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1.
In this paper, spectral and structural characterizations of a new dinuclear copper(II) complex (1), formulated as [Cu2(3-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline)2(μ-oxalate)(DMF)2](ClO4)2 (DMF = N,N′-dimethylformamide), have been described. Two five-coordinate copper(II) centers are bridged by a four-dentate oxalate dianion forming a planar molecular geometry with the Cu-Cu separation of 5.117(4) Å. The two ligands in 1 adopt a trans configuration to each other and two monodentate DMF molecules are positioned at each side of the molecular plane. In addition, typical π-π stacking interactions are found between adjacent phenanthroline and thiophene rings forming a layered packing structure. A compressed pyramidal configurational alteration is observed for each copper(II) center when the temperature is decreased from 291(2) to 100(2) K.  相似文献   

2.
A facile synthetic procedure has been used to prepare one five-coordinate and four six-coordinate copper(II) complexes of 4′-chloro-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (tpyCl) ligand with different counterions (, , , , and ) in high yields. They are formulated as [Cu(tpyCl-κ3N,N,N′′)(SO4-κO)(H2O-κO)] · 2H2O (1), trans-[Cu(tpyCl-κ3N,N,N″)(NO3-κO)2(H2O-κO)] (2), [Cu(tpyCl-κ3N,N,N″)2](BF4)2 (3), [Cu(tpyCl-κ3N,N,N″)2](PF6)2 (4) and [Cu(tpyCl-κ3N,N,N″)2](ClO4)2 (5) and versatile interactions in supramolecular level including coordinative bonding, O-H?O, O-H?Cl, C-H?F, and C-H?Cl hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking play essential roles in forming different frameworks of 1-5. It is concluded that the difference of coordination abilities of the counterions used and the experimental conditions codominate the resulting complexes with 1:1 or 1:2 ratio of metal and ligand.  相似文献   

3.
The metal binding ability of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (3′,5′-cAMP) molecule using copper(II) ion, as an example of biologically available divalent metal ion, was investigated by potentiometry, EPR and differential spectroscopy (UV-Vis, CD). One complex with stoichiometry Cu(3′,5′-cAMP)+ was found, where Cu(II) ion is bound by N-7 nitrogen of adenine moiety.  相似文献   

4.
Syntheses, spectroscopic and structural characterizations of a series of Cu(I)-phenanthroline complexes are reported. A single crystal X-ray structure determination is recorded for CuNO3:dmp:MeCN (1:1:1), ‘dmp’ = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, showing it to be isomorphous with its previously studied tetrafluoroborate, perchlorate and hexafluorophosphate, and silver(I) perchlorate counterparts, the metal atom lying in a trigonal planar [(NN)Cu(NCMe)] coordination environment, the anion not being coordinated. Structure (re-) determinations are also reported for a number of salts of the [Cu(dmp)2]+ cation: the perchlorate, isomorphous with numerous other salts, not only of copper(I), but also lithium(I)), also the unsolvated nitrate, and a solvated form of the chloride.  相似文献   

5.
New binary copper(II) complexes [Cu(4-mphen)2(NO3)]NO3·H2O (1), [Cu(5-mphen)2 (NO3)]NO3·H2O (2), the known complex [Cu(dmphen)2(NO3)]NO3 (3) and [Cu(tmphen)2 (NO3)]NO3·H2O (4) - (4-mphen: 4-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 5-mphen: 5-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline, dmphen: 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, tmphen: 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), have been synthesized and characterized by CHN analysis, ESI-MS, FTIR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Interaction of these complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) has been investigated by absorption spectral titration, ethidium bromide (EB) and Hoechst 33,258 displacement assay and thermal denaturation measurement. These complexes cleaved pUC19 plasmid DNA in the absence and presence of an external agent. Notably, in the presence of H2O2 as an activator, the cleavage abilities of these complexes are obviously enhanced at low concentration. Addition of hydroxyl radical scavengers like DMSO shows significant inhibition of the DNA cleavage activity of these complexes. BSA quenching mechanism was investigated with regard to the type of quenching, binding constant, number of binding locations and the thermodynamic parameters. The experimental results suggested that the probable quenching mechanism was an unusual static process and hydrophobic forces play a dominant role. The CT-DNA and BSA binding efficiencies of these complexes follow the order: 4 > 3 > 1 > 2. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicities of these complexes on tumor cells lines (Caco-2, MCF-7 and A549) and healthy cell line (BEAS-2B) showed that these complexes exhibited anticancer activity with low IC50 values. The effect of hydrophobicity of the methyl-substituted phenanthrolines on DNA and protein binding activities of these complexes is discussed.  相似文献   

