Two acylated flavanone glycosides from Nierembergia hippomanica

Two new acylated flavanone glycosides have been isolated from Nierembergia hippomanica and identified by spectral data as pinocembrin 7-O-β-(3?-O-acetyl)neohesperidoside and pinocembrin 7-O-β-(6″-O-acetyl)neohesperidoside.     

Occurrence of steryl glycosides and acylated steryl glycosides in some marine algae

There is some controversy concerning the presence of steryl glycosides and acylated steryl glycosides in eucaryotic algae. These two classes of sterol compounds were investigated in species belonging to the three major groups of eucaryotic algae: green algae (Ulva gigantea, Cladophora rupestris), brown algae (Fucus vesiculosus, Ascophyllum nodosum), and red algae (Rhodymenia palmata, Porphyridium sp.). All these algae contain both steryl glycosides and acylated steryl glycosides. The sterol components of these compounds vary according to the alga but they are always the same as the free sterols of the alga in question. The most common sugar moiety is glucose. In the acylated steryl glycosides, the fatty acid is mainly palmitic acid. The percentage of these compounds (as a percentage of the total sterol content) is often low.     

Flavonol glycosides in Brassica and Sinapis

The 7-glucosides and 3,7-diglucosides of kaempferol and isorhamnetin were identified in leaves and flowers of Sinapis arvensis. Additionally, the 3-sophoroside-7-glucosides of kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin were found in leaves of S. arvensis and Brassica oleracea. Two dimensional surveys of leaf extracts of 27 species and cultivars of Brassica and Sinapis showed that the same pattern occurred in most species. B. tournefortii and S. flexuosa were exceptional in having flavonol 3-monosides and 3-diglycosides instead. The results suggest that it is the glycosidic patterns, rather than the distribution of the flavonol aglycones, which are likely to be of taxonomic value for distinguishing groups of species or genera within the Cruciferae.     

银杏黄酮苷和萜类内酯含量的季节变化

以银杏（Ginkgo biloba L.)2年生实生苗和大树为试材,分析根、茎和叶中银杏黄酮苷及萜类内酯含量的季节变化规律。银杏叶中萜类内酯含量从春季起逐渐增加,至夏末秋初达最高值,随后逐渐减少;根和茎中萜类内酯含量的季节变化与叶中相类似,但在冬季休眠期维持较高含量,进入春季伴随叶的萌发生长降低到全年的最低点。银杏茎中萜类内酯含量最低,相当于叶含量的1／3和根含量的1／2。叶中白果内酯含量在总萜类内酯中所占比例较高,而在根和茎中所占比例则较低。随着树龄增加,银杏叶萜类内酯含量下降,这可能与萜类内酯合成能力下降有关。银杏黄酮苷含量在春季幼叶中最高,夏季和秋季相对较低且变化不明显;长枝叶中槲皮素较多,而短枝叶中山柰黄素较多。对不同季节和不同部位的不同成分含量的相关机理进行了讨论。     

Flavonol glycosides of Carya pecan

The flavonol glycosides characterized from the branches of Carya pecan include three new compounds, azaleatin 3-glucoside azaleatin 3-diglycoside and caryatin 3′- (or 4′-) rhamnoglucoside. together with azaleatin 3-rhamnoside. In the leaf tissue, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-galactoside, quercetin 3-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-arabinoside and a small amount of kaempferol 3-monomethyl ether were identified.     

槐果皮中的黄酮醇及其苷类成分

槐 (ＳｏｐｈｏｒａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａＬ .)又名豆槐 ,白槐。槐角为槐的果实 ,药用历史悠久 ,化学成分已有报道[1～ 3 ] 。作者首次对槐的果皮进行化学成分研究 ,从中分离得到 3个黄酮醇和 4个黄酮醇苷类成分 ,经波谱和化学方法确定了结构。其中化合物Ⅰ、Ⅳ和Ⅶ为首次从该植物中分离得到。为槐角的开发利用奠定基础。1　实验部分1.1　药材、仪器与试剂药材采自南京市中国药科大学本部校园内 ,原植物由中国药科大学龚祝南博士鉴定。熔点测定用ＸＴ4双目体视显微熔点测定仪 (温度未经校正 ) ;红外光谱测定用ＮｉｃｏｌｅｔＩｍｐａｃｔ 410型…     

Trisubstituted flavonol glycosides in Coronilla emerus flowers

A novel trisubstituted kaempferol glycoside has been isolated from leaves and flowers of Coronilla emerus and identified as the 3-glucoside-7,4′-dirhamnoside. It co-occurs in the flowers with the 3-glucosides and 3-glucoside-7-rhamnosides of kaempferol and quercetin. A second kaempferol triglycoside based on glucose and xylose is also present. All six glycosides contribute to the UV patterning present in the wings of the flowers. This is the first report of kaempferol triglycosides with monosaccharide units substituting hydroxyl groups at the 3-, 7- and 4′-positions.     

Quantitative analysis of flavonol glycosides in Ginkgo biloba: a comparison of two analytical methods

A comparison of testing methods for constituents of Ginkgo biloba was performed as part of the process for determining which of the many available analytical methods was most appropriate for inclusion in the American Herbal Pharmacopoeia (AHP). Three primary methods were reviewed: those adopted by the European Pharmacopoeia, the National Science Foundation-Institute for Nutraceutical Advancement (NSF-INA) and the United States Pharmacopeia. Methods were compared by evaluating sample preparation and hydrolysis, precision and methods of total flavonol glycoside calculation by two independent laboratories. The AHP adopted the method of NSF-INA for inclusion in the AHP monograph owing to observed superiority of this method in terms of precision, glycoside calculation, ease of sample preparation and chromatographic parameters.     

