糖尿病肾病患者红细胞免疫及抗氧化状态相关指标的变化研究

目的:研究与分析糖尿病肾病患者红细胞免疫及抗氧化状态相关指标的变化情况。方法:将2015年1月~2016年6月期间于本院进行治疗的66例糖尿病肾病患者设为观察组,同时将66名同龄健康人设为对照组。检测与比较两组同龄者的红细胞免疫及抗氧化状态相关指标,同时比较不同糖尿病肾病分期患者的红细胞免疫及抗氧化状态相关指标水平。结果:观察组的红细胞免疫及抗氧化状态相关指标明显差于对照组,且不同糖尿病肾病分期患者的检测水平也呈现明显差异,P均0.05,检测水平之间均存在显著性差异。结论:糖尿病肾病患者红细胞免疫及抗氧化状态相关指标明显较差,糖尿病分期较高者的检测结果也相对较差,因此应注意对糖尿病肾病患者进行上述方面的改善。     

Silicon compatible with the height of human vertebral column

In the study on human vertebral composites, silicon was found to be related to the height of the vertebral column. The element ratio of silicon to calcium in the lumbar vertebra was twice that of the lowest one in the cervical vertebra. The element ratio gradually increased from approx 0.5 at the cervical vertebra to approx 1.0 at the lumbar one. Silicon is preserved catastropically much more in the lower height of the backbone in contrast with the calcium amount, and the ratio to sulfur appears to be unchanged. This suggests that silicon is compatible with the biokinetics of the vertebral bone structure of calcium.     

饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对丝尾鳠幼鱼生长、血清生化指标及肝脏抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究高比例的棉粕和菜粕饲料中添加齐墩果酸对草鱼生长、血清生化指标、抗氧化和免疫能力的影响。试验选取均重约为50 g的草鱼480尾, 随机分为3组, 每组4个重复, 每个重复40尾。分别为对照组、高比例的棉粕和菜粕组、高比例的棉粕和菜粕组+500 mg/kg齐墩果酸组, 分别记为CON、S1和SQ2。养殖周期为 56d。结果显示: (1)与CON组相比, S1和SQ2组草鱼的末均重(FBW)、增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)均显著降低(P<0.05), S1组草鱼的饵料系数(FCR)显著升高(P<0.05)。与S1组相比, SQ2组草鱼的FBW、WGR和SGR均显著升高(P<0.05), 而FCR显著降低(P<0.05)。(2)与CON组相比, S1和SQ2组草鱼的血清谷草转氨酶(GOT)、胆汁酸(TBA)、总胆固醇(T-CHO)和肝脏丙二醛(MDA)水平均显著升高(P<0.05)。而血清酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、肠道淀粉酶和肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的水平均显著降低(P<0.05); S1组草鱼的血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的含量显著升高(P<0.05), 而血清C3、肠道脂肪酶和肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的含量显著降低(P<0.05)。与S1组相比, SQ2组草鱼的血清GOT、T-CHO和肝脏MDA的水平均显著降低(P<0.05), 而血清ACP、IgM、肠道脂肪酶、淀粉酶和肝脏的CAT、SOD、T-AOC的水平均显著升高(P<0.05)。(3)与CON组相比, S1组和SQ2组草鱼肝脏中gpx1、cat、tgf-β1和il-15的表达水平显著下调(P<0.05); S1组草鱼肝脏中Mnsod和nrf2的表达水平显著下调(P<0.05), 而keap1、tnf-α、nf-κb和il-12β的表达水平显著上调(P<0.05)。与S1组相比, SQ2组草鱼肝脏中Mnsod、gpx1、cat、nrf2、tgf-β1和il-15的表达水平显著上调(P<0.05), 而keap1、tnf-α、nf-κb和il-12β的表达水平显著下调(P<0.05)。综上所述, 高比例棉菜粕饲料显著降低了草鱼的生长性能, 抗氧化能力和免疫力, 并引起草鱼肝脏组织结构的损伤。齐墩果酸的添加可以缓解草鱼肝脏的氧化损伤和炎症反应, 并提高草鱼的生长性能, 抗氧化能力和免疫力。

     

