冰冻保存小新月菱形藻的包埋-玻璃化法

采用包埋-玻璃化法对小新月菱形藻进行冰冻保存,探讨玻璃化溶液(PVS)配方、装载液浓度和装载时间、脱水时间以及洗涤方法对冰冻保存存活率的影响。结果表明:小新月菱形藻在0℃预冷后50%PVS2装载60min,100%PVS2脱水60min,1mol·L-1蔗糖梯度洗涤30min的条件下存活率最高,为74.1%。包埋-玻璃化法不需要特殊的冷冻设备,冰冻程序操作简单,在藻类种质的超低温保存中有较大的应用潜力。     

江西铅山红芽芋胚性愈伤组织的玻璃化法超低温保存及植株再生

以江西铅山红芽芋胚性愈伤组织为材料,研究各种因素对其玻璃化法超低温保存的影响。结果表明:江西铅山红芽芋胚性愈伤组织玻璃化法超低温保存较佳的预培养条件为0.3mol·L-1蔗糖预培养3d,较佳的60%PVS2装载时间为20min,较佳的100%PVS2脱水条件为25℃脱水30min,较佳的化冻温度为40℃,较佳的洗涤液蔗糖浓度为1.2mol·L-1,较佳的冻后培养条件为暗培养7d再转到光周期中培养。红芽芋胚性愈伤组织包埋玻璃化超低温保存后的平均成活率约为70%。红芽芋胚性愈伤组织冻后再生苗没有发生形态学、生理学和细胞学的变异。     

长鞭红景天悬浮培养细胞的玻璃化法超低温保存研究

对长鞭红景天悬浮培养细胞的玻璃化法超低温保存进行了初步研究.结果表明,预培养、预处理、脱水处理及冻后处理对长鞭红景天悬浮培养细胞存活率均有重要影响,方差分析结果均显示差异显著.长鞭红景天悬浮培养细胞过程中最佳培养条件是:在含5%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)的MS培养基上预培养1 h,室温下80%PVS2预处理40 min,然后用100%PVS2于0℃处理50 min,投入液氮(LN)保存1 h后在40℃水浴中迅速化冻,再用1.2 mol/L蔗糖培养液洗涤3次,每次10 min,洗涤后的悬浮培养细胞用氯化三苯四氮唑(TTC)法检测,其存活率可达72.70%.     

花烛胚性悬浮细胞玻璃化超低温保存条件研究

为建立适宜的花烛(Anthurium andraeanum Lind. )胚性悬浮细胞玻璃化超低温保存技术,采用单因素实验方法对影响玻璃化超低温保存后细胞相对存活率的主要因素进行了研究.结果表明,经玻璃化超低温保存后花烛悬浮细胞的相对存活率与悬浮细胞的继代培养时间、渗透调节剂的种类和浓度及预培养时间、装载液种类和预处理时间、PVS2脱水时间以及超低温保存后的化冻温度均有一定的关系.继代培养3和5 d,细胞的相对存活率较高(约20%);分别以0.3、0.5、0.7 mol·L-1山梨醇和60、80、100、120 g·L-1蔗糖为渗透调节剂预培养0～4 d,以0.5 mol·L-1山梨醇预培养2 d的效果最好,细胞的相对存活率为26.2%;用体积分数25%PVS2预处理15 min,细胞的相对存活率最高(29.0%);分别用体积分数100%PVS2脱水0、5、10、15、20、25和30 min,其中脱水10 min的悬浮细胞相对存活率最高(32.1%);分别在10 ℃、20 ℃、30 ℃、40 ℃、50 ℃和60 ℃水浴条件下进行化冻处理,其中用40 ℃水浴化冻的悬浮细胞相对存活率最高(32.1%).花烛胚性悬浮细胞玻璃化超低温保存和化冻的适宜流程为:将继代培养3～5 d的胚性悬浮细胞团(直径2 mm)在含0.5 mol·L-1山梨醇的1/2MS液体培养基中预培养2 d后,于4 ℃条件下处理24 h,然后先用体积分数25%PVS2室温预处理15 min,再用体积分数100%PVS2 在0 ℃条件下脱水10 min,最后迅速投入液氮中冷冻保存;将经过冷冻保存的细胞置于40 ℃水浴中化冻3 min,用含1.2 mol·L-1蔗糖的1/2MS液体培养基洗涤3次(每次10 min),之后即可进行恢复培养.     

防风愈伤组织的玻璃化法超低温保存及再生

为避免连续继代造成的愈伤组织变异,探索新的种质资源保存方法,对防风愈伤组织进行了超低温冷冻保存及植株再生研究。以关防风3周龄的愈伤组织为材料,单一变量法研究适宜的玻璃化法超低温保存程序。结果显示:(1)防风愈伤组织超低温保存的最佳方案为:4℃条件下于MS+1.0mg/L 6-BA+1.0mg/L NAA+5%DMSO的继代培养基中预培养3d,60%PVS2常温装载20min,100%PVS2于2℃脱水45min后直接投入液氮。(2)防风愈伤组织经超低温保存后的相对存活率最高为79.24%,其中预培养和脱水是实现超低温冻存的关键环节,且1.0mol/L蔗糖的MS溶液洗涤、暗培养14d以上有助于冻后愈伤组织恢复生长。研究表明,玻璃化超低温冻存可以作为防风愈伤组织的保存方法,冻后愈伤可以恢复生长并再生成完整植株。     

