单片机控制的颈动脉窦区自动灌流系统的研究

目的：建立一种自动控制颈动脉窦区灌流压的新方法。方法：采用AT89C2051单片计算机构成谦价实用的灌流控制器,钭它与LDB-M型电子蠕动泵、实验动物的颈动脉窦区构成自动灌流系统。结果及结论：该系统能对大鼠颈动脉窦区进行均匀斜坡升压,阶梯升压-降压灌流,并已用于压力感受器反射效应研究中,此系统能保证灌流曲线的准确性和可重复性。进一步提高了实验的技术水平。     

饮用水水源与自来水中病毒和指示细菌存在水平的比较研究

自来水中人肠道病毒的存在已引起人们极大的关切和忧虑。本文报道了武汉东湖水和以东湖为水源的自来水中病毒和指示细菌的存在水平。水源水经过预加氯消毒、絮凝沉淀、砂滤和最后加氯消毒处理而成的自来水中细菌总数检测范围是41—500/升,总大肠菌是2—13/升、粪大肠菌为0—4/升、大肠菌噬菌体是0—13.6PFU/升,平均2.48PFU/升,肠道病毒为0—78PFU/升,平均为6.7PFU/升。水源水经制水工艺处理去除指示细菌、大肠菌噬菌体和肠道病毒的效率分别为97.95—99.99％,90.63％和53.18％。这种结果说明自来水制水工艺能有效地降低指示细菌,大肠菌噬菌体,而去除肠道病毒效率较低,揭示肠道病毒对环境压专的耐受性明显地比指示细菌强。     

维拉帕米拮抗内皮素所引起的心肌损伤

本实验用10~(-8)mol/L 内皮素灌流离体大鼠心脏,导致平均灌流压,心室内压急剧升高,±LV dP/dt_(max)值显著降低,心肌蛋白漏出和脂质过氧化物形成,心肌钙含量显著增加等严重心脏功能和组织损伤。钙通道阻滞剂维拉帕米,无论与内皮素同时灌流或在内皮素灌流以后应用,都能有效地拮抗内皮素的心脏损伤作用。     

5-羟色胺诱发的主动脉区化学感受性升血压反射中某些区域性血管反应的分析

在15只麻醉开胸犬中,用在体器官恒流灌注法研究了骨胳肌、皮肤、肾和心脏的血管在5-HT 诱发的主动脉区化学感受性升血压反射中的反应,同时还观察了5-HT 对这些器官血管的直接效应。左心房注入5-HT(200μg)后,在动脉血压急剧上升的同时,股薄肌、皮肤(后爪)和肾脏的灌流压明显增加,其增值分别为43±8.47±5和56±27mmHg(P<0.01),而冠脉灌流压无明显改变。用阿托品和/或心得安阻断骨胳肌、皮肤和心脏灌流区域的 m 和同β-受体后,上述效应无进一步变动。向灌流环路直接注入5-HT(10—50μg),可引起皮肤和肾脏的血管收缩,而股薄肌和心肌的血管则扩张;后一效应不被心得安阻断。以上结果提示:1.在5-HT 诱发的主动脉区化学感受性升血压反射中,骨胳肌、皮肤和肾脏呈现明显的交感性缩血管反应,而并不伴有交感性扩血管活动;2.在外周血管可能存在两种不同的5-HT 受体,一种主要分布在皮肤和肾脏,引起缩血管效应;另一种主要分布于骨胳肌和冠状血管,引起扩血管效应。     

颈动脉窦内压的变化速率对反射性降压效应的影响

在成年狗身上制备右侧孤离颈动脉窦,借助灌流装置用饱和氧的任氏液对其进行灌流。灌流压为搏动性的。通过改变每搏泵出量、灌流管道的阻力和弹性来调节灌流压及其变化速率。用多导生理记录仪同步记录股动脉血压、窦内灌流压及其变化速率。本文主要观察窦内压的变化速率对降压反射的影响。在8只狗身上共进行了93次实验。结果表明,在窦内压相同的情况下,灌流压的上升速率愈快,降压效应愈明显,而其下降速率则无显著作用。已有资料证明搏动性窦内压所引起的降压效应较非搏动性压力更为明显。由此可见,狗的颈动脉窦压力感受器不仅对搏动性压力而且对其上升的变化速率也很敏感。     

