影响干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效因素分析

为了解重组干扰素α２ｂ治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效的影响因素,对住院治疗的１０８例慢性乙型肝炎进行研究。治疗前所有病例ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ、ＨＢＶＤＮＡ均阳性,ＡＬＴ均大于正常值３倍。结果发现,总有效率女性高于男性（Ｐ＜００５）;病程短于３年者明显优于长于３年者（Ｐ＜００１）;ＣＡＨ明显高于ＣＰＨ（Ｐ＜００１）。９例治疗无效者,２例检出前Ｃ区变异;１例野生株和变异株混合感染者疗程结束后表现为无效。４７例治疗无效者（包括部分复发者）,检出干扰素中和抗体２例;结合抗体６例。治疗期间有类流感症状者显效率明显高于无反应者（Ｐ＜００１）;总有效率高于无反应者（Ｐ＜００５）。治疗中ＡＬＴ升高大于基值２倍以上者疗效更好（Ｐ＜００１）。结果表明,干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效的影响因素较多。     

非线性模型在蛋白质薄膜厚度测定中的应用

分子通过测定蛋白质薄膜厚度变化而定量地研究生物分子间的相互作用,探讨了基于光学干涉光的薄膜厚度的测量方法,借助于在玻璃基底表面沉积的聚苯乙烯薄膜对噪声的抑制,使用非线性回归模型对生物传感器的检测信号进行了分析。通过反射干涉光谱光测定到乙型肝炎表面抗原在聚苯乙烯－玻璃表面的吸附使薄膜厚度增加了３．３ｎｍ。随着５μｇ／ｍｌ,１０μｇ／ｍｌ,２０μｇ／ｍｌ,３０μｇ／ｍｌ和５０μｇ／ｍｌ浓度的乙型肝炎表     

乙型肝炎血源疫苗皮内接种4年效果观察

为了解乙型肝炎血源疫苗皮内接种的持久效果,选ＨＢｓＡｇ、抗－ＨＢｓ和抗－ＨＢｃ均（－）的９～１１岁儿童１０３名,随机分成４组,分别皮内接种１μｇ×４和３μｇ×４（均按０,１,２,５月程序）和肌肉接种１０μｇ×３和３０μｇ×３（各按０,１,２月程序）。首针后４８月时,１μｇ、３μｇ、１０μｇ和３０μｇ组抗－ＨＢｓ≥１０ｍＩＵ／ｍＩ者各为６９．２％,８０．０％、９２．３％和８１．８％;ＧＭＴ则为１４．５,７９．０,４４．８和７０．９ｍＩＵ／ｍｌ,３μｇ×４皮内免疫的近期和远期效果与肌肉组３０μｇ×３相似,宜于某些人群采用     

广泛接种乙肝疫苗后不同年龄人群急性乙型肝炎危险因素的对应分析

目的研究广泛开展新生儿乙肝疫苗接种后,不同年龄人群中的乙型肝炎危险因素与年龄的对应关系,以制定针对性的乙型肝炎防治措施。方法回顾性分析40例乙型肝炎病毒感染者的感染危险因素,数据分析采用对应的分析方法。结果40例乙型肝炎病毒感染者中,低年龄组、母亲怀孕及分娩时感染乙型肝炎病毒有一定的联系。结论乙型肝炎的传播途径复杂。在低年龄组人群中,母婴传播是主要的传播途径。在低年龄组人群中开展乙肝疫苗接种是预防和控制乙型肝炎的重要措施。     

中草药治疗乙型肝炎的研究进展

本文从四个方面综述了中草药治疗乙型肝炎的研究进展：１．抑制和清除ＨＢＶ;２．调整机体的免疫功能;３．抑制肝细胞纤维化;４．保肝作用。以期为开发新药提供参考。     

以合成多肽为抗原的戊肝抗体检测试剂的研制

用戊肝病毒（ＨＥＶ）基因组编码氨基酸序列１－９０１－９１４／２－５１５－５３０、３－９１－１２３、２－６１３－６５４相应的三段合成多肽为抗原、研制出一种检测抗－ＨＥＶＩｇＧ的ＥＬＩＳＡ试剂。以该试剂检测中国、缅甸、印度和前苏联肠道传播非乙型肝炎（ＥＴ－ＮＡＮＢＨ）病人血清１０５份,仅３份中国病人血清阴性,阳性率为９７．１％;检查实验感染ＨＥＶＬ赤猩猩血清,感染前阴性,感染后阳性;检查正常人血清９９     

乙型肝炎病毒3‘末端缺失的preS／S基因在转基因小鼠中的表达

从乙型肝炎病毒ａｄｒ亚型的基因组ＤＮＡ中分离３’末端缺失的ｐｒｅＳ／Ｓ基因的ＤＮＡ片段,构建了由ＣＭＶ启动子控制的真核表达载体。采用受精卵显微注射方法,获得了基因组整合有３’末端缺失的ｐｒｅＳ／Ｓ基因的２个转基因小鼠品系。在不同的时间点采取血清进行了ＥＬＩＳＡ分析,发现在这２个小鼠品系中３’末端缺失的ｐｒｅＳ／Ｓ基因可被表达,而且呈稳定状态。此小鼠品系的建立,对于探讨乙型肝炎病毒３’末端缺失的ｐｒ     

