中国大萤叶甲属的研究（鞘翅目：叶甲科：萤叶甲亚科）

大萤叶甲属Meristata 为Chapuis 1875年所建立,是东洋区分布的属,在我国主要分布在云南和西藏两省,中名以其体大型而得。目前全世界已知11种,中国有9种。本文对本属征进行了重新厘订,并对中国种类做了系统的研究及记述,它们是褐大萤叶甲Meristata dohrni (Baly), 长大萤叶甲Meristata elongata (Jacoby), 黑斑大萤叶甲Meristata fallax (Harold), 黑胸大萤叶甲Meristata fraternalis fraternalis (Baly), 黑胸大萤叶甲云南亚种Meristata fraternalis yunnanensis (Laboissiere), 象牙大萤叶甲Meristata pulunini (Bryant), 四带大萤叶甲Meristata quadrifasciata (Hope), 六斑大萤叶甲Meristata sexmaculata (Kollar et Redtenbacher), 黄腹大萤叶甲Meristata spilota (Hope)。亦对Meristata fraternalis yunnanensis 的分类地位进行了探讨,根据其鞘翅斑点及其雄性生殖器形状将原Meristata yunnanensis 降为Meristata fraternalis 的亚种。     

桑黄米萤叶甲幼虫的生活习性及防治

<正> 桑黄米萤叶甲Mimastra cyanura(Hope)属鞘翅目(Coleoptera),叶甲科(Chrysomelid-ae)。成虫是危害桑树新梢嫩叶的一种主要害虫。据1985～1987年的调查,该虫在四川全省蚕区均有不同程度的发生。过去对桑黄米萤叶甲的研究仅限于成虫的习性及药物防治,对其     

中国高山萤叶甲区系研究

讨论的高山萤叶甲系指分布在海拔２５００ｍ以上的中国种类,总计１３１种,分隶于４９属,分别占萤叶甲亚科我国已知种,属的１／６和１／２,其分布区域以青藏高原,特别是横断山区种,属分布最为密集。部分属,种也涉及到台湾,而且表现出台湾与中国西部横断山区间断分布现象。     

异额萤叶甲属的中国种类及一新种记述——(鞘翅目:叶甲科,萤叶甲亚科)

本文对我国异额萤叶甲属Macrima已知种作了总结,共9种,其中双裂异额萤叶甲Macrimabifida sp.nov.为新种。     

凉山州荞麦一种柱萤叶甲的研究初报

凉山州种植荞麦历史悠久 ,其病虫种类多。1 997年进行荞麦病虫调查中 ,在荞麦基地县——昭觉发现一种危害荞麦的柱萤叶甲Gallerucida sp.,因在该县农场虫口数量较大 ,故进行了研究 ,现将初步结果总结于下。1　形态特征1 .1　成虫全身黑色 ,长椭圆形 ,体长 7～ 8mm,宽 4.5～ 5 mm。额唇基横长方形 ,前唇基狭窄 ,下唇须第 3 ,4节粗大 ,第 3节圆柱状 ,第 4节圆锥体状 ,端部褐色 ,上鄂亮深褐色。头顶凹陷 ,后头隆起 ,有细刻点。额瘤明显。雄虫触角较长 ,达鞘翅中部之后 ,6～ 7mm。第 2 ,3节较短 ,第 3节略长于第 2节。第 4节长于 2 3节之和 ,…     

低温胁迫对沙葱萤叶甲幼虫过冷却能力及生长发育的影响

【目的】低温是影响昆虫生长发育和存活的关键因子之一。通过研究低温胁迫对沙葱萤叶甲Galeruca daurica Joannis幼虫过冷却能力及生长发育的影响,为进一步预测其种群动态及分布范围奠定必要的基础。【方法】在室内,沙葱萤叶甲1龄幼虫经不同的低温处理后,测定其过冷却点及后期幼虫和蛹的发育历期及存活率。【结果】快速冷驯化对1龄幼虫的过冷却点存在极显著的影响,其中在﹣10℃下处理2 h后的过冷却点显著低于对照,而在﹣6℃下处理2 h后与对照无显著性差异。经低温处理存活的1龄幼虫在25℃下继续饲养至蜕皮为2龄幼虫,测得的过冷却点与对照均无显著差异。1龄幼虫经历不同低温处理后,1龄和2龄幼虫发育历期和幼虫总发育历期与对照相比均显著延长;蛹期与对照相比差异不显著;短时低温处理(2 h)对3龄幼虫发育历期无显著影响,而较低温度(﹣5℃)的长时间(2~6 d)处理却显著缩短了3龄幼虫发育历期,但0℃处理对3龄幼虫发育历期影响不显著。低温处理对后期1龄和2龄幼虫死亡率存在显著的影响,但对3龄幼虫和蛹的死亡率影响不显著。通常在低温处理时间相同的情况下,胁迫温度越低,对后期幼虫发育历期和死亡率影响越大;在处理温度相同的情况下,胁迫时间越长,对后期幼虫发育历期和死亡率影响越大。【结论】低温胁迫可以显著地提高沙葱萤叶甲幼虫的过冷却能力,但却延长了后期幼虫的发育历期及降低了其存活率,胁迫温度越低、时间越长,影响程度越大。     

