深山含笑叶片的挥发油成分及其生物活性研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法及GC-MS联用技术提取并分析了深山含笑(Michelia maudiae Dunn)叶片的挥发油成分,并用杯碟法和Alamar blue法检测了其抑菌和抗肿瘤生物活性。从深山含笑挥发油中共分离出45种化合物,并鉴定出其中37种化合物,占挥发油总相对含量的97.8%;挥发油主要成分有莰烯(16.575%)、β-蒎烯(15.857%)、D-柠檬烯(12.653%)、丁香烯(11.923%)、1R-α-蒎烯(6.855%)及橙花叔醇(5.199%)等。该挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphalococus aureus Rosenbach)和红酵母(Rhodotorula glutinisTrans.)有一定的抑制能力;对人非小细胞肺癌细胞(NCI-H460)有较强的抑制作用,浓度为100 mg.L-1,抑制率可达98.89%以上。     

红豆树叶挥发油化学成分及其抗氧化和抑菌活性研究

为探究红豆树叶挥发油的化学组成及其生物活性,本研究首次采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取红豆树叶挥发油,并通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析其化学成分,结合DPPH和ABTS法及抑菌圈法,评价其体外抗氧化和抑菌活性。结果表明,从红豆树叶挥发油中共检测出化合物36个,占挥发油总量的90.50%;挥发油主要成分为1,4-二十烷二烯(25.72%)、1,19-二十烷二烯(10.85%)、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(10.14%)、邻苯二甲酸正丁基异丁基酯(9.75%)、(Z,Z)-6,9-二十烷二烯(7.60%)、(E,E)-α-金合欢烯(7.51%)、叶醇(4.74%)和2-异丙烯基-5-甲基-6-庚烯-1-醇(4.04%)。红豆树叶挥发油对DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除作用的半数有效量(ED₅₀)分别为0.27、0.14 mg/mL,且抗氧化活性与挥发油浓度呈量效相关。红豆树叶挥发油浓度为7.1 mg/mL时,其对枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)的抑菌圈分别为11.29、9.88、10.85和11.03 mm。本研究为红豆树叶资源的综合开发利用提供了理论基础。     

泡桐花油的GC-MS分析及抑菌作用研究

本文采用索氏提取法提取泡桐花脂溶性成分,并用GC-MS联用技术对其成分进行分离鉴定.共分离出45个组分,各组分提取质谱图,经用人工解析及NIST05标准谱库检索定性,峰面积归一化法定量分析,计算出各成分的相对百分含量.其中含量较高的化学成分有3,7,11,15-四甲基十六-1,6,10,14-四烯-3-醇(14.74%)、二十三(碳)烷(5.79%)、9,19-环羊毛甾-24-烯-3-醇(5.41%)、十六(烷)酸(5.09%)、十六烷基环氧乙烷(4.93%)等.对泡桐花索氏提取后的部分进一步水提,并分别测定其脂溶性成分和水溶性成分对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抑菌作用.得知其脂溶性成分对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制作用较强,而水溶性成分则对大肠杆菌抑制作用较强.本次实验,可为泡桐花资源的进一步开发利用提供一定的理论依据.     

中药砂仁挥发油化学成分及其抗菌活性(英文)

本研究将Bligh-Dyer溶剂提取法首次应用于植物挥发油的提取,通过GC-MS方法分析,从干燥成熟的砂仁种子和果壳四种挥发油提取物中共鉴定出138种化学成分,挥发油成分主要包括乙酸龙脑酯(5%～47%)、樟脑(4%～17%)、龙脑(1.5%～6%)、莰烯(0.2%～3%)、α-蒎烯(0.2%～3%)、β-蒎烯(0.2%～5%)以及α-柯巴烯(0.1%～2%)等,其中总烯类物质相对含量占总挥发油总成分的10%～40%。从该植物中首次鉴定出蓝桉醇、二环大根香叶烯、薄荷烯醇、二十三烷、二十四烷等新的化学成分35个。所得挥发油对部分真菌及细菌的抑制试验表明其对红色毛癣菌、须毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子癣菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌均表现出显著的抑制活性。因此,砂仁不仅可作为抗菌药物应用于临床,也可以作为食品原料或天然的食品防腐剂用于食品工业的生产。     