大苞鞘石斛原球茎玻璃化超低温保存技术的研究

本文研究建立了大苞鞘石斛(Dendrobium wardianum Warner)原球茎玻璃化法超低温保存的技术体系。结果发现,预处理和玻璃化溶液(plant vitrification solution 2,PVS2)装载脱水是影响大苞鞘石斛原球茎相对存活率的两个关键步骤,高渗与低温-高渗两种预处理方法测定的相对存活率具有显著性差异;玻璃化溶液的种类以及脱水时间对冻后存活率具有重要的影响。基于此,建立了大苞鞘石斛原球茎的超低温保存体系,即:以继代培养60 d的大苞鞘石斛原球茎为材料,1/2MS+0.8 mol/L蔗糖的培养基上4℃低温预处理6 d后,转至1/2 MS+2 mol/L甘油+0.4 mol/L蔗糖的装载液中室温下装载40 min,在0℃下装载PVS2脱水40 min,然后转入装有新鲜PVS2冷冻管中并迅速投入液氮。在液氮保存1 h后放在40℃水浴中快速解冻1 min,利用含1.2 mol/L蔗糖的1/2MS培养液洗涤3次,每次间隔10 min;待恢复培养30 d后统计存活率,可使大苞鞘石斛原球茎超低温保存后存活率达到20.0%。     

卵叶泥炭藓茎尖包埋玻璃化法超低温保存研究

该研究通过对脱水时间和化冻温度的探索,检验了包埋玻璃化法在超低温保存湿润生境中苔藓的可能性。结果表明:卵叶泥炭藓无菌苗在4℃条件下预培养3d后,在0℃用60% PVS_2装载30min,PVS_2脱水60min后迅速投入液氮保存,24h后用40℃水浴快速化冻2min再培养,成活率可达42.41%,且再生植株与常温状态下的植株形态指标没有显著性差异。研究认为,包埋玻璃化法超低温保存湿润环境中生长的苔藓植物是可行的。     

湛江等鞭金藻对抗生素的反应及无菌化培养

研究了5种抗生素在不同浓度下对湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhangjiangensis)生长的影响,采用混合添加抗生素法获得无菌藻株.结果表明,(1)不同抗生素对湛江等鞭金藻生长的影响存在差异,湛江等鞭金藻对氯霉素最敏感,浓度为50 μg·mL-1时抑制率为27.02%,浓度＞50 μg·mL-1时抑制率达80%,湛江等鞭金藻对青霉素、链霉素、卡那霉素和庆大霉素不敏感,后3种抗生素在低浓度时对藻细胞生长有促进作用;(2)除50 μg·mL-1青霉素处理外,青霉素、链霉素、卡那霉素和庆大霉素其它浓度处理均有明显的抑菌作用;(3)采用500 μg·mL-1链霉素,1000 μg·mL-1卡那霉素和50 μg·mL-1庆大霉素的4个组合混合添加抗生素,均获得了无菌藻株,且对生长有促进作用.     

药用植物黄芪离体培养茎尖的包埋脱水法和包埋玻璃化法超低温保存（英文）

为找出一条黄芪种质长期包埋脱水法保存和包埋玻璃化法保存的程序,以来源于黄芪离体生长腋芽的黄芪茎尖并包埋成海藻酸钙珠。随后,在MS+0.75 mol·L~(-1)蔗糖的液体培养基中25℃下预培养5 d后,放于干硅胶上无菌干燥5 h,直至含水量达23.1%(以鲜重为基础)时将材料投入液氮保存。保存1 d后,茎尖在40℃水浴中化冻2~3 min并转入固体培养基上进行再生培养,2周后大约50%的茎尖可再生出芽。黄芪茎尖包埋玻璃化法超低温保存程序也被优化,同样包埋成海藻酸钙凝胶珠的茎尖在MS+1 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.05 mg·L~(-1)NAA+0.75 mol·L~(-1)蔗糖的液体培养基中25℃预培养3 d,用2 mol·L~(-1)甘油+0.4 mol·L~(-1)蔗糖装载液25℃装载90 min并再用PVS2在0℃下处理120 min后直接投入液氮。保存1 d后,取出材料在37℃水浴中化冻2~3 min,并用MS+1 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.05 mg·L~(-1)NAA+1.2 mol·L~(-1)蔗糖的液体培养基进行10 min的洗涤后转入MS+1 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.05 mg·L~(-1)NAA的固体培养基上进行再生培养。茎尖的再生率接近80%。以上两种超低温保存方式均未造成再生植株形态学上的变化。因此,包埋脱水法和包埋玻璃化法两种常规方法对于黄芪茎尖超低温保存来说均具有重要的意义。     

红芽芋茎尖的包埋玻璃化法超低温保存（英文）

对红芽芋(Colocasia esculenta var.cormosus ‘Hongyayu’)茎尖的包埋玻璃化法超低温保存技术进行了研究。茎尖从培养8周的试管苗上切下并包埋成海藻酸钙凝胶珠,并在MS+3.5 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.5 mg·L~(-1)IBA+0.1 mg·L~(-1)GA_3+0.3 mol·L~(-1)蔗糖的液体培养基中预培养24 h,随后用2 mol·L~(-1)甘油+0.4 mol·L~(-1)蔗糖的混合物在25℃下装载30 min,并用PVS2在25℃脱水20 min后将包埋的茎尖直接投入液氮保存。保存1 d后取出材料在40℃水浴快速复温3 min后,吸去冷冻管中PVS2,并用MS+3.5 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.5mg·L~(-1)IBA+0.1 mg·L~(-1)GA_3+1.2 mol·L~(-1)蔗糖的液体培养基在25℃洗涤3次,每次10 min。最后将茎尖接种于MS+3.5 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.5 mg·L~(-1)IBA+0.1 mg·L~(-1)GA_3的固体培养基上,暗培养3 d后转入正常的光周期中培养。红芽芋茎尖冻后成活率约为80%,其再生植株没有发生形态学的变化。这种包埋玻璃化法程序有望成为红芽芽茎尖超低温保存的常规方法。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.