中国核盘菌科分类研究概况

本文简要回顾我国核盘菌科真菌的研究历史,尤其是最近十年的进展,更正了过去此科分类和命名中的一些问题,列出我国目前已知核盘菌科１２属４２种,并提供属的检索表;其中美洲杯盘菌为我国新记录。同时,指出对此科进一步深入探讨的方向。描述新种贵州杯盘菌,模式保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室。     

我国万寿竹属新植物

<正> 万寿竹属Disporum是百合科中一个中等大小的属,约20种,主要分布于北美洲温带、喜马拉雅地区、爪哇、日本和中国。我国有10种,分布于全国各地。 作者在整理云南万寿竹属植物时,发现万寿竹属在我国一新分布和1新种,现报道。     

我国万寿竹属新植物

万寿竹属Disporum是百合科中一个中等大小的属,约20种,主要分布于北美洲温带、喜马拉雅地区、爪哇、日本和中国。我国有10种,分布于全国各地。 作者在整理云南万寿竹属植物时,发现万寿竹属在我国一新分布和1新种,现报道。     

云南竹亚科一些属种的增订

报道了云南竹亚科新名称１个,新组合１个,新异名１个,发现１个不合格名称,１个属在云南分布的新记录和１个种在我国分布的新记录。同时讨论了单枝竹属和空竹属的地理分布。     

1株土壤放线菌的分类鉴定及其抗菌活性的研究

对从土壤微生物中筛选到的放线菌菌株1356进行分类学和抗菌活性的研究。采用多相分类法,对菌株的形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特性及16 SrRNA基因序列进行了研究。结果表明:该菌株的形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特性为链霉菌属的特征;16S rDNA序列分析及系统进化树分析表明其序列与灰色产色链霉菌的同源性最高;该菌株的发酵产物对番茄叶霉、白色念珠菌、小麦根腐菌等17种真菌均有不同程度的抑制作用。放线菌1356菌株具有广谱抗真菌活性而对细菌无作用;初步确定其为链霉菌属灰色产色链霉菌的一个亚种。     

倭竹族花序演化的探讨

倭竹族隶于禾本科之竹亚科。本族计有10属约150余种。分布于东南亚季风带的印度、越南、中国及日本等国,我国产8属约120种,占该族全部属种的80％。其中唐竹属、短穗竹属、筇竹属、八月竹属等均为我国所特产,唐竹属1种早期引入日本栽培,倭竹属、大节竹属、方竹属、刚竹属等也主要分布于我国,只有少数种分布于其它国家,业平竹属和阴阳竹属为日本特产。 刚竹属计有70种之多,我国产50种以上,是本族中种类最多的属,其中有许多种类分布广、适应能力强,用途多、产量大。是重要的植物资源.尤其是毛竹,是我国亚热带地区的主要栽培竹种。 倭竹族花序演化的研究对于进一步认识和鉴别竹类植物.了解竹类植物的演化关系。使竹类植物的系统安排更加合理都是有益的。倭竹族的花序属于假花序.与真花序相比较属于原始类型。本族中花序轴反复分枝.具有极多小穗的短穗竹属,业平竹属等是比较原始的,大节竹属、唐竹属的花序简化、花序轴不分枝或仅有少数分枝,含小穗数很少是进化类型。     

倭竹属地理分布的研究

倭竹属Shibataea Makino隶于禾本科之竹亚科,现已知有8种,分布于我国东南部的浙江、福建、江苏、安徽、江西等省,广东、台湾两省有少量栽培,日本产1种。苏联、西德、印尼等国所栽培的倭竹均系自我国或日本引入。我国浙-闽地区产8种,且都有野生发现,是本属的现代分布中心。倭竹属植物体型矮小,常植于庭院或公园中供观赏。近年来盆景艺术迅速发展,微型园林日益兴起,倭竹属植物体态优美,常绿,耐寒且易于栽培,为广大园林工作者所垂青。     

我国北方VA菌根真菌某些属和种的生态分布

虽然ＶＡ真菌遍布全球,但其属和种的分布是不均衡的,常有程度不同的地域性。以新疆、北京和吉林三地为代表的我国北方土壤中的ＶＡ真菌大都为球囊霉属Ｇｌｏｍｎｓ。对摩西球囊霉Ｇ．ｍｏｓｓｅａｅ、地表球囊霉Ｇ．ｖｅｒｓｉｆｏｒｍｅ及未发表种Ｇｌｏｍｕｓｓｐ．９等菌种和某些生态因子的统计分析表明：土壤ｐＨ、土壤有机质含量和采集地海拔高度对三菌种的分布影响显著。在ｐＨ５－９．５范围内,球囊霉属所占比例随土壤ｐＨ     