民族药木耳菜挥发油成分和脂溶性成分GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法和索氏提取法提取木耳菜挥发油和脂溶性成分,利用GC-MS技术鉴定挥发油和脂溶性成分。鉴定出47个挥发油成分和20个脂溶性成分。其挥发油成分主要有依兰烯(7.30%)、δ-杜松烯(6.85%)、氧化石竹烯(5.90%)、1,5,9-三甲基-12-(1-甲基乙基)-4,8,13-环戊二烯并环辛四烯-1,3-二醇(5.83%)等。脂溶性成分主要有8,11-十八碳二烯酸甲酯(16.09%)、棕榈酸甲酯(12.15%)、花生酸甲酯(7.06%)、亚麻酸甲酯(7.00%)等。     

抱茎蓼挥发油成分及其抗菌活性的研究

水蒸气蒸馏法从抱茎蓼全草中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其挥发油组分进行分离和鉴定,运用气相色谱面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量,并利用正构烷烃系列物质对各组分进行定性确定,从抱茎蓼全草的挥发油中检出41个组分,占全油的99.21%,鉴定出38个组分,其主要组分是石竹烯(16.98%)、3-己烯-1-醇(14.69%)、3-辛烯-3醇(8.89%)、a-里哪醇(7.13%)、β-环柠檬醛(6.36%)等。对抱茎蓼全草的挥发油做了抗菌试验,其挥发油对大肠埃希菌(ATCC25922株)、肠炎沙门菌(50040株)、金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC25925株)有显著地抑制和灭活作用。     

云南宽叶羌活挥发油成分的GC-MS分析及应用前景探讨

运用水蒸气蒸馏法,采用新鲜植株云南宽叶羌活为材料,阴干蒸馏后得到宽叶羌活挥发油,用GC-MS对挥发油成分进行了分析鉴定,采用面积归一化法,得到各成分的相对含量,并用宽叶羌活挥发油对白色念珠菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞杆菌进行了抑菌实验.结果 表明:在云南宽叶羌活挥发油中共鉴定出60种化合物,主要有蒎烯、萜品...     

GC-MS法分析曼陀罗挥发油的化学成分

用水蒸气蒸馏法从曼陀罗中提取挥发油,并用气相色谱/质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对挥发油的化学成分进行分离鉴定,用气相色谱峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量.结果从曼陀罗挥发油中鉴定出58种化合物,占总挥发油量的92.37%.其中主要成分为5,6-二氢-6-戊基-2H-吡喃-2-酮(44.29%)、二苯胺(12.50%)、四十四烷(10.41%)、二十烷(4.19%)、(E)-3-己烯-1-醇(2.38%)、3,7,11,15-四甲基-2-十六碳烯-1-醇(2.28%)等.     

假鹰爪鲜花挥发油成分研究

分别利用顶空固相微萃取法(Head Space-Solid phase microextraction,HS-SPME)和水蒸汽蒸馏法提取了黄色假鹰爪鲜花的挥发油成分,用气-质联用技术(GC-MS)对挥发油成分进行了分析,对比了两种提取方法得到的黄色假鹰爪鲜花挥发油成分的异同.顶空固相微萃取法得到的黄色假鹰爪鲜花挥发油成分中芳樟醇(46.19%),香茅醇(3.97%),反-香叶醇(4.21%),香叶酸甲酯(26.64%),(2Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯酸乙酯(3.40%)五种物质的含量较高,其中三种醇类物质占总挥发油的54.37%;两种酯类物质占总挥发油的30.04%.水蒸汽蒸馏法得到的黄色假鹰爪鲜花挥发油成分中β-石竹烯(31.76%),α-石竹烯(8.63%),大根香叶烯D(4.65%),匙叶桉油烯醇(4.44%),α-石竹烯氧化物(12.98%)五种物质的含量较高.另外,通过对比发现不同生长期假鹰爪鲜花虽然香味差别较大,但是由水蒸汽蒸馏油得到的挥发油成分的种类及含量基本相同.     

