同温度(15℃～35℃)对青蒿毛状根生长和青蒿素生物合成的影响,发现25℃有利于毛状根生长,30℃促进了青蒿素生物合成。通过温度改变的二步培养技术(培养前20d温度控制在25℃,后10d温度提高到30℃),青蒿素的产量得到明显提高,高于在恒温培养时(25℃或30℃)的结果。     

青蒿素生物合成研究进展

本文论述了青蒿素生物合成的研究进展,涉及生物合成和储藏位点、生物合成的中间体和前体、生物合成的途径以及生物途径代谢调节的关键酶等方面。     

青蒿素生产研究进展

青蒿素是我国利用传统中医自主开发的抗疟特效药.对青蒿人工栽培、离体培养生产青蒿素、青蒿素生物合成与调控等的最新研究进展作了综述,并认为青蒿规模化种植是满足青蒿素现实需求的主要途径,同时应努力运用现代生物技术开启另一条高质高产的青蒿素生产途径.     

链霉菌较小基因组研究进展及展望

微生物合成生物学的重要内容包括挖掘和解析生物合成系统的基本元件,设计和构建具有优良特性的底盘细胞,为微生物药物的高效生物合成奠定理论基础,为微生物药物产业化和新药创制提供强大的支撑。综述了链霉菌较小基因组细胞(底盘)的构建方法、评估、应用等相关研究,提出了链霉菌较小基因组细胞系统设计理念、高版本工业链霉菌底盘构建思路及其评估体系,并探讨了高版本工业链霉菌底盘高效生物合成重要植物源化合物(青蒿素、紫杉醇、番茄红素等)的产业应用前景。     

青蒿倍半萜合酶(环化酶)研究进展

青蒿素是从中药青蒿中分离得到的抗疟有效单体,是含有过氧基团的新型倍半萜内酯化合物,是目前世界上最有效的疟疾治疗药物。青蒿素的生物合成途径属于类异戊二烯代谢途径中的倍半萜类分支途径,倍半萜合酶是该途径的关键酶之一,目前已从青蒿中克隆了多个倍半萜合酶基因。综述了青蒿中已克隆的几种倍半萜合酶基因的研究进展。     

在大肠杆菌内引入甲羟戊酸途径高效合成抗疟药青蒿素前体——紫穗槐-4,11-二烯

以青蒿素为基础的联合药物疗法 (ACTs) 被认为是目前治疗恶性疟疾的最有效方法。然而青蒿素供应不足且价格昂贵,限制了ACTs的广泛使用。采用基因工程手段构建异源类异戊二烯生物合成途径,利用大肠杆菌发酵能高效合成抗疟药青蒿素前体——紫穗槐-4,11-二烯。首先在大肠杆菌Escherichia coli DHGT7中引入人工合成的紫穗槐-4,11-二烯合酶基因,利用大肠杆菌内源的法尼基焦磷酸,成功获得了紫穗槐-4,11-二烯。为提高前体供给,引入粪肠球菌的甲羟戊酸途径,紫穗槐-4,11-二烯的产量提高了13     

青蒿倍半萜合酶(环化酶)研究进展

青蒿素是从中药青蒿中分离得到的抗疟有效单体,是含有过氧基团的新型倍半萜内酯化合物,是目前世界上最有效的疟疾治疗药物。青蒿素的生物合成途径属于类异戊二烯代谢途径中的倍半萜类分支途径,倍半萜合酶是该途径的关键酶之一,目前已从青蒿中克隆了多个倍半萜合酶基因。综述了青蒿中已克隆的几种倍半萜合酶基因的研究进展。     

