蛋白质组表达图谱用于基因组功能提示的可行性研究

本文以ＥＣＯ２ＤＢＡＳＥ（Ｅｄｉｔｉｏｎ ６） 为研究材料, 探讨了利用蛋白质组表达图谱提供的生命动态活动信息提高基因组功能提示效果的可行性。在设计出一套较为完整的细胞功能簇（ＣＲＣ）聚类方案的基础上, 经考察,７９ 个蛋白质聚成４ 个不同的ＣＲＣ。结果显示出功能相关的蛋白质趋向于聚集在相同的ＣＲＣ中, 如９ 种氨酰ｔＲＮＡ 合成酶和４ 种热休克蛋白分别准确地聚合到ＣＲＣ２ 和ＣＲＣ３ 中。这些结果提示： 在蛋白质组研究资料比较充分的前提下, 通过有效的算法, 蛋白质组表达图谱可以为基因组功能提示提供非常重要的序列相似性之外的功能信息     

Investigation of Tissue-Specific Human Orthologous Alternative Splice Events in Pig

Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA can contribute to differences between tissues or cells either by regulating gene expression or creating proteins with various functions encoded by one gene. The number of investigated alternative splice events in pig has so far been limited. In this study we have investigated alternative splice events detected in humans, in orthologous pig genes. A total of 17 genes with predicted exon skipping events were selected for further studies. The splice events for the selected genes were experimentally verified using real-time quantitative PCR analysis (qPCR) with splice-specific primers in 19 different tissues. The same splice variants as reported in humans were detected in 15 orthologous pig genes, however, the expression pattern predicted in the in silico analyses was only experimentally verified in a few cases. The results support the findings that splice events resulting in preservation of open reading frame are indicative of a functional significance of the splice variants of the gene.     

Subcellular localization, expression patterns, SNPs and association analyses of the porcine HUMMLC2B gene

Myosin regulatory light chain (MLC) regulates myofilament activation via phosphorylation by Ca²⁺ dependant myosin light chain kinase. In order to further understand the functions of the porcine fast myosin regulatory light chain gene (HUMMLC2B) in muscle, the subcellular localization, the temporal and spatial distributions of its gene product were analyzed, and the association between the presence of specific polymorphisms and commercial meat traits in pig was also examined. HUMMLC2B was demonstrated to localize both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Real-time PCR further revealed HUMMLC2B expression variation in a waveform manner in the skeletal muscle of both Chinese Tongcheng and Western Landrace pig breeds at days 33, 65 and 90 post coitum (pc). After birth, the expression levels of HUMMLC2B were also found to decrease gradually with age. Our spatial expression analysis showed that HUMMLC2B was highly expressed in the semitendinosus, gastrocnemius, biceps femoris and longissimus dorsi muscles. In contrast, only low levels of expression of this gene were evident in fat, and no expression was detectable in brain, heart, kidney, lung, liver, lymph node, spleen, stomach, or in either large or small intestine. A total of 23 potential polymorphisms, comprising 3 exonic and 20 intronic, were detectable in the porcine HUMMLC2B gene and the G1094A, T1513C, G1876A and T2005G polymorphisms were further analyzed. The significant associations between the T1513C, G1876A and T2005G polymorphisms with marbling score, dressing percent and meat color, respectively, were identified (P < 0.05). Associations with the percentage of leaf fat could also be demonstrated by analysis of haplotypes harboring these three polymorphisms. Our current results thus shed further light on the roles and functions of the HUMMLC2B gene in muscle.     

