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2009～2011年间,利用食团分析法对乌鲁木齐市越冬长耳鸮(Asiootus)的食性进行分析.3年累计收集长耳鸮食团683份,辨认出1132只猎物.分析结果表明,长耳鸮在冬季共捕食小型哺乳类6种,鸟类2种.小家鼠(Musmusculus)是最常见的食物,占总捕食量的53.45％.小型哺乳类是长耳鸮的主要食物,它在食物组成中出现的总频率为88.16％,以生物量计,小型哺乳类占食物构成的95.13％.长耳鸮的食物组成年度间差异显著,与当地猎物资源多样性和可获得性密切相关,表明长耳鸮可能采用机会主义者的捕食策略. 相似文献
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长耳Ｈａｏ在保定市的越冬期为１８０天左右。１０月到１１月份数量逐渐增多,１２月到翌年２月份数量趋于稳定,达２４０只以上;３、４月份数量逐渐减少,通过对１０２８块食物残块的分析得出其９１．１％的食物为鼠类,月变动范围在８５．５％到９８．５％。 相似文献
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通过对河北省保定市直隶总督署博物馆越冬长耳鸮种群数量和习性的长期观察及其越冬栖息地环境因子的分析,得出如下结论:总督署博物馆虽地处保定闹市中心,但由于其建筑格局等因素影响,院内噪声值、大气中的二氧化硫、氮氧化物、总悬浮物微粒的含量明显低于院外;博物馆院内种植有多株高大的常绿乔木,为长耳鸮提供了良好的栖息、隐蔽场所;越冬长耳鸮种群数量的变动与温度有一定的对应关系;近年来在总督署博物馆大院内越冬栖息的长耳鸮数量有较大波动,且有下降趋势,这与总督署博物馆的改建、游客数量增多、食物短缺及冬季气温升高等因素有关. 相似文献
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通过对河北省保定市直隶总督署博物馆越冬长耳种群数量和习性的长期观察及其越冬栖息地环境因子的分析 ,得出如下结论 :总督署博物馆虽地处保定闹市中心 ,但由于其建筑格局等因素影响 ,院内噪声值、大气中的二氧化硫、氮氧化物、总悬浮物微粒的含量明显低于院外 ;博物馆院内种植有多株高大的常绿乔木 ,为长耳提供了良好的栖息、隐蔽场所 ;越冬长耳种群数量的变动与温度有一定的对应关系 ;近年来在总督署博物馆大院内越冬栖息的长耳数量有较大波动 ,且有下降趋势 ,这与总督署博物馆的改建、游客数量增多、食物短缺及冬季气温升高等因素有关 相似文献
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不同栖居地和越冬时期长耳鸮的食物组成 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过分析2003—2006年连续3个冬季北京城区和城郊越冬长耳鸮的食团,研究了长耳鸮食物组成的时间与空间变化特征。每月收集1次长耳鸮食团,通过其内容物分析长耳鸮食物中的猎物种类和数量构成。结果表明：城区和城郊两地长耳鸮3种主要猎物中蝙蝠的被捕食率分别为41.6%和43.0%,鼠类为27.5%和39.4%,鸟类为30.7%和18.9%;城区和城郊长耳鸮的食物构成在2004—2005年与2005—2006年的冬季存在显著差异,初冬和冬末的食物构成差异也呈显著水平;同区域的长耳鸮食物构成在年度间和不同越冬时期皆存在显著差异;两地越冬长耳鸮捕食猎物比例的差异与生存环境中猎物资源的可获得性有关。 相似文献
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通过对河北省保定市直隶 督署博物馆越冬长耳Ｘｉａｏ种群数量和习性的长期观察及其越冬栖息地环境因子的分析,得出如下结论：总督署博物馆虽地处保定闹市中心,但由于其建筑格局等因素影响,院内噪声值、大气中的二氧化硫、氮氧化物、总悬浮物微粒的含量明显低于院外;博物馆院内种植有多株高大的常绿乔木为长耳Ｘｉａｏ提供了良好的栖息、隐蔽场所;越冬长耳Ｘｉａｏ种群数量的变动与温度有一定的对应关系;近年来在总督署博物馆 相似文献
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Capsule Relatively large populations, feeding predominantly upon voles, were present at higher elevations. Aims To determine the density, productivity and diet composition of Long-eared Owls breeding at higher elevations. Methods Population census and breeding biology were investigated, and dietary analysis performed for 32 Long-eared Owl territories that were occupied over a six-year period (2000–05), in a 155 km2 study area located in the Noce Valley of the central-eastern Italian Alps. Results Territories were mainly situated at the edge of large pine forests, near large patches of grassland and/or open-structured apple orchards, at elevations ranging between 540 and 1210 m. Density varied between 10 and 15 pairs/100 km2. Mean intraspecific nest spacing averaged 1727 m and territories were either solitary or clumped in loose aggregations of one to five pairs. Mean laying date was 27 March and the mean number of fledged young was 0.95 and 2.13 per territorial and successful pair, respectively. Adults and nestlings were preyed upon by Eagle Owls Bubo bubo and Common Buzzards Buteo buteo, both of them abundant in the study area. Diet was dominated by Common Voles Microtus arvalis, complemented by Apodemus mice and thrushes. Annual variations in owl density, productivity and diet breadth varied in parallel with the occurrence of Common Voles in the diet, suggesting that the owls responded numerically to the availability of their main prey. This confirms earlier analyses on other European populations, but without the marked three- to four-year cycles observed in such areas. Conclusion The conservation status of the species in these Alpine habitats seemed currently satisfactory. However, the unregulated use of rodenticides in apple orchards and the loss of open habitats associated with land abandonment may represent long-term threats for the species in these habitats. 相似文献
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Abolghasem Khaleghizadeh Mohammad Tohidifar Seyed Babak Musavi Alireza Hashemi Ali Khani Maryam Omidi 《Zoology in the Middle East.》2013,59(3):215-219