杜虹花叶挥发油化学成分及抗氧化活性研究

采用气相色谱一质谱联用(GC-MS)对杜虹花(Callic arpa formosana Rolfe)叶挥发油的化学成分进行分析,并用DPPH法测定其抗氧化活性.结果表明,从杜虹花叶挥发油中鉴定出48种成分,占总挥发油的90.14%.其中(-)-斯巴醇(20.23%)、β-石竹烯(17.22%)、大根香叶烯(8.06%)和β-桉叶烯(5.52%)为其主要成分.此外,τ-榄香烯(4.18%)、马兜铃烯(3.78%)、异香橙烯氧化物(2.71%)及4-松油醇(2.50%)的含量也较高.抗氧化实验中,3种不同浓度的挥发油均对DPPH自由基有一定的清除能力,且有明显的量-效相关性.     

Delphinium uncinatum mediated biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and in-vitro evaluation of their antioxidant,cytotoxic, antimicrobial,anti-diabetic,anti-inflammatory,and anti-aging activities

Nanotechnology is perhaps the most widely explored scientific domain in the current era. With the advent of NPs, revolutionary changes have been observed in various scientific disciplines. Among the NPs, ZnO-NPs are the center of contemplation owing to their biocompatible nature. These nanoparticles have been prepared using a number of techniques; however, biological methods are among the most popular synthesis approaches. The current research therefore reports the phyto-fabrication of ZnO-NPs mediated by Delphinium uncinatum root extract. The resulting NPs were subjected to standard characterization methods such fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The resulting NPs are exploited to their possible antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and anti-ageing potency. FTIR confirmed the capping of ZnO-NPs by a variety of phytochemicals. ZnO-NPs average size was approximately 30 nm. ZnO-NPs exhibited substantial bio-potency and proved to be highly biocompatible even at higher concentrations. ZnO-NPs revealed strong antimicrobial potency for Pseudomonas aeruginosa proving to be the most susceptible strain showing inhibition of 16 ± 0.98. ZnO-NPs also showed dose dependent antidiabetic and cytotoxic potential. COX-1, COX-2, 15-LOX and sPLA2 were efficiently inhibited upon exposure to ZnO-NPs confirming the anti-inflammatory potential of ZnO-NPs. Similarly, ZnO-NPs also revealed considerable anti-aging potential. With such diverse biological potentials, ZnO-NPs can prove to be a potent weapon against a plethora of diseases; however, further study is necessary in order to discover the precise mechanism that is responsible for the biological potency of these NPs.     

Variation on Composition and Bioactivity of Essential Oils of Four Common Curcuma Herbs

Chemical compositions, antioxidative, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities of essential oils extracted from four common Curcuma species (Curcuma longa, Curcuma phaeocaulis, Curcuma wenyujin, and Curcuma kwangsiensis) rhizomes in P. R. China are comparatively studied. In total, 47, 49, 35, and 30 compounds are identified in C. longa, C. phaeocaulis, C. wenyujin, and C. kwangsiensis essential oils by GC/MS, and their richest compounds are ar‐turmerone (21.67%), elemenone (19.41%), curdione (40.23%) and (36.47%), respectively. Moreover, C. kwangsiensis essential oils display the strongest DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) radical‐scavenging activity (IC₅₀, 3.47 μg/ml), much higher than ascorbic acid (6.50 μg/ml). C. phaeocaulis oils show the best antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli (MIC, 235.54 μg/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (391.31 μg/ml) and Staphylococcus aureus (378.36 μg/ml), while C. wenyujin and C. kwangsiensis oils show optimum activities against Candida albicans (208.61 μg/ml) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (193.27 μg/ml), respectively. C. phaeocaulis (IC₅₀, 4.63 μg/ml) and C. longa essential oils (73.05 μg/ml) have the best cytotoxicity against LNCaP and HepG2, respectively. C. kwangsiensis oils also exhibit the strongest anti‐inflammatory activities by remarkably down‐regulating expression of COX‐2 and TNF‐α. Therefore, due to their different chemical compositions and bioactivities, traditional Chinese Curcuma herbs should be differentially served as natural additives for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic.     