葡萄F-box基因VvF-box5基因结构与表达分析

F-box蛋白广泛存在于真核生物中,主要参与细胞周期调控、凋亡及多种激素信号转导等过程;近几年发现,F-box蛋白还介导了植物对逆境胁迫的应答响应,对维持植物正常生长发育至关重要。干旱等非生物逆境胁迫严重影响了葡萄正常生长发育和果实品质,克隆并分析干旱响应基因对改良葡萄的抗性有重要意义。本研究根据葡萄干旱转录组分析结果,发现11个F-box基因在干旱胁迫下表达量明显上调;其中,VvF-box5基因位于葡萄第19条染色体上,对干旱胁迫的响应明显高于其他F-box成员;VvF-box5基因含有5个外显子和4个内含子,内含子均含有保守的GT…AG序列;VvF-box5基因包含1824 bp的开放阅读框,编码607个氨基酸,氨基酸序列的N端含有1个保守的F-box结构域,C端包含1个FBD和2个LRR结构域。启动子元件分析表明,VvF-box5基因含有多种逆境应答元件,包括GA响应元件GARE-motif、MeJA响应元件CGTCA-motif、干旱胁迫相关元件ERE、HSE和LTR、光应答顺式作用元件ACE、Box4和Sp1以及与细胞周期调节和发育相关的原件等。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,在干旱、高盐、ABA和MeJA处理下,VvF-box5基因的表达量明显升高;亚细胞定位结果显示,VvF-box5蛋白主要定位于圆葱表皮细胞的细胞核中;VvF-box5的过表达明显提高了转基因拟南芥在干旱处理下的成活率。另外,本研究利用原核表达系统诱导6×His-VvF-box5融合蛋白的表达,并使用蛋白标记亲和层析柱纯化获得了6×His-VvF-box5融合蛋白,为下一步深入研究VvF-box5的功能鉴定基础。     

Amino Acid Sequence of Porcine Myelin Basic Protein

The myelin basic protein (BP) of pig brain was cleaved into its constituent tryptic peptides and the amino acid composition of each was determined. Those tryptic peptides that had not been sequenced previously were cleaved with dipeptidyl peptidases and the resulting dipeptides were trimethylsilated, separated by gas chromatography, and identified by mass spectrometry. Carboxypeptidases B and Y were used to establish the COOH-terminal sequences of some of the tryptic peptides; one tryptic peptide (sequence 76-92) was cleaved with thermolysin and the thermolytic peptides were analyzed. From the results of the present study together with those reported previously, it has been possible to determine the complete amino acid sequence of the protein. The protein consists of 172 residues and has a theoretical molecular weight of 18,604. Its amino acid sequence is identical with that reported for the homologous bovine protein with the following exceptions: Ser replaces (bovine) Ala2; His-Gly is inserted between Arg9 and Ser10; Ala replaces Ser45; His and Gly replace Gly76 and His77, respectively; Pro replaces Ser131 and Ser135; Ala is inserted between Gly142 and His143; and Gln replaces His143.     

Expression and Localization of Myelin Basic Protein in Oligodendrocytes and Transfected Fibroblasts

Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a major structural component of myelin. It is expressed exclusively in myelinating glia (oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS) and is localized to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane and myelin membrane produced by these cells. The work described here concerns the mechanism of plasma membrane localization of MBP in myelinating glial cells and whether it involves differentiated functions specific to these cells or general functions of plasma membrane assembly common to all cells. To this end, the subcellular localization of endogenous MBP in mouse oligodendrocytes was compared with that of transiently expressed MBP in monkey fibroblasts (Cos-1 cells) transfected with an MBP expression vector containing cDNA for rat 14K MBP. The steady-state levels of MBP-specific RNA and of MBP polypeptide expressed in the transfected fibroblasts were comparable to the levels expressed in oligodendrocytes in primary culture. MBP localization was analyzed in whole cells by immunofluorescence and in specific intracellular compartments by subcellular fractionation. The results show that MBP expressed in wild-type oligodendrocytes is localized to the plasma membrane. In contrast, MBP expressed in transfected fibroblasts appears dispersed in the cytoplasm and is distributed uniformly among the various subcellular fractions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

高温蛋白酶制备酶解猪血蛋白的研究

用高温蛋白酶ＷＦ１４６制备猪血水解蛋白得率在１０％（Ｗ／Ｖ）以上。水解液经分析含有１８种氨基酸,其中８种必需氨基酸占３７．１４％。氨基酸总量可达６２６４．８６ｍｇ／１００ｍｌ．产物具有较高的营养价值和良好的溶解性,因而在食品工业中具有很大的应用潜力。     

猪细小病毒VP2蛋白在昆虫细胞中的表达及其特性

将猪细小病毒(Porcine Parvovirus, PPV)vp2基因重组到杆状病毒BacToBac表达系统的pFastBacⅠ质粒中,构建了pFastvp2质粒。在DH10Bac大肠杆菌中,pFastvp2与改造过的苜蓿夜蛾核型多角体病毒(AcNPV)基因组(Bacmid)发生同源重组,从而获得重组穿梭载体Bacmidvp2,转染Sf9细胞得到重组病毒AcNPVvp2。SDSPAGE和Westernblotting分析可见大小约为64kD的特异性带,表明AcNPVvp2在Sf9细胞中成功地表达了PPV VP2蛋白。红细胞凝集试验和间接ELISA进一步证实,表达的VP2蛋白具有与全病毒相同的血凝活性和相似的抗原性。电镜观察VP2蛋白的粗提物,发现VP2蛋白可自行装配成许多病毒样粒子(VLPs)。     

