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Colin R. Muirhead Timothy D. Cheetham Simon Court Michael Begon Richard J. Q. McNally 《PloS one》2013,8(4)
Background
Previous studies have indicated that type 1 diabetes may have an infectious origin. The presence of temporal clustering—an irregular temporal distribution of cases—would provide additional evidence that occurrence may be linked with an agent that displays epidemicity. We tested for the presence and form of temporal clustering using population-based data from northeast England.Materials and Methods
The study analysed data on children aged 0–14 years diagnosed with type 1 diabetes during the period 1990–2007 and resident in a defined geographical region of northeast England (Northumberland, Newcastle upon Tyne, and North Tyneside). Tests for temporal clustering by time of diagnosis were applied using a modified version of the Potthoff-Whittinghill method.Results
The study analysed 468 cases of children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. There was highly statistically significant evidence of temporal clustering over periods of a few months and over longer time intervals (p<0.001). The clustering within years did not show a consistent seasonal pattern.Conclusions
The study adds to the growing body of literature that supports the involvement of infectious agents in the aetiology of type 1 diabetes in children. Specifically it suggests that the precipitating agent or agents involved might be an infection that occurs in “mini-epidemics”. 相似文献2.
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Although spermatogonial stem cell niches have been defined in lower organisms, their definitive localization in mammalian seminiferous tubules has been elusive. In a recent Science paper, Yoshida et al. (2007) elegantly demonstrated a vascular and interstitial tissue-associated niche for undifferentiated spermatogonia in the mouse. 相似文献
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Amy Kennedy Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar Myriam Chimen Terence T. Pang Karla Hemming Rob C. Andrews Parth Narendran 《PloS one》2013,8(3)
Objective
Whilst regular exercise is advocated for people with type 1 diabetes, the benefits of this therapy are poorly delineated. Our objective was to review the evidence for a glycaemic benefit of exercise in type 1 diabetes.Research Design and Methods
Electronic database searches were carried out in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane’s Controlled Trials Register and SPORTDiscus. In addition, we searched for as yet unpublished but completed trials. Glycaemic benefit was defined as an improvement in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Both randomised and non-randomised controlled trials were included.Results
Thirteen studies were identified in the systematic review. Meta-analysis of twelve of these (including 452 patients) demonstrated an HbA1c reduction but this was not statistically significant (standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.25; 95% CI, −0.59 to 0.09).Conclusions
This meta-analysis does not reveal evidence for a glycaemic benefit of exercise as measured by HbA1c. Reasons for this finding could include increased calorie intake, insulin dose reductions around the time of exercise or lack of power. We also suggest that HbA1c may not be a sensitive indicator of glycaemic control, and that improvement in glycaemic variability may not be reflected in this measure. Exercise does however have other proven benefits in type 1 diabetes, and remains an important part of its management. 相似文献6.