菌根真菌一新种——石斛小菇

从云南省野生铁皮石斛根中分离出一菌根真菌,经系统形态学研究后,将其鉴定为小菇属一新种：石斛小菇。标本保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本室（ＨＭＡＳ）。用石斛小菇伴播１２种兰科植物种子,实验结果表明该真菌对天麻和密花石斛种子萌发有明显促进作用。     

广东,海南两省小波伞属的种类

本文报道广东省和海南省的小皮伞属ＭａｒａｓｍｉｕｓＦｒ．的种类４６种,其中有１个新种和１２个国内新记录种。新种为海南小皮伞ＭａｒａｓｍｉｕｓｈａｉｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓＴ．Ｈ．Ｌｉｓｐｎｏｖ．。文中列有上述种类的分种检索表和新种的中文和拉丁文描述。     

中国香港新记录的十个分类单元

中国香港位于热带北缘,其植被在历史上曾遭到大规模破坏,近几十年来逐渐恢复。香港植物标本采集有很长的历史,迄今为止已记录的维管植物超过2 170种,然而新种和新分布仍在不断增加。在最近的野外工作中,作者发现10种在香港新记录到的维管植物,分别是唇边书带蕨[Haplopteris elongata (Swartz) E. H.Crane]、雷公连[Amydrium sinense (Engl.) H. Li]、百足藤[Pothos repens (Lour.) Druce]、四川轮环藤(Cycleasutchuenensis Gagnep.)、山黑豆(Dumasia truncata SieboldZucc.)、倒心叶珊瑚[Aucuba obcordata (Rehder) Fu ex W. K. Hu et Soong]、竹叶榕(Ficus stenophylla Hemsl.)、长叶冠毛榕[F. gasparriniana var. esquirolii (H. Lév.Vaniot) Corner]、硬叶冬青(Ilex ficifolia C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen et Y. X. Feng)、假福王草[Paraprenanthes sororia(Miq.) C. Shih.]。雷公连属(Amydrium Schott)、山黑豆属(Dumasia DC.)和假福王草属(Paraprenanthes C. C.Chang ex C. Shih)为香港的新记录属。以上的发现不仅丰富了香港的植物区系,而且表明保护残存植被非常重要,且极小种群的保护也值得特别关注。     

华南植物的增补

报道华南地区3种植物：山柚子科的茎花山袖（Champereiamanillanavar．longistamined）是新组合的变种,其花序和嫩叶可供蔬食;大朝科的美洲珠子草（Phyllanthusamarus）是具有药用价值的归化种;台湾核果木（Drypetesformosana）生长于珠江口东侧的海岛,为广东新纪录种。     

中国南方地区枯枝暗色丝孢菌研究初报Ⅰ(英文)

通过对来自中国南方地表枯枝表层暗色丝孢菌室内处理,发现中国大陆一新记录种——管形顶孢(Exserticlava vasiformis)和一中国新记录种——常春藤葚孢(Sporidesmium socium)。根据采集的材料对其进行了详细的形态描述和显微绘图。研究标本保存于山东农业大学植物病理标本室(HSAUP)。     

A revision of post-war collections of Hong Kong Sematophyllaceae

Abstract

Six genera and 11 species of Sematophyllaceae are confirmed for the Hong Kong moss flora based on recent collections. One genus, Brotherella, and three species, Brotherella erythrocaulis, lsocladiella surcularis and Taxithelium instratum, are new to Hong Kong. Taxithelium batanense is a new synonym of T. oblongifolium. Sematophyllum japonicum, S. pulchellum and S. subhumile are treated as a species complex awaiting further revision. The report of Trichosteleum mammosum from Hong Kong needs confirmation.     