对乙型肝炎疫苗的回忆应答

<正>Perrillo等曾探讨过机体对乙型肝炎疫苗初次接的回忆应答可能性。作者亦发现,在乙型肝炎疫苗(‘Hepavax-B’)接种后,产生不同类型免疫球蛋白。于免疫接种前,放射免疫测定血清HBsAg、抗HBs、抗HBc均阴性的136例受试者中,16例因在接种乙型肝炎疫苗(‘H-B-VAX’)40μg后第3～5周检出抗-HBs抗体(即免疫应答迅速),而选作乙型肝炎疫苗接种。已知该16     

乙型肝炎流行病学数学模型

本文根据乙型肝炎的自然传播过程,建立由偏微分方程表达的数学模型．模型中所有参数都由实际资料估计所得,而且考虑了乙型肝炎感染与转归随年龄变化的特点．免疫接种前、后模型模拟的结果与实际观察值相符,这说明模型能够反映乙型肝炎在人群中的传播过程．     

胸腺肽治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效分析

研究胸腺肽对慢性乙型肝炎的治疗作用。治疗组在综合疗法基础上加用胸腺肽注射液,对照组采用综合保肝疗法,疗程均为３ 个月。结果：治疗组优于对照组（Ｐ＜ ０－０１） 。结论：胸腺肽对乙型肝炎病毒血清学指标（ＨＢＶ—Ｍ） 的复制有抑制作用     

东莞市预防接种不良反应监测和处理控制系统的建立及评价

为了解东莞市各种疫苗预防接种不良反应的发生情况,建立预防接种不良反应(AEFI)监测和处理控制系统,评价其运行状况,提高预防接种工作质量。根据WHO对AEFI的定义和分类方法,确定了东莞市AEFI报告范围,报告人、报告程序、报告制度以及调查内容和方法,并对该系统2005年收集的AEFI病例进行描述性分析。全市共登记预防接种不良反应560例,其中疫苗反应占了95.36%。男性多于女性。在所使用的26种疫苗中有18种出现不良反应,以Hib和百白破(DPT)的发生率最高,且百白破的报告数最多,占57.5%。在报告的预防接种不良反应中,发热、局部红肿疼痛以及皮疹等过敏性反应占了94.1%。结果认为该系统在评价疫苗的安全性,发现不良反应发生的危险因素,改善预防接种服务质量起着重要作用。     

Background of recent JE vaccine issues

In Japan, more than 5,000 patients were reported in 1950, and there have been less than 10 cases annually since 1992. However, Japanese encephalitis virus caused of Japanese encephalitis (JE) are still existed highly and widely in the country, reported by National Institute of Infectious Diseases with serological examination among domestic pig population. JE immunization had been provided to children as category 1 routine immunization in Japan. However, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (HOHLW) decided not to recommend JE immunization to children as a routine immunization at May 2005. Major reason on this decision was that the Minter of MOHLW certified to pay loss of medical costs for the case of ADEM (acute disseminated encephalomyelopathy) after JE immunization, recognized as adverse events with JE vaccine, although MOHLW stated that the strict scientific evidence was unknown. MOHLW stated also that it is expected Vero cell derived JE vaccine should be replaced with the present mouse brain derived JE vaccine as the next generation, to be able to avoid theoretical possibility of neurological adverse events associated with JE vaccine. Small but increasing number of requests recently to be certified as health injuries on ADEM cases associated with JE immunization is also another reason for MOHLLW's decision. Further, fifth doses of JE vaccine given to children at 14-15 years old as a routine immunization was decided to be discontinued by MOHLW at July 2005, considering present epidemiological situation on JE and JE immunization status in Japan, although four doses has been recommended continuously as routine. The background details on JE vaccine issues decided by MOHLW in 2005 were reviewed on this paper.     

定西市2013年疑似预防接种异常反应监测分析

目的分析定西市2013年疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)的发生特征,评价AEFI监测系统运转情况、预防接种服务质量和疫苗的安全性。方法采集辖区内疑似预防接种异常反应信息管理系统报告的2013年AEFI数据,进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2013年全市报告发生AEFI 2 091例,报告发生率为236.75/10万剂次;其中一般反应2 080例,异常反应6例,心因性反应5例。全年每月均有AEFI报告,10、11月份报告例数最多。1岁内儿童报告比例最大;AEFI多发生在接种后0~1 d内,发生后多于2 d内就诊。23价肺炎疫苗、白破疫苗和百白破疫苗报告发生率居前三位;一、二类疫苗报告发生率有统计学差异。结论定西市AEFI监测系统敏感性较高,AEFI报告发生率远低于世界卫生组织的估计值。全年未报告疫苗质量事故、接种事故和偶合症病例。免疫规划接种实施是规范、安全的。     