双斑长跗萤叶甲的嗜食性

双斑长跗萤叶甲Monolepta hieroglyphica(Motschulsky)是一种多食性害虫。目前该虫害已成为新疆北部大部分棉区一种新的主要害虫。通过非选择性实验研究双斑长跗萤叶甲在新疆北疆的取食范围,结果表明:在25科54属58种植物中,该虫喜食植物有25种,较喜食植物有21种,完全不取食的有12种。     

萤叶甲亚科研究I.阿波萤叶甲属的补充描记及二新种记述（鞘翅目：叶甲科）

本文对阿波萤叶甲属的属征作了补充描述，并了采自我国武陵山区的二新种，头阿波萤叶甲及天平山阿波萤叶甲。     

萤叶甲亚科研究Ⅰ．阿波萤叶甲属的补充描记及二新种记述（鞘翅目：叶甲科）

本文对阿波萤叶甲属Ａｐｌｏｓｏｎｙｘ的属征作了补充描记,并记述了采自我国武陵山区的二新种,黑头阿波萤叶甲Ａ．ｎｉｇｒｉｃｅｐｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及天平山阿波萤叶甲Ａ．ｔｉａｎｐｉｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

泽漆化学成分及其体外抗肿瘤活性研究

利用正相硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20、制备薄层层析、反相制备色谱等离手段和1H、13C NMR等波谱技术,从泽漆(Euphorbia helioscopia L.)中分离鉴定了10个化合物,分别为β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,1),大戟甘(euphornin,2),大戟甘D(euphomin D,3),A(euphohelioscopin A,4),槲皮素(quercetin,5),没食子酸(gallic acid,6),咖啡酸(caffeie acid,7),没食子酸乙酯(ethyl gallate,8),杨梅素(myrecetin,9),金丝桃苷(hypero-side,10),其中化合物7、8、9是首次从该植物中分得,通过体外抗肿瘤活性研究,化合物6和10作为泽漆的抗肿瘤活性成分属首次报道.     

泽漆的化学成分研究

采用多种分离材料包括硅胶、Sephadex LH-20和反相RP-18从泽漆的95%乙醇提取物的正丁醇部位分离得到12个化合物,经过波谱学方法分别鉴定为Helioscopin D(1),Isofraxidin(2),Swertiamarin(3),13-Car-boxyblumenol C(4),4,4′-dimethoxy-3′-hydroxy-7,9′,7′9-diepoxyligan-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5),(+)-Syringa-resinol-4′-O-β-D-glucoside(6),2S,3R-2,3-Dihydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-7-methoxy-benzofuran-5-(trans)propen-1-ol-3-O-β-glucoside(7),Quinquenin L1(8),(6R,9S)-megastigman-3-one-4,7-ene-9-ol-9-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(9),2R,3R-2,3-Dihydro-2-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)-3-(glucosyloxymethyl)-7-methoxy-benzofuran-5-propanol(dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl-alcohol-β-D-glucoside)(10),Thy-midine(11),和Deoxyuridine(12)。其中化合物1为一个降倍半萜类新化合物,其余化合物从该种中首次分离。     

泽漆营养器官发育解剖学研究

采用石蜡切片法、半薄切片法对泽漆营养器官的发育过程进行了观察,同时对3种器官中乳汁管的分布和大小进行了分析。结果表明:泽漆根的发育类似于草本双子叶植物根的一般发育规律。初生木质部为三原型。茎的初生结构由表皮、皮层、维管束环和髓构成,其髓中有空腔,而茎的次生生长过程中维管形成层的活动短暂,仅产生少量次生维管组织,不形成周皮。叶的发育包括原分生组织、初生分生组织和成熟结构3个阶段,属于异面叶结构。泽漆乳汁管主要分布在维管束韧皮部的外侧。在3种器官中,乳汁管直径差异较大,依次为根>茎>叶。     

Lysosome and proteasome pathways are distributed in laticifers of Euphorbia helioscopia L.

At present, the lysosome pathway (LP) and proteasome pathway (PP) are known as major clearance systems in eukaryotic cells. The laticifer, a secretory tissue, degrades some cytoplasm during development. In this study, we investigated the distribution of LP and PP in non‐articulated laticifers of Euphorbia helioscopia L. Electron microscopy revealed that, plastids, mitochondria and some cyotsol were degraded in the late development laticifers, where there were numerous vesicles originated from dicytosomes. Accordingly, some key proteins in LP and PP were detected in E. helioscopia latex using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomics. Further immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that the clathrin heavy chain (CHC) belonging to LP and the ubiquitin‐mediated proteasome degradation increases gradually as the laticifer develops. Immuno‐electron microscopy revealed that the cysteine protease, CHC and AP‐2 complex subunit beta‐1 belonging to LP were mainly distributed in vesicles deriving from dicytosomes, which we called lysosome‐like vesicles. Ubiquitin was widely distributed in the cytosol, and proteasome activity was significantly reduced when various concentrations of the inhibitor MG132 were added to the latex total protein. We hypothesize that LP and PP are distributed in E. helioscopia laticifers; and it was speculated that LP and PP might be involved in the degradation of organelles and some cytoplasmic matrix in E. helioscopia laticifers.     