黄花蒿培养细胞中青蒿素合成代谢的体外调节

黄花蒿培养细胞通过两步培养积累青蒿素．第１步在含有０．２～０．４ｍｇ／Ｌ６－苄基氨基嘌呤（６－ＢＡ）和３～４ｍｇ／Ｌ吲哚乙酸（ＩＡＡ）的Ｎ６培养基中进行细胞的增殖培养,第２步将培养好的细胞转入含０．２～０．４ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ和０．２～０．４ｍｇ／ＬＩＡＡ的改良Ｎ６培养基中进行青蒿素的合成．青蒿素的合成量为１９０μｇ／ｇ干细胞左右．当在第２步培养中加入青蒿素合成前体青蒿酸,青蒿素合成量比仅靠激素诱导提高了３倍多．青蒿素的合成途径是植物固醇合成途径的分支途径,当在青蒿素合成过程即第２步培养中加入固醇生物合成抑制剂双氯苯咪唑和氯化氯胆碱处理,可使代谢向合成青蒿素的方向移动,青蒿素合成量明显提高．经２００ｍｇ／Ｌ氯化氯胆碱处理２ｄ,黄花蒿细胞合成青蒿素量为３７２μｇ／ｇ干细胞;经２０ｍｇ／Ｌ双氯苯咪唑处理４ｄ,黄花蒿细胞合成青蒿素量为１５４０μｇ／ｇ干细胞,比靠激素诱导提高了８倍多,与诱导脱分化细胞的黄花蒿叶中所含的青蒿素（３０００μｇ／ｇ干细胞）处于同一个数量级．以上结果表明：在通过植物激素调节可以合成青蒿素的黄花蒿培养细胞中,缺乏青蒿素合成前体是青蒿素合成量低的重要原因．因此,在青蒿素合成的过程中通过体外调节,     

地中海拟无枝菌酸菌U32染色体特性的脉冲场电泳分析

地中海拟无枝菌酸菌(Amycolatopsis mediterranei)U32是产力复霉素SV的工业生产菌株。采用脉冲场电泳分析发现,地中海拟无枝菌酸菌U32仅有一条约10 Mb的线性染色体, 没有内源性质粒。利用Southern杂交法,对11个编码力复霉素生物合成、相关初级、次级代谢关键酶以及调控蛋白的基因,在U32染色体DNA的PshBI酶切片段上进行了定位。分析发现在一条长度约700kb的PshBI酶切片段上,分别存在着力复霉素合成基因簇(rif)、氮代谢的亚硝酸还原酶小亚基基因(nasD)、衔接初级与次级代谢的甲基丙二酰变位酶基因(mcm)、脂肪酸代谢的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶生物素载体蛋白基因(accA)以及一套核糖体RNA转录单元。同时还发现U32至少有5套核糖体RNA转录单元。其余定位的基因均只出现单一杂交信号。     

One-pot bio-synthesis of propyl gallate by a novel whole-cell biocatalyst

Propyl gallate has an excellent antioxidative capacity and some pharmaceutical potentials. In order to examine the feasibility for one-pot bio-synthesis of propyl gallate catalyzed by a whole-cell biocatalyst in organic media, a whole-cell biocatalyst of Aspergillus niger was prepared and utilized to catalyze the transesterification with tannic acid as a raw material. Furthermore, both the catalytic system and the reaction mode were optimized to further improve the conversion rate of substrate. The result shows that a promising conversion rate, 43%, was achieved by the pH-tuned mycelium-bound tannase. The rate is over than or very close to that achieved by isolated tannase. The study on reaction mode indicates that the simulated continuous catalysis is the most suitable to the transesterification as compared to batch catalysis and batch catalysis coupled with product separation. Accordingly, the one-pot bio-synthesis of propyl gallate by the novel whole-cell biocatalyst has such three advantages as easy operability of the biocatalyst, high efficiency of reaction mode, and the abundance of the natural raw material, which will contribute to constructing an efficient and eco-friendly method for one-pot synthesis of propyl gallate in an economical and ecological manner.     