甘肃省麻疹减毒活疫苗强化免疫疑似接种异常反应分析

目的分析甘肃省2010年和2011年麻疹减毒活疫苗(Measles vaccine,live MV)强化免疫活动中疑似预防接种异常反应(Adverse events following immunization,AEFI)发生特征,评价AEFI监测工作。方法收集2010年和2011年甘肃省AEFI监测系统报告数据,采用描述性流行病学方法对相关数据进行分析。结果甘肃省2010年和2011年MV强化免疫活动共报告AEFI病例346例,报告发生率为14.17/100万,男性略多于女性。一般反应报告发生率为12.82/100万,异常反应报告发生率为1.19/100万,异常反应主要以过敏性皮疹为主。接种MV后,发生AEFI的时间多在1 d之内,占总报告病例数的76.41%,并呈现随着年龄增大发生率逐渐降低的趋势。结论两次MV强化免疫活动AEFI报告发生率较低,接种MV后的1 d之内需要重点监测,加强主动监测,提高AEFI的预防和处理水平。     

Simultaneous Immunization with B.C.G., Diphtheria-tetanus,and Oral Poliomyelitis Vaccines in Children Aged 13-14

The simultaneous administration of B.C.G. vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus toxoid aluminium hydroxide adsorbed vaccine, and oral poliovaccine was studied in 628 children aged 13-14 years between 1966 and 1969 in Newham, London. The efficacy of these vaccines was unaffected by administering them at the same time; routine simultaneous administration is considered justified when organizational difficulties prevent the attainment of high immunization rates with the vaccines given separately. No adverse reactions to B.C.G. or oral poliomyelitis vaccines took place, but 8% of children had moderately severe local reactions after diphtheria-tetanus aluminium hydroxide adsorbed vaccine, which were attributed to diphtheria toxoid.Serological studies showed the need for immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, and poliomyelitis at 13-14 years of age. Because of the adverse reactions to diphtheria toxoid, however, simultaneous administration of tetanus toxoid aluminium hydroxide adsorbed, oral poliomyelitis, and B.C.G. vaccines only is recommended at present.An “adult type” diphtheria-tetanus toxoid might overcome the problem of reactions, though in two to three years'' time most children aged 13-14 years will have received diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine in infancy and reinforcement might then be accomplished by a small intradermal dose of the currently available fluid diphtheria-tetanus vaccine.Continued serological studies of diphtheria and tetanus antitoxins and polio antibody are necessary to determine the future need for reinforcement of immunity; such studies should become an essential part of the surveillance of the community immunization programme.     

肾综合征出血热(I型)纯化疫苗防病效果及免疫持久性观察

卫生部兰州生物制品研究所生产的肾综合征出血热（ＨＦＲＳ）（Ｉ型）纯化疫苗在陕西、湖南,浙江的出血热流行区进行了人群免疫效果观察。基础免疫三针后,中和抗体阳转率平均５０％,荧光抗体阳转率为８４２６％,全程接种者２６４９２人,疑似发病１人,保护率平均为９６％。对陕西长安县不同年龄的３０人进行了免疫后２５年抗体水平观察,中和抗体阳转率为５７％,有良好的免疫效果,并具有一定的免疫持久性。     

Comparative evaluation of the immunological activity of new typhoid vaccines with established prophylactic effectiveness (data from a controlled experiment)]

The authors present the results of studying the immunological efficacy of a dry alcoholic typhoid vaccine enriched with S. typhi Vi-antigen in the assessment of this vaccine in controlled epidemiological trial during the immunization of children aged 7--8 years. O- and Vi-antibodies were tested in the reaction of hemagglutination, H-antibodies--in the agglutination reaction with the microbial diagnostic agent, the properties of antibodies--in a test with cystein, and bactericidal properties of the sera--against the virulent S. typhi strain. Examination of 355 coupled sera obtained before and 3 weeks after the immunization demonstrated a high level of Vi-(1:47) and of the O-(1:580) antibodies and high bactericidal properties of the sera in persons vaccinated with the alcoholic vaccine enriched with the S. typhi Vi-antigen. The results obtained and the data on the formation of prolonged immunity following a simgle immunization suggested that a high protective effect was caused by a combined action of the O- and Vi-antigens contained in the vaccine in optimal doses.     

中国百日咳疫苗的现状及研发趋势初探

百日咳是许多国家的严重公共卫生问题,目前预防百日咳最有效和最经济的方法是接种百日咳疫苗,百日咳组分疫苗由于其保护效果好、不良反应低、质量稳定可控而成为新一代无细胞百日咳疫苗的首选。本文简要介绍百日咳的病原学、传播途径及流行病学特点,并对中国的百日咳疫苗研发趋势进行初步探讨。     

口服轮状病毒活疫苗的安全性临床观察

为了观察口服轮状病毒活疫苗的安全性,2004年4~10月在济南市中心医院预防接种门诊对总服用该疫苗的410例7月龄~3岁的幼儿密切观察其反应,测量腋下体温并询问有无不适症状等。结果显示,95.61%幼儿(392/410)无不良反应;约4.39%(18/410)出现发热、腹泻等不良副反应,其中强反应3例(0.73%),中度反应11例(2.68%),轻度反应4例(0.98%),均于对症治疗后3日内缓解并消失。临床资料证明,使用该疫苗是安全的。