八种国产大戟属植物的核型报道

8种大戟属Euphorbia L．植物的核型分析结果表明,大戟属不同亚属的染色体基数与其形态变 异的复杂性有一定关系。地锦草亚属subgen．Chamaesyce 3个种染色体基数分别为x=8,9,11;一品红 亚属subgen．Poinsettia两个种染色体基数均为x=7,分别为四倍体和八倍体;乳浆大戟亚属subgen． Esula 3个种,染色体基数分别为x=7,10,10。根据以前学者发表的资料分析,一品红亚属和大戟亚属 Subgen. Euphorbia的染色体基数是很稳定的,分别为x=7和x=10;通奶草E．hypericifolia为x=8 的四倍体,它不仅有染色体整倍性的变异,还有异基数性的变化。结合以前学者的研究,笔者支持x= 10为大戟属的最原始基数的观点。齿裂大戟E．dentata和通奶草具不同的染色体倍性,猫眼草E． esula的细胞染色体数目观察证实了我国存在四倍体的居群,与欧洲和北美的植物构成一个典型的多倍体复合体。     

Karyotypes of eight species of Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) from China

In this paper, eight species of the genus Euphorbia L. were cytologically studied. The three species of the subgenus Chamaesyce Raf., E. hirta, E. humifusa and E. hypericifolia, had chromosome numbers of 2n = 18, 22 and 32, with their basic chromosome numbers being x = 9, 11 and 8 respectively. The two species of the subgenus Poinsettia (Grah.) House. E. dentata, with 2n=28, a tetraploid, and E. cyathophora, with 2n= 56, a octoploid, had both the basic chromosome number of x= 7. The three species of the subgenus Esula Pers, E. lathyris, E. helioscopia and E. hylonoma, had chromosome number of 2n= 20, 42 and 20, with their basic numbers being x= 10, 7 and 10 respectively. The basic chromosome number of x = 8 is new for E. hypericifolia, in which x = 7 was previously reported. This indicates that this species had both ploidy(2n = 4x = 28, 8x = 56) and dysploidy(x = 7, 8) variations. In E. dentata, there occurred also ploidy variation (2n = 2x, 4x and 8x). A tetraploid cytotype of E. esula was found in China, its diploid cytotype and hexaploid cytotype being previously reported in North America, the Iberian Peninsula and some other European areas. Based on our results and those previously reported, we support the viewpoint that x＝10 may be the original basic chromosome number of Euphorbiaand discuss the role of polyploidy and dysploidy in the speciation and evolution of this genus     

Acaricidal activity of Aloe vera L. leaf extracts against Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) (Acarina: Tetranychidae)

Four different extracts of Aloe vera L. leaves were evaluated for acaricidal activity against female adults of carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval), by slide-dip bioassay. At 72 h after treatment, the acetone extract showed the strongest acaricidal activity with LC₅₀ value of 90 ppm. The LC₅₀ values for ethyl acetate, water, and ethanol extracts were 113, 340, and 391 ppm, respectively. The acetone extract was fractionated using a silica gel column. Among the twenty-two fractions obtained the fifth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, fifteenth, and seventeenth fractions showed strong acaricidal activity, causing 80.39 to 92.16% mortality at 72 h after treatment. The tenth and eleventh fractions had the strong activity, with LC₅₀ values of 44 ppm and 33 ppm, respectively. The results suggested that A. vera has a great potential for development as a botanical acaricide for T. cinnabarinus control.     

Studies on the rhizosphere mycoflora of Euphorbia granulata forsk. and E. heterophylla L.

Unlike many higher plants Euphorbia granulata and E. heterophylla do not encourage the development of fungi in their rhizospheres. Fungi recovered therefrom were limited both in number and range of species. The rhizosphere of E. heterophylla was slightly favourable to soil fungi when compared with the other weed plant. Aspergillus niger was least affected by both types of rhizosphere. Expressed latexcontaining sap of E. granulata was remarkably inhibitory to submerged cultures of A. flavus, A. nidulans, Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp. and Helminthosporium. Conidia and mycelial fragments recovered from these cultures failed either to germinate or resume growth thus exhibiting an antifungal property of E. granulata latex.     

Detection of poly(ADP ribose) polymerase in crude extracts by activity-blot.

We have recently devised an activity-blot procedure permitting the detection, on the same nitrocellulose sheet, of the functional poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity as well as the immunostained active peptide(s) after renaturation of the transferred protein(s). Using this technique we have analyzed the PARP activity in higher and lower eukaryotes directly on crude extracts from cell cultures. This procedure has been extended also to in situ screening of bacterial colonies expressing the PARP enzymatic activity.