有机溶剂胁迫处理对菌株Bacillus subtilis OST23a产胞外多糖的影响

【目的】研究有机溶剂胁迫处理对菌株分泌胞外多糖的影响并确定最佳条件。【方法】利用分泌抗氧化活性胞外多糖海洋细菌Bacillus subtilis OST23a及其突变菌株UD292为出发菌株,在考察菌株有机溶剂耐受性的基础上,测定不同浓度正己烷胁迫处理不同时间后该菌株抗氧化胞外多糖产量。【结果】结果表明最佳胁迫处理浓度和时间分别为3%和6 h,此时Bacillus subtilis OST23a和菌株UD292胞外多糖分泌量分别从9.02 mg/L和43.92 mg/L显著提高到52.97 mg/L和201.81 mg/L,且胞外多糖的抗氧化性能无显著变化。Bacillus subtilis OST23a和菌株UD292连续传代试验结果表明菌株遗传性状较稳定。【结论】有机溶剂胁迫可以提高细菌分泌胞外多糖的能力,在微生物育种方面有潜在的应用。     

Multitracer Screening: Brain Delivery of Trace Elements by Eight Different Administration Methods

Trace elements are closely associated with the normal functioning of the brain. Therefore, it is important to determine how trace elements enter, accumulate, and are retained in the brain. Using the multitracer technique, which allows simultaneous tracing of many elements and comparison of their behavior under identical experimental conditions, we examined the influence of different administration methods, i.e., intravenous (IV), intraperitoneal (IP), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), intracutaneous (IC), intranasal (IN), peroral (PO), and percutaneous (PC) administration, on the uptake of trace elements. A multitracer solution containing 16 radionuclides (i.e., ⁷Be, ⁴⁶Sc, ⁴⁸V, ⁵¹Cr, ⁵⁴Mn, ⁵⁹Fe, ⁵⁶Co, ⁶⁵Zn, ⁷⁴As, ⁷⁵Se, ⁸³Rb, ⁸⁵Sr, ⁸⁸Y, ⁸⁸Zr, ^95mTc, and ¹⁰³Ru) was used. The results indicated that the ⁸³Rb brain uptake rate with intranasal administration was approximately twice those obtained with the other administration methods. This result indicated that a portion of Rb was delivered into the brain circumventing the blood circulation and that delivery could be accomplished mainly by olfactory transport. Multitracer screening of trace element delivery revealed differences in brain uptake pathways among administration methods.     

圈养一例小熊猫骨骼中几种微量元素的测定

本文报道了用原子吸收光谱测定一例圈养小熊猫骨骼中Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｆｅ、Ｋ等元素含量的结果。     

乳腺上皮细胞微量元素转运机制研究进展

新生儿生长发育所需的微量元素主要从母乳中获得,微量元素参与了机体的许多生命活动,如酶的活性、细胞增殖及分化等。乳腺上皮细胞含有多种微量元素转运体系,如锌离子转运体系（Zip／ZnT）、铁离子转运体系（DMTl／FPN）和铜离子转运体系（Ctrl／ATP7）。在分泌乳汁的同时,这些转运蛋白对锌、铁、铜等微量元素的吸收、转运和分泌起着重要的作用。同时这些微量元素的转运及代谢受到多种因素的调控,使母乳中微量元素含量达到动态稳定,以满足新生儿生长发育各阶段对微量元素的需求。对近年来锌、铁、铜三种微量元素在乳腺上皮细胞内转运机制的研究进展进行综述。     

Antioxidant defense and trace element imbalance in patients with postradiation syndrome

More than 6000 residents of Latvia were involved in recovery work in Chernobyl. They were healthy men exposed to substantial ionizing radiation (0.01–0.5 Gy). Now, these recovery workers suffer from “postradiation syndrome”: dizziness and poor memory, headache, local pains, and so forth. The biochemical mechanism of “postradiation syndrome” has not been completely established. In this Phase I study, we have investigated how exposure to radiation impacts antioxidative defense and trace element concentrations in the blood of recovery workers. Thirty-five patients with postradiation syndrome (men, age range 33–50 yr) and 15 healthy men similar in age as control subjects were studied for the effects on plasma chemiluminescence, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the concentration of ceruloplasmin and concentrations of selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in blood. The results revealed that plasma chemiluminescence was significantly increased (3.5-fold to 5.5-fold), the activity of catalase in erythrocytes was significantly elevated, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase in plasma was significantly reduced in examined patients. Concentrations of Zn and Cu were significantly higher and the concentration of Se was lower in these patients. We conclude that the patients exposed to ionizing radiation have diminished blood antioxidant defense associated with pronounced Se deficiency and imbalance of Zn and Cu. Presented in part on the SFRR (Europe) Summer Meeting in Dresden, July 2–5, 1999.     