The Gastrointestinal Tract Metabolism and Pharmacological Activities of Grosvenorine,a Major and Characteristic Flavonoid in the Fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii

Grosvenorine is the major flavonoid compound of the fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle ) C. Jeffrey , a medical plant endemic to China. In the present study, for the first time, the grosvenorine metabolism in an in vitro simulated human gastrointestinal tract (including artificial gastric juice, artificial intestinal juice and intestinal flora), as well as its pharmacological activities (including anti‐complement, antibacterial and antioxidant activities), was investigated. The results showed that grosvenorine was metabolized by human intestinal flora; its four metabolites were isolated by semi‐preparative HPLC and identified by NMR as kaempferitrin, afzelin, α‐rhamnoisorobin, and kaempferol. Further pharmacological evaluation showed that grosvenorine exhibited good antibacterial and antioxidant activities, with its metabolites possessing more potent activities. Although grosvenorine did not present obvious anticomplement activity, its metabolites showed interesting activities. This study revealed that intestinal bacteria play an important role in the gastrointestinal metabolism of grosvenorine and significantly affect its pharmacological activities.     

Purification, antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities of polysaccharides from papaya

Polysaccharides extracted from papaya are a group of heteropolysaccharides, and their antioxidant activities and moisture-preserving activities were investigated employing various established in vitro systems. Available data obtained with in vitro models suggested that among the three samples, the second fraction (named after P2) showed significant inhibitory effects on superoxide, hydroxyl and DPPH radical; its reducing power was also the strongest. Data also reveal that P2 has strong in vitro moisture absorption and retention capacities as compared to hyaluronic acid and glycerol. These results clearly establish the possibility that polysaccharides extracted from papaya could be effectively employed as a type of natural moisturizer. However, comprehensive studies need to be conducted in experimental animal models.     

Laserpitium zernyi Hayek Flower and Herb Extracts: Phenolic Compounds,and Anti‐edematous,Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities

Phenolic compounds and different biological activities of the dry MeOH extracts of the flowers and the herb (aerial parts without flowers) of Laserpitium zernyi Hayek (Apiaceae) were investigated. The total phenolic contents in the extracts were determined spectrophotometrically using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. In both extracts, apigenin, luteolin, their 7‐O ‐glucosides, and chlorogenic acid were detected by HPLC . Identified phenolics were quantified in both extracts, except luteolin in L . zernyi herb extract. The extracts (p.o .) were tested for anti‐edematous activity in a model of carrageenan (i.pl .) induced rat paw edema. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was assessed by FRAP assay and DPPH and ^?OH radicals scavenging tests. Antimicrobial activity was investigated using broth microdilution test against five Gram ‐positive and three Gram ‐negative bacteria, as well as against two strains of Candida albicans . The polyphenol‐richer flower extract exerted higher anti‐edematous and antioxidant activities. The herb extract exhibited better antimicrobial effect against Micrococcus luteus , Enterococcus faecalis , Bacillus subtilis , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , while against other tested microorganisms, the activity of both extracts was identical. Demonstrated biological activities of L . zernyi flower and herb extracts represent a good basis for their further investigation as potential new herbal medicinal raw materials.     

Study and Synthesis of Biologically Active Phenothiazines,their Sulfones,and Ribofuranosides

The present article describes the synthesis of new 10H-phenothiazines using the Smiles rearrangement. These synthesized phenothiazines on oxidation with 30% hydrogen peroxide in glacial acetic acid yield sulfones, and when treated with sugar give ribofuranosides. These compounds are evaluated for their anthelmintic and antimicrobial activities. The structural assignment of the synthesized compounds is made on the basis of elemental analysis and spectroscopic data.     