6.
The preparation, crystal structure and variable temperature-magnetic investigation of three 2-(2′-pyridyl)imidazole-containing chromium(III) complexes of formula PPh4[Cr(pyim)(C2O4)2]·H2O (1), AsPh4[Cr(pyim)(C2O4)2]·H2O (2) and [Cr2(pyim)2(C2O4)2(OH2)2]·2pyim · 6H2O (3) [pyim = 2-(2′-pyridyl)imidazole, , and ] are reported herein. The isomorphous compounds are made up of discrete [Cr(pyim)(C2O4)2] anions, cations [X = P (1) and As (2)] and uncoordinated water molecules. The chromium environment in 1 and 2 is distorted octahedral with Cr-N and Cr-O bond distances varying in the ranges 2.040(3)-2.101(3) and 1.941(3)-1.959(3) Å, respectively. The angle subtended by the chromium(III) ion by the two didentate oxalate ligands cover the range 82.49(12)-82.95(12)°, values which are somewhat greater than those concerning the chelating pyim molecule [77.94(13) (1) and 78.50(13)° (2)]. Complex 3 contains discrete centrosymmetric [Cr2(pyim)2(C2O4)2(OH)2] neutral units where the two chromium(III) ions are joined by a di-μ-hydroxo bridge, the oxalate and pyim groups acting as peripheral didentate ligands. Uncoordinated water and pyim molecules are also present in 3 and they contribute to the stabilization of its structure by extensive hydrogen bonding and π-π type interactions. The values of the intramolecular chromium-chromium separation and angle at the hydroxo bridge in 3 are 2.9908(12) Å and 99.60(16)°, respectively. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of 1-3 in the temperature range 1.9-300 K show the occurrence of weak inter- (1 and 2) and intramolecular (3) antiferromagnetic couplings. The magnetic properties of 3 have been interpreted in terms of a temperature-dependent exchange integral, small changes of the angle at the hydroxo bridge upon cooling being most likely responsible for this peculiar magnetic behavior.  相似文献   

7.
Cu(BZA)(2)(EtOH)(0.5) (1) was generated by the reaction of copper(II) hydroxide with benzoic acid (BZAH). [Cu(TBZH)(2)(BZA)](BZA).0.5TBZH.H(2)O (2) and [Cu(2-PyBZIMH)(2-PyBZIM)(BZA)].1.66EtOH (3) were obtained when 1 reacted with Thiabendazole (TBZH) and 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole (2-PyBZIMH), respectively. [Cu(BZA)(2)(phen)(H(2)O)] (4) was isolated from the reaction of benzoic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) with copper(II)acetate dihydrate. Molecular structures of 2, 3 and 4 were determined crystallographically. 2 and 3 are hydrogen bonded dimers and trimers, respectively. The copper centres in complexes 2 and 3 are bis-chelate derivatives that have N(4)O ligation and their geometry is very similar being approximately square-pyramidal. However whereas in complex 2 both TBZH ligands are neutral in 3 one of the 2-PyBZIMH chelators is deprotonated on each copper. The structural results for 4 represent a re-examination of this crystallographically known compound for which no hydrogen atom coordinates have been previously reported. It crystallises as a hydrogen bonded dimmer and is a mono-chelate of phen with each copper centre possessing N(2)O(3) ligation and square pyramidal geometry. The catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of the four complexes along with those of the known phenanthroline complexes [Cu(mal)(phen)(2)] and [Cu(phendione)(3)](ClO(4))(2) (malH(2)=malonic acid and phendione=1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione) were investigated. Complexes 1-4, the metal free ligands and a simple copper(II) salt were assessed for their cancer chemotherapeutic potential against the hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G(2)) and kidney adenocarcinoma (A-498) cell lines. TBZH, 2-PyBZIMH and benzoic acid when uncoordinated to a metal centre offer poor chemotherapeutic potential. copper(II) benzoate is significantly more active than the free acid. The bis-chelate derivatives [Cu(TBZH)(2)(BZA)](BZA).0.5TBZH.H(2)O (2) and [Cu(2-PyBZIMH)(2-PyBZIM)(BZA)].1.66EtOH (3) elicit a significant cytotoxic response to the cancer cell lines tested. Replacing TBZH and 2-PyBZIMH with phen to give [Cu(BZA)(2)(phen)(H(2)O)] (4) does not significantly increase the anti-cancer activity.  相似文献   

