氨甲环酸对体外循环术后炎症因子的影响

目的观察氨甲环酸(TA)对体外循环(CPB)围术期炎症因子的影响。方法将40例行体外循环心脏手术的患者随机分为实验组(A组)20例和对照组(B组)20例。A组在麻醉诱导后、体外循环结束时、手术结束时3个时段每次给予TA 10mg/kg;B组给予等量生理盐水。观察两组术前(T1),CPB停机时(T2),术后6h(T3)、12h(T4)和24h(T5)血IL-6、IL-8和CRP的计数水平。结果实验组血清中的IL-6和IL-8水平在CPB停机时、术后6h和12h均显著升高,术后24h均呈下降趋势,并显著低于对照组(P<0.05);CRP水平在术后12h显著升高,术后24h对照组较实验组显著升高(P<0.05)。结论氨甲环酸能减少CPB术后炎症因子的释放,减轻全身炎性反应。     

丙氨酰谷氨酰胺对体外循环瓣膜置换术患者的肺保护作用

目的:探讨丙氨酰谷氨酰胺对体外循环瓣膜置换术患者肺屏障功能的影响。方法:择期体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)下行心脏瓣膜置换术患者60例,随机分为3组,每组20例,分别为生理盐水组(C组)、复方氨基酸注射液组(A组)和Ala-GLn组(G组)。G组泵注丙氨酰谷氨酰胺0.4 g/(kg·d),A组和C组分别泵注等量的复方氨基酸注射液和生理盐水,三组均持续输注24 h。分别于:麻醉后(T_0)、开胸后CPB前(T_1)、主动脉开放30 min(T_2)、关胸(T_3)、术后5 h(T_4)、术后24 h(T_5)、术后48 h(T6),经静脉采血3 m L,检测血浆IL-6、TNF-α和SP-A的含量;采动脉血进行血气分析;观察ICU机械通气时间。结果:与T_0比较,三组患者在T_2、T_3、T_4、T_5时间点的血清TNF-α和IL-6含量均显著升高(P0.05);G组患者血清TNF-α和IL-6的浓度显著低于C组和A组(P0.05);与T_0比较,三组患者在T_2~T_5各时间点的SP-A水平显著升高(P0.05),G组患者血清SP-A含量显著低于C组和A组(P0.05);与T_0比较,三组患者在T_2~T_5时的RI值显著升高(P0.05),G组患者RI值显著低于C组和A组(P0.05);G组的机械通气时间比C组和A组显著缩短(P0.05)。结论:丙氨酰谷氨酰胺能降低体外循环瓣膜置换术患者的炎症反应,保护肺泡屏障功能,具有一定的肺保护作用。     

非体外循环与并行循环不停跳冠脉搭桥术炎性因子的比较

目的:通过对比非体外循环与并行循环下不停跳冠脉搭桥术炎性因子的变化,研究不同方法对机体全身炎性反应程度的影响.方法:选择2009年6月～2010年1月在我院行冠脉搭桥术患者30例,其中选取采用并行循环下不停跳冠脉搭桥术(OnP-BH CABG)和非体外循环冠脉搭桥术(OPCABG)患者各15例,即A组和B组.检测TI(术前)、T2(手术结束时)、T3(术后6小时)、T4(术后12小时)、T5(术后24小时)不同时间点血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)含量,并记录桥血管数量、精神状况、引流量及ICU入住时间.结果:两组血浆TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、cTnI含量T1时无统计学意义(P＞0.05),T2、T3、T4、T5均呈升高趋势.A组较B组T2、T3、T4、T5各时间点TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8指标升高差异显著(P＜0.01);cTn I升高幅度略缓,T4、T5差异无统计学意义.比较患者术后精神状况及ICU入住时间,B组均优于A组(P＞0.05).术中搭桥血管支数无统计学差异、A组引流量较B组多,有统计学意义(p=0.02).结论:并行循环下不停跳冠脉搭桥术与非体外循环冠脉搭桥术相比,心肌损伤略重;体外循环可加重机体全身炎性反应程度.     