The Long-eared Owl, Asio otus (Linnaeus, 1758), was known as a scarce wintering bird in Iran until 2010. There were altogether 25 records until the 1970s, but no data are available for the period between the 1970s and 1997. Between 1997 and 2014 there were at least 32 non-breeding and 17 breeding records available based on data of the Iran Bird Records Committee. Breeding was first confirmed in Nahavand (Hamedan Province) and has in the meantime been confirmed at 11 localities mainly in the western half of the country. The recent increase in records (from 25 records during 12 decades compared with 49 records during two decades) indicates that there has been a real increase in the numbers of Long-eared Owls occurring in Iran. 相似文献
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Capsule There is a relationship between owl numbers and the availability of the agri-forest patchwork. Aims To model habitat preferences at three different scales of two predators largely neglected within the framework of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies. Methods We studied habitat preferences of Long-eared Owls and Little Owls by comparing habitat composition around 28 and 78 occupied territories respectively with 55 non-occupied territories in Alicante (eastern Spain). Generalized linear models were used to examine patterns of habitat preference at three different spatial scales: nest-site, home range and landscape. Results At the nest-site scale, Long-eared Owls preferred wooded areas with few paved roads while Little Owls preferred arid plantations. Furthermore, the probability of finding an occupied territory increased with the proximity of another occupied territory in the surroundings. The home range scale models mirror the feeding requirements of the owls. Thus, Long-eared Owls occupied areas with high percentages of forest, arid plantations, edges between these two land uses, short distances between nests, with presence of conspecifics and little human disturbance. Little Owls occupied arid plantations with high availability of linear structures and the proximity of villages. At the landscape scale, Long-eared Owls eluded extensive forests, and Little Owls preferred arid plantations. Conclusions We suggest a hierarchical process of habitat selection for both owls regarding fitting trophic resources at the broadest scales and adequate sites for breeding and roosting at the smallest scale. EIA studies must consider that protecting small areas around single nests may not be an efficient conservation option compared with preserving clusters of territories for both species. 相似文献
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Elif Göçer 《Zoology in the Middle East.》2016,62(1):25-28
Pellets were collected under an active Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) nest in the city centre of Denizli, Turkey. The nest was located in a conifer tree in a 5.7 ha urban park, centrally-located in the city of Denizli, with a human population of 577,000 people. During April-June 2014, a total of 64 pellets containing remains of 86 individual prey items was found. All prey were Passeriformes and consisted of two species belonging to Passeridae and Hirundinidae. 78 of the 86 prey items (90.7%) were House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) and the other eight (9.3%) were House Martin (Delichon urbicum). This is one of the first studies to indicate that the Long-eared Owl's nesting season diet consists entirely of birds. The main factor affecting this result is probably the fact that the owls live in an urbanised setting. 相似文献
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《Ethology, Ecology and Evolution》2012,24(4):367-372
During winter the composition of the diet of the Long-eared Owls present at a roost varied in relation to the ground snow cover; birds and riparial rodents increased when ground cover was complete. A comparison between diet and prey availability (assessed by trapping) showed that small mammal species were mostly preyed upon in relation to their abundance; the scarce presence of Insectivores in the diet is apparently due to their reduced seasonal availability. Long-eared Owls behaved as adaptable predators; their dietary specialization in Northern Europe may be due to the great abundance of Microtinae at high latitude. 相似文献
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Arianna E. C. Ormrod Francis I. Doyle Kirstie J. Lawson Karen E. Hodges 《Ecology and evolution》2021,11(11):6248
