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禺毛茛多倍体复合体及其近缘种核型研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
本文报道了禺毛茛Ranunculus cantoniensis DC.多倍体复合体及近缘种中6种植物的核型。棱喙毛茛Ranunculus trigonus Hand-Mazz.有两种核型(首次报道):矮株型2n=2x=16=4m+6sm+6st(2SAT);高株型2n=2x=16=4m十2sm十lOst(2SAT)。茴茴蒜Ranunculus chinensis Bunge.2n=2x=16=6m+2sm+8st。卷喙毛茛Ranunculus silerifolius lévl.2n=2x=16=6m+2sm+6st+2t。禺毛茛2n=4x=32=4m(a)+2m(b)+2sm(b)十4t(SAT)(c)十4st(d)+2m(e)+2sm(e)十2sm(f)+2st(f)+4st(g) +2st(h)十2m(h)。褐鞘毛茛Ranunculus vaginatus Hand.-Mazz.2n=5x=40=3m(a)十2sm(a)+2st(b)+3sm(b)十2t(c)+3t(SAT)(c)+5st(d)+5m(e)+5sm(f)+5st(g)+5m(h),(首次报道).扬子毛茛 Ranunculus sieboldii Miq.2n=6x=48=6m(a)十2st(b)十4sm(b)+2st(SAT)(c)十4t(SAT)(c)+6st(d)十6m(e)十6sm(f)+6st(g)+6m(h)。禺毛茛(4x)由2个类似本文中的卷喙毛茛或茴茴蒜的染色体组和两个“短m-型”染色体组组成。褐鞘毛茛(5x)和扬子毛茛(6x,8x)则由不同的“短m-型”染色体组组成。复合体成员及近缘种可能是通过“短m-型”染色体组产生关系,构成一个柱架式多倍体复合体。根据染色体及形态特征,建议恢复卷喙毛茛的种级地位。 相似文献
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禺毛茛复合体及其近缘种过氧化物酶同工酶研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对国产禺毛茛(RanunculuscantoniensisDC.)复合体及其近缘种8个种的15个居群52个个体的根进行了过氧化物酶同工酶研究,结果表明:①居群内过氧化物酶谱略有变异。同工酶酶谱或多或少能显示居群特征。供试的8个种中没有任何2个种的酶谱完全一致,这说明在种级水平酶谱呈现出高度的分化现象。②根据染色体、孢粉和过氧化酶同工酶的资料推测,除R.silerifolius(2x)外,R.cantoniensis(4x)还有1个亲本。该亲本应具有“短m-型”染色体组,散沟和波状覆盖层的花粉,在其根的过氧化物酶酶谱中至少含A1、A2、C4和C64条酶带。③来自形态、染色体孢粉及同工酶的证据均证实R.vaginatus(5x)可能起源于(R,diffusus(4x)×R.sieboldii(6x)的杂交后代。 相似文献
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禺毛茛多倍体复合体及其近缘种系统进化关系复杂,杂交与多倍化现象同时存在。该复合体内高倍性植物的形成及扩散过程仍需进一步研究。首次克隆了毛茛属植物低拷贝核基因颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶 I (GBBSI )基因,并利用其构建禺毛茛多倍体复合体及其近缘种的系统进化树和网状进化关系,进而证明其适合于研究毛茛属植物种下系统发育研究。结果表明:匍枝毛茛与多倍体复合体关系密切,参与了该多倍体复合体的起源和进化;禺毛茛起源于茴茴蒜和卷喙毛茛,扬子毛茛起源于茴茴蒜和匍枝毛茛;在该类群中茴茴蒜是个关键种,它在多倍体复合体中可能起着枢纽基因组的重要作用。 相似文献
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在Tamura M.,Okada及廖亮研究的基础上,通过禺毛茛复合体(禺毛茛R.cantoniensis 4x,卷喙毛茛R.sileri folius var.silerifolius 2x,长花毛茛R.sileri folius var.dolicathus 2x,茴茴蒜R.chinensis 2x,扬子毛茛R.sieboldii 6x及8x)的核型分析,结合地球环境的演变历史,进一步研究了禺毛茛的形成方式和时间,并对禺毛茛复合体种间亲缘关系的形成进行了探讨,为毛茛属系统进化研究提供资料。 相似文献
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采用常规压片法,对5份榆叶梅材料和桃、梅、李、杏4份近缘种材料进行了核型分析,首次报道了4类榆叶梅栽培品种材料的核型。结果表明:‘紫烟’榆叶梅染色体数目为42条,其它榆叶梅材料均为八倍体(2n=8x=64),桃、梅、李、杏均为二倍体(2n=2x=16);核不对称系数为57.68%~63.08%;核型分类为2B和2A型。其中‘紫烟’榆叶梅染色体相对长度组成为:2n=6L+9M2+24M1+3S;近缘种中桃与榆叶梅的核不对称性较接近。 相似文献
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利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术分析了木槿属(Hibiscus)Furcaria组中纤维作物红麻(H.cannabinus)及其6个近缘种植物的25份材料,用筛选出的16个引物扩增出192个RAPD条带,它们表现出丰富的多态性。根据得到的RAPD指纹图谱,计算其Nei氏相似系数和遗传距离。并构建了它们的系统树。结果表明,25份材料可划分为7个组。H.penduriformis和H.calyphyllus两个种为一组;红麻种分为两个组,一组为栽培品种,另1组为野生型材料;其余4个种各成为1组。玫瑰麻(H.sabdariffa)和金线吊芙蓉(H.radiatus)的关系较近,而且两者与红麻的亲缘关系也较近,而其它四个种与红麻的关系较远。H.trionum与其它六个种的关系较远。 相似文献
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中国苦荞麦及其近缘种的遗传多样性研究 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