Seasonal determinations of extracellular hydrolytic activities in heterotrophic and mixed heterotrophic/autotrophic biofilms from two contrasting rivers

The temporal changes in extracellular enzyme activities in freshwater microbial biofilms were examined in two contrasting river sites in North Wales over a 12 month period. Sites were a first order, unshaded oligotrophic upland stream (Nant Waen) and a fourth order, mildly eutrophic river with riparian tree cover (River Clywedog). When algal populations were low, biofilms of the more eutrophic site supported greater enzyme activities and higher population densities than the oligotrophic site. Composition, concentration and origin of substrates available to the respective biofilm communities influenced extracellular processing patterns. Reduction in algal populations depressed total and extracellular activities in biofilms from the first order site, suggesting that biofilm communities here were maintained by in situ primary production. Biofilms from Nant Waen were often found to contain higher extracellular activities per cell than the more eutrophic River Clywedog biofilms, which might represent the enhanced ability of an oligotrophic biofilm to accumulate extracellular enzymes. In contrast, light and darkgrown River Clywedog biofilms were not enzymatically distinct, inferring a less important role for biofilm phototrophs. Some evidence was found for increased reliance on allochthonous substrates in the River Clywedog for biofilm maintenance.     

Chemodiversity Associated with Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activity of Piper aduncum var. ossanum

Chemical analysis, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effects of essential oils (EOs) from leaves of Piper aduncum var. ossanum from two localities Bauta (EO‐B) and Ceiba (EO‐C), Artemisa Province, Cuba, were determined. EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. EO‐B demonstrated higher activity against S. aureus and L. amazonensis; while a lower cytotoxicity on mammalian cells was observed. Both EOs displayed the same activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei, and Leishmania infantum. Both EOs were inactive against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.     

Anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative prenylated carbazole alkaloids from Clausena vestita

Twelve prenylated carbazole alkaloids, containing a novel prenylated carbazole alkaloid, named as clausevestine (1), and 11 known prenylated carbazole alkaloids (2–12), were isolated and identified from the stems and leaves of Clausena vestita, which is a Chinese endemic plant. The chemical structure of 1 was established by means of comprehensive spectroscopic data analyses and the known compounds were determined via comparing their NMR and MS data as well as optical rotation values with those reported in literature. Especially, clausevestine (1) is an unusual prenylated carbazole alkaloid possessing an unprecedented carbon skeleton holding 20 carbon atoms. The anti-inflammatory effects and antiproliferative activities of those isolated prenylated carbazole alkaloids were tested. Prenylated carbazole alkaloids 1–12 displayed remarkable inhibitory effects on NO (nitric oxide) production with IC₅₀ values equivalent to that of the positive control (hydrocortisone). Meanwhile, prenylated carbazole alkaloids 1–12 exhibited remarkable antiproliferative activities against diverse human cancer cell lines in vitro holding the IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.32 ± 0.04 to 18.76 ± 0.18 µM. These findings indicate that these prenylated carbazole alkaloids possessing remarkable anti-inflammatory effects and antiproliferative activities could be meaningful to the discovery of new anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor candidate drugs.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel hydrogen sulfide releasing glycyrrhetic acid derivatives

A series of hybrids, which are composed of glycyrrhetic acid (GA) and slowly hydrogen sulfide-releasing donor ADT-OH, were designed and synthesized to develop anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents. Most of the compounds, whose inhibitory rates were comparable to or higher than those of GA and aspirin, respectively, significantly inhibited xylene-induced ear edema in mice. Especially, compound V₄ exhibited the most potent inhibitory rate of 60.7%. Furthermore, preliminary structure–activity relationship studies demonstrated that 3-substituted GA derivatives had stronger anti-inflammatory activities than the corresponding 3-unsubstituted GA derivatives. In addition, anti-proliferative activities of compounds V_1?9 were evaluated in three different human cancer cell lines. Compound V₄ showed the most high potency against all three tumor cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 10.01?μM in Hep G2 cells to 17.8?μM in MDA-MB-231 cells, which were superior to positive GA.