The occurrence and activity of epithiospecifier protein in some cruciferae seeds

Epithiospecifier protein (ESP) activity was determined in the seeds of two cultivars of Brassica napus, in B. campestris and in Lepidium sativum. All four types of seeds contained susceptible substrates for ESP (that is, glucosinolates with terminal unsaturation in their side-chain), although L. sativum contained only a very small amount of one. Results suggest that Fe²⁺ is essential for ESP activity, but its presence certainly promoted the effects of ESP to a considerable extent, and even at a very low level (e.g. 6 × 10^?11 mol Fe²⁺. Further evidence was gained for the intramolecular nature of the reaction which results in cyanoepithioalkane formation.     

Prenylated flavonol glycosides from Epimedium grandiflorum: Cytotoxicity and evaluation against inflammation and metabolic disorder

Two new prenylated flavonol glycosides, epimedigrandiosides A and B (1 and 2), and 28 previously known compounds including prenylated flavonol derivatives, flavonol glycoside, megastigmanes, phenyl alkanoids, sesquiterpenoid glycoside, lignan, and hexene glucoside were isolated from the methanol extract of Epimedium grandiflorum. Structure elucidation was achieved by means of spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS. The absolute configuration of sugars was determined by chemical methods Structure elucidation of 3‴-carbonyl-2″-β-l-quinovosyl icariin (19) was not previously described, so its ¹H and ¹³C NMR data were reported for the first time. The methanol extract and the isolated compounds were evaluated for their activity towards several targets related to inflammation and metabolic disorder including NF-κB, iNOS, PPARα and PPARγ. Moreover, their cytotoxic activity against four cancer cell lines (SK-MEL, KB, BT-549, SK-OV-3) and two noncancerous kidney cell lines (LLC-PK1 and Vero) were also evaluated.     

Flavonoid glycosides of Lotus corniculatus (leguminosae)

Two-dimensional TLC of stems and leaves of Lotus corniculatus revealed the presence of ca 25 flavonoid glycosides. Among these, 14 were identified; 10 are new for this species. This pattern is qualitatively the same among different populations of this plant but the relative amounts of mono- and diglycosides varies considerably from one population to another.     

Acylated kaempferol glycosides from Aconitum (ranunculaceae)

Four new acylated kaempferol glycosides were isolated and identified from the leaves of Aconitum noveboracense and A. columbianum.     

Flavonoid glycosides of Artemisia monosperma and A. herba-alba

Ten flavonoid glycosides were isolated and identified from Artemisia monosperma: vicenin-2, lucenin-2, acacetin 7-glucoside, acacetin 7-rutinoside, the 3-glucosides and 3-rutinosides of quercetin and patuletin, and the 5-glucosides of quercetin and isorhamnetin. From Artemisia herba-alba eight flavonoid glycosides were isolated and identified: isovitexin, vicenin-2, schaftoside, isoschaftoside and the 3-glucosides and 3-rutinosides of quercetin and patuletin.     

Flavonoid glycosides and the chemosystematics of Eucalyptus camaldulensisis

Leaf flavonoid glycosides of Eucalyptus camaldulensis were identified as kaempferol 3-glucoside and 3-glucuronide; quercetin 3-glucoside, 3-glucuronide, 3-rhamnoside, 3-rutinoside and 7-glucoside, apigenin 7-glucuronide and luteolin 7-glucoside and 7-glucuronide. Two chemical races were observed based on the flavonoid glycosides. These races correspond to the northern and southern populations of species growing in Australia. The Middle Eastern species examined were found to belong to the southern Australian chemical race. The major glycosides of E. occidentalis proved to be quercetin and myricetin 3-glucuronide.     

Flavonoid glycosides of Tribulus pentandrus and T. Terrestris

Twenty-five flavonoid glycosides were detected in Tribulus pentandrus and T. terrestris. The glycosides belong to the common flavonols, kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin, with the 3-gentiobiosides as the major glycosides. Traces of a flavone (tricin) glycoside was also present in T. pentandrus. The separation of Tribulaceae as a distinct family from Zygophyllaceae is discussed.     

Flavonol glycosides from Anthyllis onobrychioides

A new flavonol glycoside, rhamnocitrin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, has been isolated from aerial parts of Anthyllis onobrychioides, together with the known 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosides of quercetin, isorhamnetin and kaempferol.     

Flavonoid glycosides of Lathyrus pratensisleguminosae

Eight flavonoid glycosides have been identified in the leaves of Lathyrus pratensis, two of which are new glycosides.     

Four acylated flavonol glycosides from leaves of Strychnos variabilis

Four new acylated flavonol glycosides have been isolated and identified from the leaves of Strychnos variabilis: quercetin 3-(4″-trans-p-coumaroyl)robinobioside-7-glucoside (variabiloside A) and its cis derivative (variabiloside B), kaempferol 3-(4″-trans-p-coumaroyl)robinobioside-7-glucoside (variabiloside C) and its cis derivative (variabiloside D).     

Flavonol glycosides from Asplenium bulbiferum

From aerial parts of the fern Asplenium bulbiferum, besides kaempferol 3,7-diglucoside and kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside- 7-O-glucoside, the new glycoside kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside-7-O-β-galactoside has been characterized.