采用等位酶电泳技术测定了四川,云南省27个县,市的苦荞麦及其近缘种共8种1变种50个居群的遗传多样性和分化,经过7个酶系统的12个位点的检测,完成了遗传多样性,杂合性基因多样度比率,遗传距离和遗传一致度的测量,结果表明,栽培苦荞麦的遗传多样性较低,各种野荞麦的遗传多样性较高,这些种的近交繁育系数F值-0.54-0.80,为随机交配的居群,杂合体过多,营养繁殖为主的金荞麦的FST值最高,相对较多的遗传多样性存在于居群间,长柄野荞麦相对较少的遗传多样性存在于居群间,更接近于自由交配,苦荞麦及其近缘种种间的遗传一致度平均值55.30%-65.20%,与种子植物属内种间遗传一致度平均值接近,指出细柄野荞麦是与栽培的苦荞麦和荞麦的亲缘关系最近的野生种,金沙江流域是苦荞麦及其近缘种的分布中心和起源中心。 相似文献
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The genus Asparagus includes a group of wild species that are closely related to the cultivated Asparagus officinalis (2n = 2× = 20). The narrow genetic background present in the asparagus cultivars shows the importance of asparagus landraces and the wild related species. The study of both genetic resources becomes necessary to facilitate their effective use in the breeding programmes. ‘Morado de Huetor’ (MH) and ‘Violetto d’Albenga’ (VA) are tetraploid asparagus landraces (2n = 4× = 40) cultivated in Spain and Italy, respectively, and whose origin remains unknown. To discover the origin of these landraces, a phylogenetic study was conducted based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA). The sequence of the two internal transcribed spacers (ITS) flanking the nrDNA5.8S gene (ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2) were analysed for RFLP in 11 populations including both landraces (MH and VA), A. officinalis (wild and cultivated) and a group of closely related wild species (Asparagus maritimus, Asparagus prostratus, Asparagus pseudoscaber and Asparagus tenuifolius) with a European distribution. Restriction fragment patterns of both cultivated asparagus (2×) and two populations of A. maritimus (6×) from the Adriatic Sea area were present in the MH landrace. However, VA showed a similar pattern to A. officinalis. This study revealed that MH seems to be a hybrid between A. officinalis and A. maritimus that may have occurred in the Adriatic Sea region where hybridisations between cultivated diploid and wild species may have taken place. The origin of another tetraploid landrace (VA) might have had a similar origin but followed a different evolutionary path. Therefore, these landraces constitute a valuable genetic resource that could be used to enlarge the genetic background of modern cultivars. The ploidy levels of the populations employed in this study were analysed and levels not described previously were detected: A. maritimus (12×), A. tenuifolius (6×) and A. pseudoscaber (2×). 相似文献
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Eleusine (Poaceae) includes six diploid and three polyploid species and has three basic chromosome numbers, x=8, 9 and 10. The species are annual as well as perennial and all are wild except E. coracana, which is cultivated for grain and fodder in Africa and the Indian subcontinent. Eleusine coracana and E. africana have the same genome and chromosome number (2n=36). Eleusine indica and E. floccifolia are identified as two genome donors to these polyploid