帕瑞昔布联合曲马多对胸腔镜下肺叶切除术患者围术期疼痛和炎性因子的影响

目的:探讨帕瑞昔布联合曲马多镇痛对胸腔镜下肺叶切除术患者围术期疼痛和炎性细胞因子的影响。方法:选取我院2013年4月至2016年4月收治的60例胸腔镜下肺叶切除术患者,按照随机数字表法分为A组和B组,每组者30例。A组患者采取帕瑞昔布镇痛;B组患者采取帕瑞昔布联合曲马多镇痛,采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价患者术后30 min、8 h、12 h、24 h镇痛效果以及T0(麻醉诱导前)、T1(手术完成)、T2(术后2 h)、T3(术后6 h)、T4(术后24 h)血清IL-6、IL-8水平的变化。结果:术后30 min、8 h、12 h、24 h,A组VAS评分均高于B组同期,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);B组患者T1、T2、T3、T4时血清IL-6、IL-8水平均明显低于A组患者(P0.05),两组血清IL-6、IL-8水平均在T3时刻达到最高值;A组不良反应发生率为13.3%,高于对照组的10.0%,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:帕瑞昔布联合曲马多镇痛可提高镇痛质量,抑制炎症反应。     

非体外循环与并行循环不停跳冠脉搭桥术炎性因子的比较

目的:通过对比非体外循环与并行循环下不停跳冠脉搭桥术炎性因子的变化,观察不同方法对机体全身炎性反应程度的影响.方法:选择2009年6月～2010年1月在我院行冠脉搭桥术患者30例,其中选取采用并行循环下不停跳冠脉搭桥术(OnP-BH CABG)和非体外循环冠脉搭桥术(OPCABG)患者各15例,即A组和B组.检测T1(术前)、T2(手术结束时)、T3(术后6小时)、T4(术后12小时)、T5(术后24小时)不同时间点血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)含量,并记录桥血管数量、精神状况、引流量及ICU入住时间.结果:两组血浆TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、cTnI舍量T1时无统计学意义(P>0.05),T2、T3、T4、T5均呈升高趋势.A组较B组T2、T3、T4、T5各时间点TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8指标升高差异显著(P<0.01);cTnI升高幅度略缓,T4、T5差异无统计学意义.比较患者术后精神状况及ICU入住时间,B组均优于A组(P>0.05).术中搭桥血管支数无统计学差异、A组引流量较B组多,有统计学意义(p=0.02).结论:并行循环下不停跳冠脉搭桥术与非体外循环冠脉搭桥术相比,心肌损伤略重;体外循环可加重机体全身炎性反应程度.

Abstract：

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the differences of inflammatory cytokines level and inflammatory reaction in patients between on-pump beating heart CABG and off-pump CABG. Methods: Select the patients from June 2009 to Jan 2010 who underwent the CABG in our hospital with on-pump beating heart CABG and off-pump CABG and each group was 15 patients. That was named Group A and group B. Serial blood samples were collected at the following intervals respectively: before operation and Oh, 6h, 12h, 24h after the operation to evaluate the concentration of TNF-α , IL-6, IL-8 and cTn I. Recorded and compared the grafts, mental status、bleeding and the time of intensive care unit. Results: There was no significant difference between two groups in plasma TNF -α , IL - 6, IL - 8 and cTn I level at T1. The level of TNF -α , IL - 6 and IL - 8 was significantly increased at T2 - T5 compared with that before operation (T1) in both groups. However, the plasma concentrations of TNF -α , IL - 6, IL - 8 were significantly lower in group B than group A. The level of cTnI was significantly increased at T2-T3 compared with T1, and no significantly difference at T4, T5. The general condition of the patients in group B was better than group A. The bleeding was significantly fewer in groups B. Conclusions: Myocardial injury was slightly heavier in patients with on pump beating heart CABG than off pump CABG. Cardiopulmonary bypass can aggravate inflammatory reaction.     