Kinetics of Carboxylmethylation of the Charge Isoforms of Myelin Basic Protein by Protein Methyltransferase II

The charge isoforms (C1-C5) of bovine myelin basic protein (MBP) were used as substrates for the rat brain enzyme protein carboxylmethyltransferase (PM II). The objective of these experiments was to ascertain whether the kinetic behavior of the MBP isoforms reflected differences in the structures of this molecular family. Initial velocity plots as a function of the MBP-isoform concentration showed significant differences (p less than 0.05) among the assayed isoforms except for isoforms C2 and C4. Under the conditions of our experiment all the curves exhibited a consistent sigmoidicity. The kinetic data were best fitted by a model, previously described for the enzyme D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, in which two independent sites must be randomly occupied before any catalytic activity can occur. This mechanism is substantially different from that proposed by other investigators for similar PM II enzymes and other substrates. The differences in the rates of isoform carboxylmethylation are largely accounted for by the different apparent dissociation constants Ks and is explained on the basis of inherent structural differences among the charge isoforms.     

Characterization of a Cytosolic Protein (P36) Isolated from Pig Brain by Benzodiazepine-Affinity Chromatography

Benzodiazepine-affinity chromatography, on a column of 1012S-Sepharose, resulted in the detection and purification of a binding protein (P36) from the cytosolic fraction of pig cerebral cortex. Purified P36 was enriched over 3,500-fold in a single step and was recovered with an efficiency of 50-60%. Analysis of the purified preparation by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated a single polypeptide of Mr 36,000. The Stokes radius (3.44 nm) and sedimentation coefficient (4.43S) indicated that purified P36 is a dimeric protein. Analysis of the amino acid composition of P36 revealed a relatively high content of the hydrophobic amino acids, valine and leucine. Immunoblotting of several pig tissue preparations with an antiserum raised against purified P36 demonstrated approximately equal enrichment of P36 in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and adrenal glands. Lesser enrichment was observed in kidney and liver, whereas a number of other tissues displayed no immunoreactivity. The gamma-aminobutyrate/benzodiazepine receptor complex and P36 showed no immunological cross-reactivity. High-affinity binding activity for [3H]Ro 15-4513, [3H]flunitrazepam, or [3H]PK11195 was not detected in preparations of purified P36. However, the ability of the gamma-aminobutyrate/benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonists, methyl- and ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate, to inhibit the binding of P36 to 1012S-Sepharose at relatively low concentrations indicates that P36 exhibits a degree of binding specificity.     

猪繁殖和呼吸综合征病毒膜蛋白和核衣壳蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

以 Ｐ Ｒ Ｒ Ｓ Ｖ 弱毒株膜蛋白（ Ｍ） 和核衣壳（ Ｎ） 蛋白基因为模板,设计的一对含有 Ｅｃｏ Ｒ Ｉ 和 Ｂａｍ Ｈ Ｉ酶切位点的引物,通过 Ｒ Ｔ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ 扩增出一约９００ ｂｐ 的 Ｍ Ｎ 基因片段,将此基因片段成功克隆于高效表达载体ｐ Ｂ Ｖ２２０ ,构建成重组质粒ｐ Ｂ Ｖ Ｍ Ｎ,导入大肠杆菌 Ｄ Ｈ５α,经温敏诱导,成功地表达了 Ｍ Ｎ 基因。表达产物经 Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ 电泳和 Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ 印迹分析,其分子量约３４ ｋ Ｄ,与兔抗 Ｐ Ｒ Ｒ Ｓ Ｖ 高免血清发生反应,经光密度扫描分析,表达产物量占菌体总蛋白的１２ ％ 。该研究为 Ｐ Ｒ Ｒ Ｓ 基因诊断抗原的研制奠定了基础     

The Diversity of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Isoforms in Drosophila Is Generated by Alternative Splicing of a Single Gene

Abstract: To investigate the mechanism by which Drosophila generates multiple calcium/calmodulindependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase) subunits, CaM kinase cDNAs were isolated and sequenced. Eight different cDNA sequences, varying only at the junction of the regulatory and association domains of the kinase. were obtained. These results indicate that the diversity of CaM kinase in Drosophila is greater than previously appreciated and is generated by alternative splicing of a single gene. In situ hybridization showed CaM kinase mRNA is present in both neuronal and mneuronal tissues in adult Drosophila . No differential tissue distribution of isoforms was observed.     

