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中国植物名称数据库的建设及若干问题的探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
中国植物物种信息数据库是中国科学院科学数据库参考型数据库,中国植物名称数据库(CPNI)是中国植物物种信息数据库最重要的组成部分,是中国植物物种信息数据库收录植物的目录和索引,也是其他数据库的参考和联系的桥梁。以《中国植物志》和《Flora of China》为基础数据来源,加上少量参考数据作为补充,设计建设了中国植物名称数据库,并从现有已建成同类数据库的评价、数据来源和数据组成,以及建库策略实现对中国植物名称数据库建设进行了分析和探讨。中国植物名称数据库是植物名称的参考型数据库,能够辅助植物学相关学科研究中关于植物名称的研究和利用。 相似文献
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冬虫夏草无性型研究概况* 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
文献调查结果表明与冬虫夏草有关的无性型菌种已报道有22个学名,涉及13个属。针对这些名称上存在的命名问题本文展开了讨论,并评述了不同名称与冬虫夏草的关系及其有关菌种的研究进展。在已报道的分离菌种中,作为新种正式描述的名称有8个,其中6个为合格发表,其余2个未能满足名称合格发表的条件;还有4个名称在文献中作为新种提到,但没有合格发表的出处,也有一例只提到名称而无其他要素;另有5个名称则只有属名,尚未鉴定到种的水平。中国被毛孢为多个独立的研究证明为冬虫夏草的无性型,还有3个无性型名称已被证明不可能是冬虫夏草的无性型。其他无性型名称与冬虫夏草的关系有待进一步验证。文中对与冬虫夏草有关的菌种定名、无性型分离和验证方法、复无性型现象,以及有关学名问题作了讨论。 相似文献
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我国记载的丝盖伞属Inocybe(Fr.)Fr.共有98个分类单位,包括90种5变种3变型。根据CABI数据库和《国际植物命名法规》(维也纳法规)订正了文献中的部分拉丁学名,将曾经报道的、但应作为属内异名的名称列在其正名之后,错误拼写和错误引用均在相应名称后有所说明;已组合到其他属和不合格发表的名称补充于名录之后。在以往报道的名称中有16个为属内异名,1个已被组合到其他属,5个拉丁学名存在错误拼写,1个为错误引用,4个为不合格发表名称。订正后的名录含丝盖伞属88个名称,包括78种7变种3变型,并记载了各分类群的地理分布。 相似文献
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菌物是全球生物多样性最丰富的生物类群之一, 每年有大量新物种被描述和发现, 统计和分析菌物新名称发表数据, 可实时展示菌物分类学的研究热点, 并为学科的未来发展提供参考数据。根据世界菌物名称信息库Fungal Names、Index Fungorum和MycoBank所收录的数据, 2020年全球共发表了4,996个菌物新名称, 包括652个新高阶分类单元、2,905个新种及种下单元、1,342个新组合和97个其他名称, 是历史上发表菌物新名称数量最多的一年。这些新名称隶属于12门44纲173目469科1,386属, 盘菌、小型子囊菌、地衣和伞菌是本年度最受关注的类群。来自全球的1,978位学者将上述菌物新名称发表在133个期刊的885篇论文和9部专著中, 其中669位作者是首次参与新名称发表, 是历年来新作者最多的一年。本年度发表的菌物新物种的模式标本来自世界103个国家和地区, 东亚和东南亚是新物种发现的最热点地区, 而中国是发现新物种最多的国家, 共发现663种, 占全球的23%, 是排名第二位的泰国的2.28倍。西南地区是我国新物种发现的热点地区, 云南、贵州、西藏三省区本年度发现的新物种数量占全国的44.80%。除了新物种来源, 中国学者在本年度的菌物分类学研究中取得了令人瞩目的成果, 333位中国学者参与发表了1,271个菌物新名称, 占全球新名称总数的1/4。这些菌物新名称隶属于8门24纲87目209科440属, 发表在45个期刊的258篇研究论文和1部专著中。通过上述研究发现, 全球菌物新物种发现的速度仍在加快, 命名作者和新名称发表数量在逐步增加, 研究类群规模在逐渐扩大。但菌物物种描述率仍处于较低水平, 持续、高效地发现菌物新物种将是菌物学者的重点研究方向之一。 相似文献
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Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
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肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献
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H.-R. GREGORIUS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1984,23(2-3):157-165
For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献