Surface sediment composition in an inundated opencast sulphur mine (Piaseczno reservoir, Southern Poland)

The chemical characteristics of the surface sediment (0–5 cm) in a lake which formed in an opencast sulphur mine have been analysed. Generally, the concentration of major elements (N, P, S, Ca, K, Mg, Cl, Fe, Si, and Al) and trace elements (Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Hg, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Ti, Y, and Zn) in the lake sediment reflected the natural regional background. The sediment was characterised by low amounts of organic matter (LOI ca. 5%). MANOVA indicated that the concentrations of 60% of the elements differed significantly between transects and 32% with respect to depths, whereas the seasonal differentiations were not found. The relationships between the studied elements calculated using factor analysis and correlation matrix are discussed. The bottom sediment show considerable heterogeneity, which is probably connected to their allochthonous origins and the young age of the lake.     

Measuring contaminant transport rates between water and sediments using limnocorrals

Radiotracers injected as soluble salts into 1.2 m³ limnocorrals in a shallow dystrophic lake were transported rapidly (2 to 12% d^–1) from the water to the bottom sediments. Removal rates of most contaminants declined after 14 days. Tracers were removed from the water much more rapidly than stable element analogs present naturally. After 3 weeks Am, Co, Ra, Hg, Sn and Fe activities on the enclosure walls were greater than 15% of the activity in the water. However, activity on the walls was a small fraction (< 6%) of the total amount of tracer injected. Particle fluxes inside the corrals were lower and much less variable than those measured outside. This difference appears to result from greater resuspension of bottom sediments in the lake than in the enclosures. Both particle-bound and soluble tracers were measured in cores of bottom sediments. Tracer sorption onto particles, diffusion into the bottom sediments, and uptake on the plastic enclosure walls were rapid and reversible. Tracer kinetics were very reproducible in replicate enclosures, providing a simple, experimental system in which limnological conditions can be manipulated. Loss rates and distributions of stable isotopes and radioisotopes can be used to develop and test a general model of element transport applicable to both short and long term analyses.     

乌拉尔甘草营养成分的分析研究

对乌拉尔甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis)地下,地上部分分别进行了微量元素及营养成分的测试分析。结果表明,乌拉尔甘草中糖,蛋白质,脂肪含量较高,并且含有丰富的矿质元素,为其资源的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

Intracellular redox state regulation by parthenolide

In the present paper, we report a strong intracellular antioxidant activity of the sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide in the hippocampal HT22 cells. This effect is mediated by an increase of total glutathione at both, low (5 microM) and high (10 microM), concentrations. Parthenolide also increases the activation of the antioxidant/electrophile response element. This effect is the possible mediator of glutathione increase, since the limiting enzyme on its synthesis possesses this response element on its promoter. Finally, we demonstrate that its antioxidant properties do not mediate its antiproliferative effect nor its inhibition of NF-kappaB.     

Age-related changes in the concentrations of major and trace elements in the brain of rats and mice

Age-related changes in the concentrations of constituent elements in the brains of rats and mice 1 wk to 24 mo old were determined with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Seventeen elements could be determined with reasonable accuracy and reproducibility. They were P, K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, Rb, Al, Mn, Sr, Mo, Co, Pb, Cs, and Cd in order of concentrations in the adult rat brains. In these elements, six major elements (P, K, Na, Fe, Mg, Ca) were determined with ICP-AES and the others with ICP-MS. The concentrations of each element and the pattern of age-related changes were similar between the rat and mouse brains. The elements of which concentrations decreased with aging were K and Rb. On the other hand, the concentrations of some metal elements, including Fe, Cu, Sr, and Co, appeared to increase with growth and aging. The concentrations of other elements were relatively constant throughout the age examined.     

Is the bioavailability index applicable for trace elements in different types of soil?