A Genomewide Search for Type 2 Diabetes–Susceptibility Genes in Indigenous Australians 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Frances Busfield David L. Duffy Janine B. Kesting Shelley M. Walker Paul K. Lovelock David Good Heather Tate Denise Watego Maureen Marczak Noel Hayman Joanne T. E. Shaw 《American journal of human genetics》2002,70(2):349-357
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes among Australian residents is 7.5%; however, prevalence rates up to six times higher have been reported for indigenous Australian communities. Epidemiological evidence implicates genetic factors in the susceptibility of indigenous Australians to type 2 diabetes and supports the hypothesis of the "thrifty genotype," but, to date, the nature of the genetic predisposition is unknown. We have ascertained clinical details from a community of indigenous Australian descent in North Stradbroke Island, Queensland. In this population, the phenotype is characterized by severe insulin resistance. We have conducted a genomewide scan, at an average resolution of 10 cM, for type 2 diabetes-susceptibility genes in a large multigeneration pedigree from this community. Parametric linkage analysis undertaken using FASTLINK version 4.1p yielded a maximum two-point LOD score of +2.97 at marker D2S2345. Multipoint analysis yielded a peak LOD score of +3.9 <1 cM from marker D2S2345, with an 18-cM 3-LOD support interval. Secondary peak LOD scores were noted on chromosome 3 (+1.8 at recombination fraction [theta] 0.05, at marker D3S1311) and chromosome 8 (+1.77 at theta=0.0, at marker D8S549). These chromosomal regions are likely to harbor novel susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes in the indigenous Australian population. 相似文献
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Although elevated cortisol levels may be found in diabetes, cortisol's role in diabetes-associated cognitive impairment is unclear. A recent study (Stranahan et al., 2008) shows that reducing glucocorticoid levels in rodent diabetes models prevents cognitive deficits and enhances neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. The clinical relevance of these intriguing findings remains undetermined. 相似文献
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Studies show poor glycemic control is associated with increased risk of dementia among patients with Type 2 diabetes, indicating potential for prevention of dementia with improved glycemia. Emerging evidence suggests that a relationship between short-term glycemic control and cognitive function exists in Type 2 diabetes. However, detailed mechanisms relating diabetic dementia are lacking, as other concurrent conditions, such as depression, may also increase the risk of dementia in Type 2 diabetes. We examined the effects of glycemic control and depression on cognitive function in 88 patients (mean age, 67 ± 4 years) whose A1c (glycosylated hemoglobin) levels, comorbid depression, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores were recorded at baseline. Seventeen patients had depression; 14 agreed on anti-depressants. In 6 months, 69 patients reached A1c goal of < 7% (A1c from 9.7 ± 0.8 to 6.4 ± 0.3) while cognition improved significantly (MMSE scored from 20.2 ± 3.5 to 26.2 ± 2.1, p < 0.05). Cognitive increment in controlled diabetes was more consistently observed if their underlying depression was effectively treated (n ? 14). Nineteen patients did not reach A1c goal of < 7% (A1c from 9.6 ± 0.9 to 8.9 ± 0.9) while cognitive increment was minimal (MMSE scored from 20.6 ± 4.9 to 21.3 ± 5.1, p > 0.05). Cognitive decrements were observed among depressed diabetics who refused anti-depressants. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age, education, alcohol use, and other variables yielded similar results. We found controlled glycemia and depression prevent cognitive decline. Further research into mechanisms of cognitive impairment in diabetes may allow us to challenge the concept of dementia in those patients as an irremediable disease. 相似文献
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Gang Zhao Gitanjali Dharmadhikari Kathrin Maedler Michael Meyer-Hermann 《PLoS computational biology》2014,10(8)
Increasing evidence of a role of chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes progression has led to the development of therapies targeting the immune system. We develop a model of interleukin-1β dynamics in order to explain principles of disease onset. The parameters in the model are derived from in vitro experiments and patient data. In the framework of this model, an IL-1β switch is sufficient and necessary to account for type 2 diabetes onset. The model suggests that treatments targeting glucose bear the potential of stopping progression from pre-diabetes to overt type 2 diabetes. However, once in overt type 2 diabetes, these treatments have to be complemented by adjuvant anti-inflammatory therapies in order to stop or decelerate disease progression. Moreover, the model suggests that while glucose-lowering therapy needs to be continued all the way, dose and duration of the anti-inflammatory therapy needs to be specifically controlled. The model proposes a framework for the discussion of clinical trial outcomes. 相似文献
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Marcela Brissova Rachana Haliyur Diane Saunders Shristi Shrestha Chunhua Dai David M. Blodgett Rita Bottino Martha Campbell-Thompson Radhika Aramandla Gregory Poffenberger Jill Lindner Fong Cheng Pan Matthias G. von Herrath Dale L. Greiner Leonard D. Shultz May Sanyoura Louis H. Philipson Mark Atkinson Alvin C. Powers 《Cell reports》2018,22(10):2667-2676
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Sam Nordfeldt Teresia ?ngarne-Lindberg Maria Nordwall Joakim Ekberg Carina Berter? 《PloS one》2013,8(6)
Background
Continued refinement of resources for patient information, education and support is needed. Considering the rapid development of new communication practices, the perspectives of young people themselves warrant more attention using a wide research focus. The purpose of this study was to understand information-seeking behaviours, Internet use and social networking online in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). This applied to their everyday life, including the context of diabetes and their experiences and need of contact with T1DM peers.Methodology/Principal Findings
Twenty-four adolescents aged 10–17 years with T1DM were recruited from a county hospital in the south-east of Sweden. Qualitative data were obtained using eight focus groups, wherein each participant engaged in a 60–90 minute video/audio-recorded session. The focus group data were transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Some demographic and medical information was also collected. The three main categories that were identified; Aspects of Security, Updating, and Plainness and their sub-categories gave significant information about how to enhance information retrieval and peer contacts related to T1DM. Regarding the persons'' information-seeking behaviour, Internet use, and use of social media some differences could be identified depending on gender and age.Conclusions/Significance
Sensitivity and adaptation to users'' needs and expectations seem crucial in the development of future online resources for adolescents with T1DM. To start with, this could mean applying a wider range of already existing information and communication technologies. Health practitioners need to focus on the areas of security of information and communication, frequency of updating, and simplicity of design-less is more. 相似文献14.