8.
A new set of supramolecular complexes, [Ni(DPAP-SHZ)(2,2′-bipy)CH3OH] (1), [Zn(DPAP-SHZ)(2,2′-bipy)CH3OH] (2) and [Cu(DPAP-SHZ)(2,2′-bipy)] · 2CH2Cl2 (3) (DPAP-SHZ = 1,3-diphenyl-4-(salicylidene hydrazide)-acetyl-pyrazolone-5, 2,2′-bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, TG-DTA, IR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The X-ray diffraction analyses of the complexes show that the Ni(II) ion and Zn(II) ion centers are six-coordinated while the Cu(II) ion center is five-coordinated. The three supramolecular complexes contain the same ligands, namely DPAP-SHZ and 2,2′-bipy. However, their hydrogen bonds are significantly different, and this variation apparently is responsible for the dissimilar structures of the three supramolecular complexes.  相似文献   

9.
Two kinds of Cu(II) complexes having 2,2′-bipyridine derivatives with two 1-naphthoylamide groups or two ethyl dimethylmalonylamide moieties at 6 and 6′ positions as ligands were prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography and spectroscopic methods. Those ligands bound to the Cu(II) centers in a tetradentate fashion including two amide oxygen atoms in the equatorial planes. Those complexes were found to recognize carboxylic acids as guest molecules by coordination and additional non-covalent interactions, including intramolecular π-π interactions or hydrogen bonding.  相似文献   

10.
A series of ruthenium (II) complexes of formulae trans-[Ru(PPh3)2(L′H)2](ClO4)2 (1), [Ru(bpy)(L′H)2](ClO4)2 (2), [Ru(bpy)2(L′H)](ClO4)2 (3), cis-[Ru(DMSO)2(L′H)2]Cl2 (4), and [Ru(L′H)3](PF6)2 (5) (where L′H = 2-(2′-benzimidazolyl)pyridine) have been synthesized by reaction of the appropriate ruthenium precursor with 1,2-bis(2′-pyridylmethyleneimino)benzene (L). The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, spectroscopic and electrochemical data. All the complexes were found to be diamagnetic and hence metal is in +2 oxidation state. The molecular structure of trans-[Ru(PPh3)2(L′H)2](ClO4)2 has been determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The molecular structure shows that Ru(II) is at the center of inversion of an octahedron with N4P2 coordination sphere. The ligand acts as a bidentate N,N′donor. The electronic spectra of the complexes display intense MLCT bands in the visible region.Cyclic voltammetric studies show quasi-reversible oxidative response at 0.99-1.32 V (vs Ag/AgCl reference electrode) due to Ru(III)/Ru(II) couple.  相似文献   

11.
The reaction of MCl2 · 2H2O (M = Cu, Zn) with 2,3,5,6-tetra(2-pyridyl)pyrazine (tppz) (referred hereafter as L) in 2:1 molar ratio in acetonitrile at room temperature afforded binuclear complexes [M23-L)Cl4] [Cu (1), Zn (2)] where the ligand is bis-tridentate manner. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, FAB-MS, IR, EPR, NMR and electronic spectral studies. Solid state structures of both the [Cu23-L)Cl4] · 5H2O (1), [Zn23-L)Cl4] · H2O (2) have been determined by single crystal X-ray analyses. A well-resolved uudd cyclic water tetramer and water monomer were reported in the crystal host of [Cu23-L)Cl4] · 5H2O (1) and [Zn23-L)Cl4] · H2O (2) showing the contribution of the water cluster to the stability of the crystal host 1 and 2.  相似文献   