species. Eleusine kigeziensis is the third polyploid species of the genus with 2n=38. Its genome may have come from E. jaegeri and from one of the species with x=9, most probably from E. indica. Eleusine indica, E. tristachya, E. floccifolia and E. intermedia with x=9 and two polyploid species, E. coracana and E. africana, are closely related and there is free genetic flow between them. Eleusine multiflora with x=8 is significantly different in morphology and at genomic level from other species. Eleusine jaegeri with x=10 is morphologically similar to E. indica, however, more information is needed to ascertain its position in the genus. Eleusine coracana, which is commonly called finger millet, is a potential and nutritious crop for the increasing population of the world, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. It can also serve as a gene pool for various important characters and disease resistant genes. Received February 11, 2002; accepted May 27, 2002 Published online: October 14, 2002 Addresses of the authors: Madho Singh Bisht and Yasuhiko Mukai (e-mail: ymukai@cc.osaka-kyoiku.ac.jp), Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Division of Natural Science, Osaka Kyoiku University, 4-698-1 Asahigaoka, Kashiwara, Osaka 582-8582, Japan. 相似文献
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葱属根茎组8种21居群植物的核型研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对葱属根茎组Allium sect.Rhiziridium的8种21个地方居群的核型进行研究,以期为解决该组的种间亲缘关系和物种进化机制提供依据。贺兰韭A.eduardii和阿拉善韭A.flavovirens2个种的核型以及辉韭A.strictum的六倍体核型均属首次报道。研究结果表明:贺兰韭A.eduardii、阿拉善韭A.tlavovirens、北韭A.lineare、蒙古韭A.mongolicum和滩地韭A.oreoprasum的各居群均为二倍体,核型类型为Stebbins的2A型;韭A.tuberosum和野韭A.ramosum的各个居群均为四倍体,核型类型为2A型:辉韭A.Jtrictum的4个居群均为六倍体,核型类型为2B型。通过研究可以得出如下推论:(1)该组植物中存在着大量的多倍体或多倍体系列,染色体数目变化与物种进化具有密切相关性,多倍化可能是根茎组植物核型进化的重要机制之一;(2)随体染色体多为st或t染色体,均位于短臂末端;(3)可以认为辉韭是以增加倍性来克服该物种扩大新的生存空间所带来的困难;(4)现今栽培的韭可能是由野生的二倍体韭和四倍体韭经过长期人工驯化而来的,现今栽培的三倍体韭可能是二倍体韭和四倍体韭杂交而来,并且以无性繁殖方式保存三倍体类群的存在。 相似文献
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陕西洛川黑木沟有发育完好的黄土剖面。各黄土层中几乎都产有哺乳类化石,找到者以鼢鼠类为主。中更新统中(或中上)部的洛川大角鹿(Megaloceros luochuanensis)是一新种,其主要构造特征介于扁角大角鹿及河套大角鹿之间。 相似文献
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芸薹属多倍体植物基因组进化的RAPD分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
多倍化是促进高等植物发生进化的重要力量。为了更清楚地了解多倍体在形成之后其基因组是如何进化的,利用38个随机引物对芸薹属Brassica L.禹氏三角(U’Triangle)中的多倍体物种及其祖先二倍体物种进行了研究。根据扩增出的273条带计算了遗传距离,并用UPGMA法进行了聚类分析。结果发现,二倍体物种B.campestris(AA)与B.oleracea(CC)的亲缘关系比与B.nigra(BB)的要近;异源多倍体B.napus(AACC)比起其二倍体祖先之一B.campestris(AA)与另一个 相似文献
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云南紫胶蚧新种记述(同翅目:胶蚧科) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
本文记述采自云南省寄生在钝叶黄檀枝条上的胶蚧属(Kerria)一新种,取名为云南紫胶虫(Kerria yunnanensis sp.nov.)。新种是云南紫胶原胶的大量生产者,分布较广泛,应用价值高,但因其外部形态与紫胶蚧(Kerria lacca(kerr)Targioni-Tozzetti)相似,长期以来一直被中外学者误认为是同一种。最近,经过对两者的形态作进一步观察比较,笔者认为是不同的种,新种与紫胶蚧是近缘种。新种的模式标本保存在中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所。 相似文献