Statistics in Biosciences - In youth with Type 1 diabetes, adherence to medical treatment regimens requires the involvement of both parent and child. A clinic-integrated behavioral intervention in... 相似文献
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Lorenzo C Serrano-Ríos M Martínez-Larrad MT Gonzalez-Villalpando C Williams K Gabriel R Stern MP Haffner SM 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2007,15(5):1294-1301
Objective: Obesity drives the diabetes epidemic. However, it is not known which obesity index best explains variations in type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence across populations. Research Methods and Procedures: We analyzed three cross‐sectional studies from San Antonio, TX, (Mexican‐Americans and non‐Hispanic whites, n = 2839), Mexico City (n = 2233), and Spain (n = 2161) (age range, 35 to 64 years). We used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) to assess performance for identifying diabetic subjects and logistic regression analysis to examine differences in diabetes prevalence. Results: AUCs for waist circumference and BMI were similar in white subjects, but the AUC for waist circumference was greater in Mexican‐origin subjects (Mexican men, 0.594 vs. 0.549, p = 0.008; and women, 0.605 vs. 0.557, p = 0.002; Mexican‐American men, 0.648 vs. 0.600, p < 0.001; and women, 0.744 vs. 0.693, p < 0.001). The AUC for waist‐to‐height ratio tended to be greater than that for waist circumference, but statistical significance was demonstrated only in Mexican women (0.628 vs. 0.613, p = 0.044), Mexican‐American women (0.774 vs. 0.758, p < 0.001), and Spanish women (0.734 vs. 0.715, p = 0.039). No obesity index was consistently superior to the others for explaining differences in diabetes prevalence among populations. Conclusions: In white and Mexican‐origin men, waist circumference may be the preferred marker for identifying diabetic subjects on account of its simplicity; in women, waist‐to‐height ratio may be better. Differences in diabetes prevalence among these populations cannot be attributed to a single measure of obesity. 相似文献
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Taurine is a semiessential amino acid, and its deficiency is involved in retinal and cardiac degenerations. In recent years, it was found that diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with taurine, and many in vivo experimental studies showed that taurine administration is able to reduce the alterations induced by DM in the retina, lens, and peripheral nerve, although its effects on diabetic kidney are dubious. Interestingly, long-term taurine supplementation reduces the mortality rate in diabetic rats. The mechanisms by which taurine exerts beneficial effects in DM are discussed below. Recently, it has been suggested that taurine deficiency may alter the endocrine pancreas "fetal programming," increasing the risk of insulin resistance in adult life. The bulk of experimental data suggests that taurine administration could be useful in the treatment of type 1 DM and in the prevention of insulin resistance. 相似文献
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《Endocrine practice》2015,21(12):1442-1444
Abbreviations:GLP-1 = glucagon-like peptide-1HbA1c = glycated hemoglobinRCT = randomized controlled trialSGLT-2 = sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 相似文献
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