武汉东湖针簇多肢轮虫的种群变动和生产量

针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)是武汉东湖的优势轮虫,1983,5—1984,4在Ⅰ,Ⅱ站分别测定了这种轮虫卵和种群密度。Ⅰ站卵的密度在0—245个/升之间,平均为27个/升,种群密度为0—6600个/升,平均为362个/升;Ⅱ站卵的密度为0—321个/升,平均为22个/升,种群密度为0—2770个/升,平均为159个/升。在5—30℃的培养温度下,卵的发育时间随温度升高而缩短,它们间的关系可用下列回归方程表示: lnD=0.4627 1.2929lnT-0.4995(lnT)~2 用直接称重法测定该种轮虫平均干重为0.07微克。计算了针簇多肢轮虫的瞬时出生率,增长率和死亡率。用二种不同的方法测定了这种轮虫的生产量。Ⅰ站的平均日生产量,用世代时间法测得10.19微克/升,用卵比率法测得5.98微克;Ⅱ站分别为3.59和3.01微克/升。     

大鼠延髓尾端加压区对外周血管紧张的影响

本文以血管的灌流压变化反映血管紧张性,观察Ｌ－谷氨酸及肾上腺素能受体阻断剂微量注射于大鼠延髓腹面心血管活动调控区对骨骼肌血管和肾血管紧张的影响。实验观察到,Ｌ－－ｇｌｕ兴奋延髓尾端加压区（ＣＰＡ）在动脉直升的同时,双后肢骨骼肌灌流压上升３７．５９％,左肾灌流压上升１７．０４％,如预先在延髓腹面加我注入普萘少尔或酚妥拉明均能明显减小Ｌ－ｇｌｕ兴奋ＣＰＡ时的灌流压和肾灌流压升高效应。提示ＣＰＡ对外周血     

离体颈动脉窦压力感受器研究方法的改进——窦内压的自动控制

目的:创建一套离体颈动脉窦压力感受器研究中窦内压力的自动控制系统。方法:制备颈动脉窦-窦神经标本并对其进行灌流。在该系统中,引入一个重要的可接受电脑指令的压力控制装置(PRE-U,Hoerbiger,Deutschland),用以钳制窦内压。通过比较压力指令和相应产生的窦内压来鉴定本压力控制系统的可靠性。结果:利用该系统可以准确实现脉动式、斜坡式、阶跃式等多种窦内压力控制模式,并证实记录到压力依赖性窦神经放电活动。结论:应用这套颈动脉窦内压力控制系统可以实现多种压力模式的控制。该系统为深入研究压力感受器机电换能机制提供了有用且灵活的压力控制方法。     

牛山湖的浮游动物及渔业评估

本文简要报道了湖北武昌县牛山湖1984—1986年浮游动物的种类组成、数量、生物量的季节变动和分布。观察表明,牛山湖有浮游动物47属,89种,其中多数为广温性世界种。浮游动物的平均数量为1574个/升(507—3025个/升),其中以原生动物、轮虫占绝对优势,甲壳动物次之;平均生物量为0.6082毫克/升(0.3378—1.0164毫克/升),以甲壳动物为主。牛山湖浮游动物的现存量有逐年减少的趋势,据推测与鱼的摄食作用有关。为此建议应适当减少滤食性鱼类的放养量。     

钾离子对心房T波(Ta波)的影响

在离体灌流的豚鼠心脏的心表面心电图上,进行了钾离子(K~ )对了 Ta 波影响的研究。提高灌流液中的 K~ 浓度(由6增到8、10和14毫当量/升)后,在28例实验中有26例(92.9%)的 Ta 波出现了明显的变化:(1)Ta 波的振幅显著增高;(2)Ta 波的上升支急剧加速;(3)P—aTa(由 P 波开始到 Ta 波顶点)的时间明显缩短。因而,Ta 波的形态由正常时升、降支基本对称的“帐篷形”,变为上升支十分陡峻而下降支非常迟缓的“锐角形”。降低灌流液中的 K~ 浓度(由6.0降到3.0和1.2毫当量/升)时,总共20例实验也都出现了 Ta 波的明显变化:(1)全部了 Ta 波(100%)的振幅都显著降低;(2)16例(80%)Ta 波的上升支变缓,使 P—aTa 的时间明显延长。因而,Ta 波的形态变得低平和迟缓。通过分析认为,灌流液中 K~ 浓度的变化,影响了心房肌复极化期间 K~ 的外流,可能是引起上述 Ta 波变化的原因。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.