微生物学课程绪论课教学的探索与实践

绪论课教学在整个微生物课程教学中起着至关重要的作用。本文结合大连大学的教学目标从教学定位、教学实施2个方面对绪论课教学进行了探索,经过一定时间的实践,取得了较好的教学效果。     

如何上好“绪论”第一课：以“普通植物病理学”课程为例

“绪论”是高校所有课程的第一课,上好“绪论”第一课可第一时间在学生心中播下对该门学科的使命感、进取心和责任心的“种子”。作者通过多年的教学研究与实践,认为“绪论”教学的首要目的是激发学生的好奇心和求知欲,点燃学生的进取心和紧迫感,进而喜欢和会学这门课程。为达到上述教学目的,我们构建了“绪论”第一课授课内容、方法与目的三者相吻合的教学模式：首先,采用生动有趣和灵活多样的手段导入情景和实物,并设问;随后通过循循善诱和启迪独立思考,师生共同探究和感悟该学科属性、形成发展历史、目前研究现状及未来发展前景,以及教与学的目的、任务和方法等,从而让学生树立上进心和责任心,增强学好该课程的决心和信心。本文以普通植物病理学课程为例,展示了采用“绪论”第一课的教学模式开展的教学过程。多年的教学实践证明,“绪论”第一课教学模式导入的“绪论”内容规范、系统、全面、与教学目标相契合。并且,其内涵丰富、可操作性强、实施效果好,对提高教学质量十分奏效,适合推广应用。     

开启多彩的生物化学世界的大门——浅谈医学生物化学绪论教学

生物化学在医学课程中占有十分重要的地位,但因其代谢途径多,反应复杂,晦涩难懂,学生的畏难情绪普遍严重.绪论课在生物化学整个课程教学中发挥着提纲挈领的作用,其教学的成功与否直接影响能否消除学生的畏难情绪,激发学生学习兴趣,能否成功建立课程的整体框架.本文围绕医学生物化学绪论课教学,分别从重视生化绪论教学、讲清生物化学概念...     

《中药制药工程学》绪论课教学的一点教学体会

绪论课是高校每一门课程教学时教师面对学生的第一次课,上好绪论课具有非常重要的意义。本文以《中药制药工程学》课程为例,论述了绪论课的重要性并介绍了绪论课的内容设计、教学方法、学习要求等。     

利用多媒体网络活动室组织"自然保护"一节课的教学

笔者在组织“自然保护”一节课的教学时,利用多媒体网络活动室中因特网资源辅助教学,收到了良好的教学效果。１　教材、学情分析和教学目标设计本小节教材主要讲述了森林在环境保护中的作用、草原的利用和保护、保护野生动植物资源和建立自然保护区。从学生学习情况分析,在绪论中,学生已知道生物学向宏观方面发展就是关于生态学方面的研究,上一节课又学习了生态平衡的概念、原理、破坏生态平衡的因素和保护生态平衡的重要意义,这些知识为本节课的认知奠定了基础。本节课的认知目标是使学生认识保护环境一方面要防止环境污染,一方面要…     

微生物学绪论教学的商榷

绪论,是一门课的缩影,又是入门的响导,是全课程的第一炮,也是老师的头一次亮相。通过绪论教学,可以激发学生对课程的浓厚兴趣和强烈求知欲望。微生物学的绪论教学也是如此,讲好了,可以激励学生愿意跟着老师去探索奥妙无穷的微生物世界,增强参加改造和利用微生物伟大事业的使命感。在课堂教学的同     

微生物学绪论教学的商榷

绪论,是一门课的缩影,又是入门的晌导,是全课程的第一炮,也是老师的头一次亮相。通过绪论教学,可以激发学生对课程的浓厚兴趣和强烈求知欲望。微生物学的绪论教学也是如此,讲好了,可以激励学生愿意跟着老师去探索奥妙无穷的微生物世界,增强参加改造和利用微生物伟大事业的使命感。在课堂教学的同     

绪论课:让学生自己发现生命科学的地位

绪论课的目的之一就是要激发学生的学习兴趣。为此,教师要向学生介绍生物学的进展及其在宏观和微观领域取得的新成就。近年来,不少教师还向学生宣传“21世纪是生命科学率先发展的世纪”这一观点。这样做虽能取得一定的教学效果,但由于有些学生常觉得这些内容和观点离他们太遥远,甚至有的学生会觉得生物教师是在“王婆卖瓜”,就使得教学目的难以很好地实现。本文将介绍在绪论课中使用的一种教学活动,通过这样的活动能使学生自己去发现生物学在当今科技发展中的地位和作用,从而更好地达到绪论课预期的目的要求。1方法和步骤这一教学活…     

附:该创意试用于初中绪论课的效果

刘恩山先生在硕士研究生班“生物学的教学原理与方法”绪论课上,设计了上述新教法。受其启发,我将该创意试用于初一绪论课,于1996年9月2日上了一堂研究课。以往的绪论课,我曾刻意收集学生感兴趣的生物学实例及较新奇的生物学知识,充满激情地讲述,期望激发学生学习生物学的兴趣。然而,一位毕业生坦率的话使我感到困惑了。他说,刚上初一时,每门课的教师上台都“自吹自擂”,说明自己那门课如何重要。“您上讲台还没开口,我心里就想,该听这位老师‘卖瓜’了。”也就是说,尽管教师上课讲得很投入,但是学生已缺乏新鲜感了。绪论课应…     

少学时“化工原理”理论课程教学方法探讨

化工原理是工科类学生的必修课。如何让学生在短时间内轻松学好、学懂这门课,并且从学习中提高各方面的思维能力;同时提高教师的教学质量,已成为教师教学目的所在。笔者结合多年的教学经验,对教师在绪论课、教学理念、思维灌输、作业、亲和力等各教学环节上使用的教学方法做了整体研究与探讨。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.