喜盐草属在中国香港特别行政区的新记录及分类补注

报道小喜盐草Halophila minor (Zoll.) den Hartog在香港的首次记录, 同时也是除沿海岛屿(海南及南沙群岛)以外中国大陆的首次记录。喜盐草属在中国最早的记录可追溯至1856年(香港九龙湾), 包括喜盐草H. ovalis及贝克喜盐草H. beccarii在内, 目前已知3种喜盐草属植物分布香港。尽管从前小喜盐草及圆叶喜盐草H. ovata曾作同种处理, 现已有最新证据清楚区别这两种喜盐草(本文证实圆叶喜盐草不产香港)。因本属的世界分布及分类最近已被全面修订, 使得准确鉴别各种喜盐草成为可能。香港的海岸面对高速发展, 海草的保育尤需关注。     

中国香港淡水鱼类的生物多样性与保护

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China,has an area of1095km2and is located at the edge of thenorthern tropical zone.The landscape is dominated byhills and ravines withflat landrestrictedtothe lowflood-plains and coastal regions.Inthis hilly domain,the smallrocky streams are typically fast flowing at their uplandsources,and graduallyreduceinspeed asthey wind alonghill cuttings to reach the lowlands.While streams arecommonlyfound,rivers are very limited in number.Thefewlong and meanderi…     

Rodent Diversity in a Highly Degraded Tropical Landscape: Hong Kong, South China

The diverse ecological roles played by different rodent species mean that the loss of some species and superabundance of others could potentially influence a wide range of ecological processes. Hong Kong (22° N, 114° E), with seven million people in a land area of 1100 km², could be considered a `worst case scenario' for the survival of mammalian diversity. Existing information on rodents in Hong Kong was compiled from previous published and unpublished studies, and additional trapping was conducted at 17 non-urban sites. The rodent fauna of modern Hong Kong consists of eight species of rats and mice (Bandicota indica, Mus caroli, M. musculus, Niviventer fulvescens, Rattus norvegicus, R. rattus, R. tanezumi, R. sikkimensis: Muridae), one porcupine (Hystrix brachyura: Hystricidae), and one recently introduced tree squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus: Sciuridae). Six of the murids are urban or agricultural commensals, so only the porcupine and two murids, N. fulvescens and R. sikkimensis, are likely survivors of Hong Kong's pre-deforestation native rodent fauna. The two murids co-dominate in forest and shrubland, but can also move through grassland, which has probably enabled their survival through repeated cycles of fragmentation and regrowth. Additional forest rodents that may have inhabited Hong Kong in the past are tentatively identified from information on their recent distributions in the region. One possible ecological consequence of Hong Kong's depleted rodent fauna is a shift in the balance between seed predation and seed dispersal, in favor of the former.     

香港特区公营医院运行机制评估及对内地的启示

回顾香港医疗融资的发展历程并简述香港公营医院的运营状况与开支构成比,重点分析香港公营医院的管理机构——香港医院管理局,研究其宗旨任务与目标策略相结合的管理医院管理战略,跟踪其主要经费来源的变化趋势,对其财务状况进行深入探究并进行预测。在对香港公营医院运行机制进行评估的基础上,探讨香港公营医院存在的问题以及对内地的启示,为内地医院管理机构借鉴香港逐步建立以政府投入为主体的医疗融资体系提供参考。     

Penzigomyces catalonicus, a new species of hyphomycetes from Spain

Penzigomyces catalonicus sp. nov., collected on dead branches of an unknown tree species in Spain, is described and illustrated. This fungus is characterized by short, dark brown, percurrent conidiophores, usually doliiform conidiogenous cells and ellipsoidal or slightly obclavate, (2-)3-4(-6) euseptate, thin-walled conidia. The new taxon is compared with species from other morphologically similar genera, and a key to the known species of Penzigomyces is provided.     

Hong Kong’s rich marine biodiversity: the unseen wealth of South China’s megalopolis

Hong Kong is famous as a bustling harbour and financial centre, with a dense burgeoning population impacting its coastal environment. Yet, away from the skyscrapers and the pressures of anthropogenic influence, Hong Kong supports a rich marine biodiversity, including corals and mangrove communities. Despite having a small marine area (1651 km²), a total of 5943 marine species have been recorded in Hong Kong waters. Most of these species were reported during the 1980s and 1990s, but new species continue to be discovered, and ~6500 species are estimated. Even though Hong Kong’s marine area is only ~0.03 % of that of China, the number of marine species recorded in Hong Kong already accounts for ~26 % of the total recorded in China. Hong Kong also contributes to a considerable amount (>30 %) of the species records for several taxa including amphipods, cephalopods, polychaetes and fish in the South China Sea, and ~29 % of the hermit crab species in the largest global marine species database, the World Register of Marine Species. These findings demonstrate the rich marine biota found in Hong Kong, which probably reflects Hong Kong’s location within the fringes of the world’s marine biodiversity hotspot.