12.
The reactions of 4-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-6-phenyl-2,2′-bipyridine (HL) with three metal salts of platinum(II), copper(I) and zinc(II) provide the new complexes [Pt(L)(PPh3)]ClO4 (1), [Cu(HL)2]BF4 (2), [Cu(HL)(PPh3)]BF4 (3) and [Zn(HL)2](ClO4)2 (4). All the structures of these four complexes have been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, and their spectroscopic properties were investigated. Especially for complex 1, upon protonation, the excited state can be tuned from the intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) to the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT), and such switching in the excited state is acid/base reversible. The time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculation was used to interpret the absorption spectra of complex 1, and the calculated result is consistent with those of experiments results. In contrast with 1, the lowest energy absorption at 410-650 nm of complexes 2 and 3 can be assigned to MLCT excited state. In solid state or solution complex 4 exhibits intense photoluminescence attributed to a ILCT transition in nature.  相似文献   

13.
Tris(triazolyl)borate (Ttz) ligands are sterically similar to tris(pyrazolyl)borate (Tp) but complexes of Ttz show improved solubility in water and alcohols due to their propensity for forming hydrogen bonds. Recently developed bulky tris(triazolyl)borate ligands can produce four and five coordinate transition metal complexes and serve as models for enzyme active sites in an aqueous environment. Herein we report the synthesis of such complexes, i.e. (TtztBu,Me)ZnCl, (TtztBu,Me)ZnBr, (TtztBu,Me)NiCl, and (TtztBu,Me)CuCl, which were analyzed by X-ray crystallographic and spectroscopic methods [TtztBu,Me = tris(3-t-butyl-5-methyl-1,2,4-triazolyl)borate]. (TtztBu,Me)ZnCl crystallizes as two different polymorphs with cubic and monoclinic symmetry. Both polymorphs of (TtztBu,Me)ZnCl and (TtztBu,Me)ZnBr have tetrahedral zinc atoms whereas the geometries at the metal in (TtztBu,Me)NiCl and (TtztBu,Me)CuCl are distorted tetrahedral. All complexes are methanol soluble and they also dissolve in methanol/water mixtures with up to 60% water.  相似文献   

14.
Three new supramolecular complexes based on a 2-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole (Hpbi) and a series of Cd(II) salts have been solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Reaction of CdCl2·2.5H2O with Hpbi afforded a one-dimensional chain [Cd(Hpbi)Cl2] (1), which exhibits a three-dimensional (3-D) supramolecular architecture through intermolecular X-H···Cl (X = N and C) hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions. When using CdBr2·4H2O instead of CdCl2·2.5H2O under similar reaction conditions, a bisnuclear complex [Cd(Hpbi)2Br2] (2) is obtained, which obviously exhibits intermolecular X-H···Br (X = N and C) hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions. When CdI2 take place of CdCl2·2.5H2O, a mononuclear complex, [Cd(Hpbi)2I2] (3), is isolated, which shows a 3D supramolecule framework formed by intermolecule hydrogen bonds and π-π packing interactions. Interestingly, the Hpbi ligand exhibits the same coordination modes in complexes 1-3. It is noteworthy that the radius of anions plays an important role in affecting the structures and luminescent intensity of the final products. The TGA for 1-3 have been investigated and discussed in detail.  相似文献   