Many food webs are affected by bottom‐up nutrient addition, as additional biomass or productivity at a given trophic level can support more consumers. In turn, when prey are abundant, predators may converge on the same diets rather than partitioning food resources. Here, we examine the diets and habitat use of predatory and omnivorous birds in response to biosolids amendment of northern grasslands used as grazing range for cattle in British Columbia, Canada. From an ecosystem management perspective, we test whether dietary convergence occurred and whether birds preferentially used the pastures with biosolids. Biosolids treatments increased Orthoptera densities and our work occurred during a vole (Microtus spp.) population peak, so both types of prey were abundant. American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) consumed both small mammals and Orthoptera. Short‐eared Owls (Asio flammeus) and Long‐eared owls (Asio otus) primarily ate voles (>97% of biomass consumed) as did Northern Harriers (Circus hudsonius, 88% vole biomass). Despite high dietary overlap, these species had minimal spatial overlap, and Short‐eared Owls strongly preferred pastures amended with biosolids. Common Ravens (Corvus corax), Black‐billed Magpies (Pica hudsonia), and American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) consumed Orthoptera, Coleoptera, vegetation, and only a few small mammals; crows avoided pastures with biosolids. Thus, when both insect and mammalian prey were abundant, corvids maintained omnivorous diets, whereas owls and Harriers specialized on voles. Spatial patterns were more complex, as birds were likely responding to prey abundance, vegetation structure, and other birds in this consumer guild. 相似文献
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SUN Yi MA Fei XIAO Bing ZHENG Junjie YUAN Xiaodong TANG Minqian WANG Li YU Yefei & Li Qingwei . College of Life Sciences Liaoning Normal University Dalian China . TaKaRa Biotechnology 《中国科学：生命科学英文版》2004,47(6):510-520
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), as a model sys-tem, has been extensively used for molecular phy-logenetic and evolutionary analysis[1]. With the ad-vances in DNA sequencing technology, more andmore researchers prefer to use complete mitochondrialgenome for phylogenetic analysis[2—4]. Since the com-plete sequencing of human mtDNA in 1981 (Andersonet al., 1981)[5], 342 vertebrate mitochondrial genomeshave so far been sequenced. Up to now the completesequences of 29 avian mitochondrial genomes h… 相似文献
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E. Korpimäki 《Oecologia》1987,74(2):277-285
Summary Food samples of breeding Kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) and Long-eared Owls (Asio otus) were collected in the peak and low phase of their preferred prey (Microtus voles) in western Finland. Diets of pairs that bred as neighbours (1 km) with interspecifics were compared with those of non-neighbours. In both species, neighbouring pairs fed less on Microtus voles and more on alternative prey than did non-neighbours. Competition theory predicts that diet overlap should be lower during prey shortage and that diet similarity should be especially reduced in neighbouring pairs. Observations were consistent with expectations: diet similarity was lower in the low vole years and neighbouring pairs showed less diet overlap that non-neighbours. Differences in habitat composition and prey availability at the sample sites should not confuse the results. In addition to the high diet similarity, hunting habitats and nest sites of the species overlapped almost completely; they only showed clear temporal segregation in hunting. Probably because of food competition, the neighbouring pairs of both species produced significantly fewer young than the non-neighbours. These results contrast with the view that the diet composition and dietary shift of rodent-feeding predatory birds can be interpreted in terms of simple opportunistic foraging. In the breeding season, interspecific competition for food seems to be an important factor that affects the niches of these species, especially in northern areas, where the seasonal low phase of voles in spring and the number of alternative prey are lower than in more southern areas. 相似文献