不同浓度右美托咪啶对小儿麻醉后血清肌钙蛋白I、C反应蛋白以及补体水平的影响

目的:探讨不同浓度右美托咪啶对小儿麻醉后血清肌钙蛋白I、C反应蛋白(CRP)及补体水平的影响。方法:选取我院收治的拟行手术的患儿60例,根据应用右美托咪定的浓度随机分为A、B、C三组,每组各20例。A、B组患儿予右美托咪啶0.5、0.25μg/kg的负荷剂量静脉推注给药10分钟,然后以0.2-0.7μg/kg/h的速度持续静脉微量泵入维持患者镇静状态,C组直接以右美托咪啶0.2-0.7μg/kg/h的速度持续泵入维持镇静状态。比较三组患儿麻醉术后的苏醒情况,麻醉前后不同时点血清肌钙蛋白I、C反应蛋白及补体水平的变化。结果:治疗前,三组患儿的各项指标比较均无统计学差异(P0.05);治疗后,与A、C两组比较,B组患者自主呼吸恢复时间、气管导管拔管时间、解除监护时间显著缩短(P0.05),术后24、72 h血清CRP水平更低,术后1、6、24 h血清肌钙蛋白I水平较低(P0.05),术后1、24、72 h血清补体水平较高(P0.05)。结论:0.25μg/kg浓度的右美托咪啶对于对小儿麻醉后血清肌钙蛋白I、C反应蛋白及补体水平的影响明显,且有助于患儿术后的苏醒。     

氨甲环酸不同给药方式对心脏瓣膜置换术患者的效果差异和安全性分析

目的:探讨氨甲环酸不同给药方式对心脏瓣膜置换术患者的效果差异和安全性。方法:选择2016年7月至2019年11月我院接诊的112例接受体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术的患者,通过随机数表法分为三组,A组38例,B组38例,C组36例。A组在切皮前给予氨甲环酸注射液10 mg/kg单次静脉推注,B组在切皮前给予氨甲环酸注射液10 mg/kg的单次静脉推注后,之后再以5mg/kg/h的速度持续静脉泵注,直至手术结束;C组不使用氨甲环酸。比较三组围术期情况、不同时间点凝血功能及引流量的变化,并评价安全性。结果:通过对三组患者的术后24 h出血量、输液量、异体红细胞输血例数和输血量进行对比,结果显示,A组和B组上述情况均比对照组少(P<0.05),但A组和B组患者上述情况经过比较显示,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在手术结束时(T1)、术后6 h(T2)、术后12 h(T3)、术后24 h(T4)时点时,A组和B组患者的血小板计数(PLT)、血红蛋白(Hb)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平的结果均比C组高,活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、国际标准化比值(INR)、D-二聚体(D-D)水平的结果均明显比C组低(P<0.05),但A组和B组患者在上述时间点各指标进行比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组和B组患者在T2、T3、T4时点时引流量均比对照组低(P<0.05),但是A组和B组术后各时间点引流量的比较结果显示,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组和B组术后肾功能损伤发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:氨甲环酸对心脏瓣膜置换术患者具有血液保护作用,但和单次静脉推注氨甲环酸相比,术中持续泵注氨甲环酸并没有进一步改善患者术后凝血功能、出血量及引流量,且有增加肾损伤的风险,在临床应用上应注意药物使用方式,为患者提供更安全的用药方式。     

平衡超滤技术对小儿先心病术后炎症因子、凝血功能及肺功能的影响

目的:探讨平衡超滤技术对小儿先心病术后炎症因子、凝血功能及肺功能的影响。方法:选择2014年9月至2017年9月我院接诊的100例先天性心脏病患儿进行研究,通过随机数表法分为观察组55例和对照组45例,两组均于体外循环下实施心内直视手术,观察组在体外循环启动后患儿复温时开始平衡超滤,并于体外循环结束后即刻进行改良超滤,对照组仅在体外循环结束后即刻进行改良超滤。比较两组不同时间点炎症因子、凝血功能及肺功能的变化、术后恢复情况及并发症。结果:于体外循环结束后(术后)20 min(T1)、术后2 h(T2)、术后6 h(T3)各时点,观察组血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白介素(IL)-6、IL-10均明显比对照组低(P<0.05);观察组各时点活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组各时点肺静脉顺应性(Cstat)、氧合指数(OI)在各时点均明显高于对照组,肺泡-动脉氧分压梯度(AaDO2)明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组血管活性药使用时间、呼吸机使用时间和ICU住院时间均明显比对照组短(P<0.05),观察组感染、弥散性血管性凝血、肺功能损伤等发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在改良超滤技术上,联合平衡超滤更有助于减轻小儿先心病术后炎症因子的释放,具有较好的凝血功能、肺功能保护作用,可有效促进术后恢复,减少围术期并发症。     