15.
The mixed-ligand complexes of manganese(II) of formula [Mn(pyim)2(C5O5)] (1) and [Mn(pyim)(H2O)(C5O5)]n · 2.5nH2O (2) [pyim = 2-(2-pyridyl)imidazole and  = croconate (dianion of 4,5-dihydroxy-4-cyclopentene-1,2,3-trione)] have been prepared and their structures determined by X-ray crystallographic methods. Compound 1 is a tris-chelated mononuclear complex where the manganese atom is six-coordinate: four nitrogen atoms from two pyim molecules and two oxygen atoms from a croconate group build a somewhat distorted octahedral surrounding around the metal atom. The resulting neutral mononuclear units are linked to each other through double bridges which are constituted by the imidazole N-H and the metal-coordinated croconate-oxygen atom, the metal-metal separation through this supramolecular pathway being 7.6856(11) Å. Compound 2 is a croconato-bridged manganese(II) uniform chain with an intrachain metal-metal distance of 7.5118(9) Å. A bidentate pyim group, a water molecule and four oxygen atoms from two bis-bidentate croconate ligands build an irregular seven-coordination polyhedron around each manganese atom in 2. The investigation of the magnetic properties of 2 in the temperature range 1.9-295 K has shown the occurrence of a weak antiferromagnetic interaction [J = −0.066 cm−1 with the Hamiltonian defined as H = −i Si · Si+1] through the bis-bidentate croconate. The ability of the bis-chelating croconate to mediante magnetic interactions between paramagnetic first-row transition metal ions is discussed and compared to that of the related oxalate ligand.  相似文献   

16.
In contrast to the comprehensive structural information about metal complexes with adenine, the corresponding to its isomer 2-aminopurine (H2AP) is extremely poor. With the aim to rationalize the metal binding pattern of H2AP, we report the molecular and/or crystal structure of four novel compounds with various iminodiacetate-like (IDA-like) copper(II) chelates: [Cu(IDA)(H2AP)(H2O)]·H2O (1), [Cu(MIDA)(H2AP)(H2O)]·3H2O (2), {[Cu(NBzIDA)(H2AP)]·1.5H2O}n (3) and [Cu(MEBIDA)(H2AP)(H2O)]·3.5 H2O (4), where IDA, MIDA, NBzIDA and MEBIDA are R = H, CH3, benzyl- and p-tolyl- in R-N-(CH2-COO-)2 ligands, respectively. Synthesis strategies include direct reactions of copper(II) chelates with H2AP (alone, for 1 and 3) and/or with the base pairs H2AP:thymine (1-4) or H2AP:cytosine (3). Moreover, these compounds have been also investigated by spectral and thermal methods. Regardless of the N-derivative of the IDA chelator, molecular recognition between H2AP and the referred Cu(II)-chelates only displays the formation of the Cu-N7(purine-like) bond what is clearly in contrast to what was previously reported for adenine. The metal binding pattern of 2-aminopurine is discussed on the basis of the electronic effects and steric hindrance of the 2-amino exocyclic group.  相似文献   

17.
Two copper(II) tricyanomethanide (tcm) complexes with 2,2′-bipyrimidine (bpym) as co-ligands Cu4(bpym)5(tcm)8 · 2H2O (1) and [Cu2(bpym)2(tcm)4 · H2O]n (2) have been synthesized, and structurally and magnetically characterized. Compound 1 displays a tetranuclear structure, in which each middle copper(II) atom is coordinated by two bridging bpym molecules and two terminal tcm ligands to form a tetragonal bipyramidal geometry, while each side copper(II) atom is surrounded by one bridging bpym, one terminal bpym, one terminal bonded tcm and one terminal weakly coordinated tcm ligands to give a square bipyramidal geometry. In 1 the four neighbouring copper(II) atoms are joined to each other by the bpym molecules, which leads to the formation of a tetranuclear structure. Compound 2 features an infinite chain structure, in which two slightly different chains exist. In each chain the copper(II) atom is bonded to two bridging bpym molecules and two terminal tcm ligands to form a tetragonal bipyramidal geometry, the adjacent copper(II) atoms are linked each other by the bpym ligands to define an infinite chain structure. In 2 the distances between two neighbouring copper(II) atoms in one chain are different. Moreover these distances in one chain are also different from those of the other chain. Magnetic susceptibility measurements for the two complexes in the temperature range 2-300 K reveal the occurrence of significant antiferromagnetic interactions for 1 (J= −20.42 cm−1, J= −5.29 cm−1 and g = 2.22) and 2 (T > 50 K, θ = −20.00 K, C = 0.86 cm3 mol−1 K), respectively.  相似文献   