水稻齿叶矮缩病毒S8基因编码的结构蛋白质及其自聚集性质

水稻齿叶矮缩病毒是一种以水稻为侵害寄主的植物呼肠孤病毒 ,其基因组 1 0条dsRNA编码的蛋白质产物的功能除S9外的大部分还未阐明。报道了该病毒菲律宾分离株S8的开放阅读框序列 ,在大肠杆菌中表达和纯化出了其 6 7kD的蛋白质产物 ,并进一步研究了该产物的功能。实验结果表明 ,S8的蛋白质产物是病毒的一种主要结构蛋白质 ,在体外具有自剪切活性和自聚集性质 ,并推测可能是病毒的内层衣壳蛋白     

Proteome profile changes that are differentially regulated by lipid and protein phosphatase activities of tumor suppressor PTEN in PTEN-expressing U-87 MG human glioblastoma cells

The phosphatase and tensin homolog tumor suppressor (PTEN) belongs to a class of "gatekeeper" tumor suppressors together with p53, retinoblastoma and adenomatous polyposis. It is considered one of the most important tumor suppressors in the post p53 era. Previously to identify the molecules involved in the signaling network regulated by PTEN using proteomic tools, we reported global proteome profiles at different time points using the PTEN inducible NIH3T3 cells (Kim, S.-y., Kim, Y. S., Bahk, Y. Y., Mol. Cells 2003, 15, 396-405). However, the system had a critical limitation that NIH3T3 cell has endogenous wild-type PTEN and, thus to be exact, the induced PTEN could not give the answer about the real physiological roles of this tumor suppressor. Here, to find out PTEN-related protein network we have established various PTEN (wild-type, an activity inert C124G, and a lipid phosphatase deficient G129E)-expressing cell clones in U-87 MG human glioblastoma cells lacking detectable PTEN as a result of genetic lesions. In this biological context, we compared their morphological and expression patterns, and proteome images of each PTEN-expressing cell clone by 2-DE followed by identification with MALDI-TOF MS. We obtained some pieces of evidence that morphological change by PTEN expression is mediated by its protein phosphatase activity and their growth rate by the lipid phosphatase activity. The proteomic approaches showed that 30 proteins possibly correlated with PTEN's protein phosphatase activity (13 down-regulated and 17 up-regulated) and 20 with the lipid phosphatase activity (14 down-regulated and 6 up-regulated) were identified. Taken together, we conclude that the comparative analysis of proteome from various PTEN-expressing cells has yielded interpretable data to elucidate the protein network directly and/or indirectly caused by individual phosphatase activities of PTEN in vivo.     

Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel SNAP25-type protein gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">OsSNAP32</Emphasis> in rice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> L.)

The SNAP25-type proteins belong to the superfamily of the SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors), and function as important components of the vesical trafficking machinery in eukaryotic cells. In this paper, we report the cloning and expression characterization of OsSNAP32 gene, and the subcellular localization of its encoded protein. The OsSNAP32 gene contains five exons and four introns, and is located between RFLP markers C12276S and S1917 on chromosome 2 in rice. The OsSNAP32 has a molecular weight of 31.3 kD, comprises 283 amino acid residues, and contains Qb-SNARE and Qc-SNARE domains in the N- and C-terminal, respectively. Multiple sequence alignment of the SNARE domains indicates that OsSNAP32 protein is homologous to HvSNAP34 and HvSNAP28 (63% and 55% of amino acid identity respectively) from barley. The transient expression method in onion epidermal cells, revealed that OsSNAP32 is located in the plasma membrane, like other SNAP25-type proteins. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR assay showed that the OsSNAP32 is highly expressed in leaves and culms, and low in roots of rice, while hardly detected in immature spikes and flowering spikes. The expression of OsSNAP32 was significantly activated in rice seedlings treated with H2O2, PEG6000, and low temperature or after inoculation with rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea strain Hoku 1). The results suggest that this gene belongs to a novel member of this gene family encoding SNAP25-type proteins, involved in the rice responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.