Abstract

The bioavailability index (BI) is defined as the proportion of reduction in a plant’s accumulation of an element, caused by the removal of the extractable fraction of the element of interest from the soil. The BI and corresponding experimental methods were quantitatively applied to evaluate the bioavailability of trace elements in five Chinese soils. The soil was first extracted with various reagents (DTPA, HCl and NH₂OH.HCI) separately, to remove the extractable elements. The soil, after extraction, was washed with deionised water to eliminate the extractant used in the fractionation analysis. Then the pH of the soil was re-adjusted with CaO. The soil was then fertilised and incubated in a greenhouse for four weeks. Tests showed that after incubation the pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and organic matter (OM) of the treated soil were close to their original values. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was planted in both the untreated and treated soil for eight weeks. After harvest the plant concentrations of the elements Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). Trace element accumulation by plants grown in the treated soil was reduced significantly compared with that of plants grown in the untreated soil. The results showed that BI values were in the order BI(DTPA)>BI(HCl)>BI(NH₂OH.HCl). This indicated that the DTPA-extractable fraction represented a highly available fraction of the total content. Variations of BI among different trace elements show that Cr, Mn, Zn and Co have a higher BI, in general for the elements tested, whereas, Cu, Cd and Pb have lower values. There are also slight differences in the BI among soils. However, no significant relationship could be found between the BI and the soil characteristics.     

Studies on the effects of x-ray on erythrocyte zinc and copper concentrations in rabbits after treatment with antioxidants

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supplemental antioxidant vitamins and minerals on the erythrocyte concentrations of zinc and copper in rabbits after exposure to X-rays. The animals were divided into two experimental and one control group (CG). The first group (VG) was given daily oral doses of vitamins E and C; supplemental amounts of managanese, zinc, and copper were mixed with the feed and given to the second group of experimental animals (MG). Blood samples were taken from all groups before and after 4 wk of vitamin and mineral administration and after irradiation with a total dose of 550-rad X-rays. The administration of minerals caused the most significant increases of Zn and Cu. Even after irradiation, the zinc levels in the irradiated animals were higher than in the nonirradiated vitamin-supplemented animals (p<0.05). The results suggest that supplementation with antioxidant vitamins and minerals may have a protective effect against X-ray-induced damage.     

微量元素营养对桉树无性系苗木叶绿素及荧光参数影响

研究了不同微量元素营养液,对栽培的三种桉树无性系苗木叶绿素及荧光参数变化。结果表明:各无性系苗木在全部测试性状的差异表现出极显著。在六个测试的微量元素因子中,Fe(B)显著地影响苗木的Fo、Fm、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm,Zn(C)显著地影响Fo、Fv/Fm,Mn(D)显著地影响叶绿素含量(SPAD值),Mo(F)显著地影响叶绿素含量、Fo,B(G)显著地影响叶绿素含量Fo、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm。相关分析表明Fm与Fo、Fv/Fo与Fo、叶绿素含量与Fo、Fm、Fv/Fm与Fv/Fo均存在显著的相关性。随着微量元素Fe、Zn、Cu、Mo、B浓度增大,Fo、Fv/Fm均呈增大趋势,但在不利的高浓度环境下,Fv/Fm降低。对三个无性系叶绿素荧光比较,U₆与DH_32-29具有高的Fo、Fm和低的Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo,DH_201-2却具有低的Fo、Fm和高的Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo。对微量元素浓度变化,DH_32-29较敏感。因此,叶绿素荧光参数可作为诊断植物微量元素营养状况的指标之一。     

蒺藜等六种材料中微量元素对糖基化终产物形成影响的模糊聚类分析

利用乙二醛、果糖和葡萄糖为还原剂,分别与牛血清白蛋白孵育制备糖基化终产物(Advanced Glycation End Products,AGEs),测试蒺藜等提取物对AGEs形成的干预作用,同时采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(In-ductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry,简称ICP-AES)测定铜、镁、锌、锰、铬、钼、钒的含量,运用模糊聚类分析探讨这几种材料中微量元素与其药效的相关性。结果显示几种材料对AGEs的形成有抑制作用,刺梨黄酮和沙棘果渣黄酮的作用效果接近;相关系数λ=0.75时,上述两种物质聚类相似。研究提示,中药中有机成分、微量元素的种类和含量与其药效密切相关。