18.
A series of Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes [Ru(bpy)2(ptdb)](ClO4)2 (1), [Ru(bpy)2(ptda)](ClO4)2 (2) and [Ru(bpy)2(ptdp)](ClO4)2 (3) with asymmetric intercalative ligands have been synthesized and characterized by EA, mass spectra, 1H NMR and cyclic voltammetry. The crystal structure of complex 1 has been determined. The DNA-binding properties of the complexes were investigated by absorption titration, luminescence spectroscopy and viscosity measurements. The experimental results suggest that all these complexes bind to DNA in an intercalation mode. The results also show that the order of DNA-binding affinities (A) of this series of complexes is A(1) < A(2) < A(3). It is further confirmed that a ligand planarity of the complexes is a very important factor in affecting the DNA-binding behaviors of such complexes. Theoretical studies for these complexes were also carried out with the density functional theory (DFT) method. The trend in the DNA-binding affinities of this series of complexes can be reasonably explained by the synthetical considerations of the calculated planarity of intercalative ligands, some frontier molecular orbital energies of the complexes and the planarity area (S) of the intercalative ligands.  相似文献   

19.
Monomeric Cu(II) complex of bis{2-[(pyridin-2-yl)methoxy] naphthalen-1-yl}methane (L) having a composition, {[Cu(L)(H2O)(ClO4)](ClO4)(CH3OH)2} (1) has been synthesized and characterized by analytical, spectral and magnetic methods and the structure has been established for the first time based on single crystal XRD. The Cu2+ center shows axially elongated octahedron with a bound water and perchlorate moieties, where two of the coordinations were long but within the van der Waals distance. The bound water, perchlorate ions and the methanol of crystallization are primarily responsible for the formation of extended lattice structure resulted from the intra-helical interactions. Complex 1 exhibit catecholase activity as studied using 3,5-di-tert-butyl catechol.  相似文献   

20.
Mixed ligand complexes: [Co(L)(bipy)] · 3H2O (1), [Ni(L)(phen)] · H2O (2), [Cu(L)(phen)] · 3H2O (3) and [Zn(L)(bipy)] · 3H2O (4), where L2− = two -COOH deprotonated dianion of N-(2-benzimidazolyl)methyliminodiacetic acid (H2bzimida, hereafter, H2L), bipy = 2,2′ bipyridine and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline have been isolated and characterized by elemental analysis, spectral and magnetic measurements and thermal studies. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies show octahedral geometry for 1, 2 and 4 and square pyramidal geometry for 3. Equilibrium studies in aqueous solution (ionic strength I = 10−1 mol dm−3 (NaNO3), at 25 ± 1 °C) using different molar proportions of M(II):H2L:B, where M = Co, Ni, Cu and Zn and B = phen, bipy and en (ethylene diamine), however, provides evidence of formation of mononuclear and binuclear binary and mixed ligand complexes: M(L), M(H−1L), M(B)2+, M(L)(B), M(H−1L)(B), M2(H−1L)(OH), (B)M(H−1L)M(B)+, where H−1L3− represents two -COOH and the benzimidazole N1-H deprotonated quadridentate (O, N, O, N), or, quinquedentate (O, N, O, N, N) function of the coordinated ligand H2L. Binuclear mixed ligand complex formation equilibria: M(L)(B) + M(B)2+ ? (B)M(H−1L)M(B)+ + H+ is favoured with higher π-acidity of the B ligands. For Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II), these equilibria are accompanied by blue shift of the electronic absorption maxima of M(II) ions, as a negatively charged bridging benzimidazolate moiety provides stronger ligand field than a neutral one. Solution stability of the mixed ligand complexes are in the expected order: Co(II) < Ni(II) < Cu(II) > Zn(II). The Δ log KM values are less negetive than their statistical values, indicating favoured formation of the mixed ligand complexes over the binary ones.  相似文献   

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