生物膜胞外聚合物的检测技术与功能的研究进展

生物膜胞外聚合物是黏附在生物膜周围,保证生物膜功能及完整性的生物合成聚合物。近几年,生物膜胞外聚合物的物理化学性质、生物功能及其检查技术备受关注。就生物膜胞外聚合物的组成、检测技术及功能几方面展开综述。     

Characterization of Xanthophyll Pigments,Photosynthetic Performance,Photon Energy Dissipation,Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Carbon Isotope Discrimination during Artemisinin-Induced Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana

Artemisinin, a potent antimalarial drug, is phytotoxic to many crops and weeds. The effects of artemisinin on stress markers, including fluorescence parameters, photosystem II photochemistry, photon energy dissipation, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species generation and carbon isotope discrimination in Arabidopsis thaliana were studied. Arabidopsis ecotype Columbia (Col-0) seedlings were grown in perlite and watered with 50% Hoagland nutrient solution. Adult plants of Arabidopsis were treated with artemisinin at 0, 40, 80, 160 μM for one week. Artemisinin, in the range 40–160 μM, decreased the fresh biomass, chl a, b and leaf mineral contents. Photosynthetic efficiency, yield and electron transport rate in Arabidopsis were also reduced following exposure to 80 and 160 μM artemisinin. The Φ_NPQ and NPQ were less than control. Artemisinin treatment caused an increase in root oxidizability and lipid peroxidation (MDA contents) of Arabidopsis. Calcium and nitrogen contents decreased after 80 and 160 μM artemisinin treatment compared to control. δ¹³C values were less negative following treatment with artemisinin as compared to the control. Artemisinin also decreased leaf protein contents in Arabidopsis. Taken together, these data suggest that artemisinin inhibits many physiological and biochemical processes in Arabidopsis.     

遗传改造微生物代谢途径生产新型柴油燃料的研究进展

生物柴油是一种能替代柴油的可再生燃料,然而通过植物油料化学转酯化生产的第一代生物柴油在性能和生产工艺上有很多缺点。近年来随着合成生物学和代谢工程的迅速发展,通过选择合适的微生物并利用各种生物技术改造其代谢合成途径,如脂肪酸合成途径、异戊二烯合成途径,研究人员能利用微生物直接生产性能更加优越、品质更高的新型第二代生物柴油——长链烷烃。文章总结了目前遗传改造微生物代谢途径生产新型柴油的研究进展,并指出目前该领域存在的问题以及今后的发展方向。     

通力合作攻难关——青蒿素立体结构解析回眸有感

<正>2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了爱尔兰科学家威廉·坎贝尔(William C.Campbell)、日本学者大村智(Satoshi Omura)以及中国药学家屠呦呦,以表彰他们在寄生虫疾病治疗研究方面所取得的成就,其中,屠呦呦在青蒿素的发现和治疗疟疾方面做出了杰出的贡献,使她成为历史上第46位获得诺贝尔奖的女性.这是中国科学家在本土进行的科     

Studies of the fine structure of ovarian interstitial tissue

Summary The post-natal evolution of thecal gland in the domestic fowl has been explored, and a hypothesis for this development is proposed. It is suggested that the surface epithelium of the ovary forms crypts and submicroscopic clefts (ingrowing cords) which contribute with epithelial elements required for the regeneration of some of the ovarian elements, including the thecal glands. Complexes of these ingrowing epithelial cells are forming small islets which, after hormonal stimulation, are transformed into well defined structures, the thecal glands, with a specific function, viz. steroid bio-synthesis.     

Synergistic effect of coronatine and sorbitol on artemisinin production in cell suspension culture of Artemisia annua L. cv. Anamed

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - Artemisinin is an efficient anti-malarial drug and it possesses biological activity against a wide range of cancers. The combined application of two...     

Effect of artemisinin on proliferation and apoptosis-related protein expression in vivo and in vitro

Artemisinin is the first-line drugs for the treatment of malaria. In recent years, a large number of reports showed that artemisinin exhibit anti-tumor activity. In this study, we used C6 glioma cells and rat C6 brain-glioma model to study anti-tumor activity of artemisinin in vivo and in vitro. We found that artemisinin inhibited the proliferation in C6 cells and induced cell cycle arrest and a caspase-3-dependent cell apoptosis. It also inhibited the growth of C6 brain-glioma in vivo and enhanced living state of rat brain-glioma model. These results suggested that artemisinin had significant anti-tumor activities on C6 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Artemisinin might be exploited as a promising clinical anti-cancer drug in future.