不同吸入氧浓度联合PCV-VG模式对行腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术的老年患者氧合及肺损伤的影响

摘要 目的：探讨不同吸入氧浓度联合压力控制容量保证通气模式(PCV-VG)对行腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术的老年患者氧合及肺损伤的影响。方法：选择2022年3月至2023年3月在我院拟行全身麻醉下腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术的90例老年膀胱癌患者为研究对象,随机分为A组、B组和C组,各30例。所有患者在PCV-VG模式维持机械通气,其中A组、B组、C组的吸入氧浓度分别为40 %、50 %、60 %。检测所有患者通气前（T0）、通气后1 h、2 h和3h（T1-3）及撤管后0.5 h（T4）时心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、右心房压（RAP）、动脉血氧分压（PaO₂）,计算氧合指数（PaO₂/FiO₂）、呼吸指数（RI）,记录术后24 h临床肺部感染评分（CPIS）、PACU停留时间、术后住院时间,比较三组手术前及手术结束后血清肺表面活性蛋白A（SP-A）、Clara细胞分泌蛋白（CC16）表达水平及术后肺部并发症发生率。结果：三组在T0、T1、T2、T3和T4时HR、MAP、RAP比较无差异（P>0.05）;在T1、T2、T3和T4时,A组PaO₂、PaO₂/FiO₂均小于B组和C组,RI均大于B组和C组（P<0.05）;而B组与C组在各时间点PaO₂、PaO₂/FiO₂、RI比较无差异（P>0.05）;三组PACU停留时间比较无差异（P>0.05）;B组术后CPIS评分低于A组和C组,术后住院时间短于A组和C组（P<0.05）;C组术后血清SP-A、CC16表达水平均高于A组和B组（P<0.05）;B组术后肺部并发症发生率低于A组和C组（P<0.05）。结论：50%的吸入氧浓度联合PCV-VG模式可有效改善行腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术的老年患者的氧合功能,减轻肺损伤,对于减少术后并发症发生和促进康复具有积极作用,值得临床予以重视。     

不同麻醉和镇痛方式对开胸手术患者红细胞糖代谢限速酶的影响研究

目的:探讨心脏开胸手术中采用不同麻醉和镇痛方式对开胸手术患者围手术期磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)、葡萄糖-6磷酸脱氢酶(G-P6D)活性的影响.方法:90例拟行开胸食管癌根治术的患者分为A、B、C三组,A组术中静脉全麻复合硬膜外阻滞,术后行硬膜外罗呱卡因混合芬太尼镇痛;B组术中静脉全麻复合硬膜外阻滞,术后静脉芬太尼镇痛;C组术中静脉全麻,术后静脉芬太尼镇痛.分别于麻醉前(T1)、手术60min(T2)、术后60min(T3)、术后24h(T4)和术后48h(T5)测定红细胞PFK、G-6PD活性.记录术后60min、术后24h和术后48h的VAS评分.结果:三组患者T1时红细胞PFK、G-6PD活性无明显差异(P＞0.05),B、C组T4时PFK、G-6PD活性与T1时和A组比较显著降低,相比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05);A组患者术后T3、T4时VAS评分显著低于B、C组,相比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05),术后T5时三组VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:对开胸手术患者术中采用全麻复合硬膜外阻滞、术后采用硬膜外镇痛,可减少氧化应激损伤和对机体内平衡的影响.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.