甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂热贮稳定性研究

采用高效液相色谱法分析甲维盐微乳剂,以甲醇＋0．2％三乙胺溶液＋乙腈（V：V：V=30：30：40）为流动相,采用XterraRP184．6150mm色谱柱,检测波长245nm,测得54±2℃条件下14d分解率为3．42％。室内毒力测定热贮前后1％甲维盐微乳剂Lc50分别为0．499mg／L和0．524mg／L,热贮分解率为4．78％,与高效液相色谱测定结果基本一致。     

5%甲维盐微乳剂配方的研发及药效试验

针对5%甲维盐微乳剂利用率偏低的问题,筛选了增效作用显著、安全性高且持留量好的配方。通过筛选不同溶剂、助剂与测定其药液表面张力、铺展面积、叶片最大持留量等理化性能差异,研发出5%甲维盐微乳剂最佳配方。5%甲维盐微乳剂最佳配方为：甲维盐5%、乙醇25%、环己酮5%、602 5%,快速渗透剂T 4%,环氧大豆油3%,丙三醇3%,1#乳化剂20%,去离子水补足至100.0%。所制备的制剂性能稳定,质量可靠,各指标均符合微乳剂的相关标准要求。同时,田间防治效果表明,该制剂对月季Rosa chinensis（Jacq）上蓟马具有很好防治效果,优于市售的5%甲维盐微乳剂,对农药微乳剂配方开发具有借鉴作用。     

液质联用检测果蔬中阿维菌素、甲维盐的残留

建立利用分散固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱法(Qu ECh ERS-LC/MS/MS)同时测定蔬菜和水果中阿维菌素和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)残留的方法。均质样品经过醋酸乙腈提取,由N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)吸附剂分散固相萃取净化后,利用液相色谱-串联质谱分离测定,并对质谱条件进行优化。结果表明:碰撞气34 475Pa、气帘气103 425 Pa、雾化气344 750 Pa、辅助加热气172 375 Pa、离子喷雾电压5 500 V以及去溶剂温度300℃时,检测灵敏度最高。对3种蔬菜和水果样品中添加阿维菌素和甲维盐,进行2个水平的加标回收试验,每个水平重复6次,3种样品的平均回收率范围为81.3%~112.9%,相对标准偏差为1.802%~11.506%,达到技术标准要求。该方法被证实是稳定、高效的,可适用于多种蔬菜水果中阿维菌素和甲维盐的测定。     

RP-HPLC测定红丝线中香豆素的含量

采用反相高效液相色谱法,测定红丝线中香豆素的含量。色谱柱为ZORBAXXDB-C18(4.6mm×150mm,5μm);流动相:V(甲醇)∶V(0.01mol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液(pH5.4))=45∶55;流速:1mL/min;检测波长278nm。香豆素的线性范围为2.5~30mg/L(r=0.9998),回收率97.5%~101%。该法简便、准确,重复性好,适用于测定红丝线中香豆素的含量。     

RP-HPLC测定红丝线提取物中紫蓝素的含量

建立了红丝线提取物中紫蓝素的测定方法。采用反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为ZORBAXXDB-C18(4.6mm×150mm,5μm);流动相:V(乙腈):V[75mmol/L乙酸铵+0.5mmol/LEGTA(pH7.0)]=8∶92;流速:1mL/min;检测波长590nm。紫蓝素的线性范围为2.5～50mg/L(r=0.9999),回收率97.9%～101.5%。该法简便、准确,重复性好,适用于测定红丝线提取物中紫蓝素的含量。     

虫酰肼和甲维盐对甜玉米草地贪夜蛾的生物活性及田间防效

为了研究虫酰肼和甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)对新入侵我国的草地贪夜蛾毒杀活性并为田间应用提供依据,采用浸叶法进行了室内毒力测定,采用喷雾法进行盆栽试验和田间小区试验。毒力测定表明虫酰肼对草地贪夜蛾2龄、3龄幼虫48 h LC_(50)分别为0.30 mg/L和0.26 mg/L,甲维盐对草地贪夜蛾2龄、3龄幼虫48 h LC_(50)分别为0.005 mg/L和0.002 mg/L,其LC_(50)活性是虫酰肼的60～128倍。盆栽试验表明,20%虫酰肼SC在20 mg/L、5%甲维盐ME 1mg/L喷雾处理后7 d后防效均为100%,在甜玉米田间小区试验最高防效均可达到90%以上。本研究结果表明,虫酰肼可推荐用于草地贪夜蛾的防治并可与甲维盐轮换使用或复配使用。     

五种杀虫剂对桃小食心虫和梨小食心虫的防治效果研究

【目的】明确3种新型非乳油制剂4%高氯·甲维盐微乳剂、20%高氯·毒死蜱微胶囊剂、20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂和两种常规乳油制剂4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油、1.8%阿维菌素乳油对桃小食心虫Carposina niponensis Walsingham和梨小食心虫Grapholitha molesta Busck的防治效果,为化学农药的合理使用提供参考。【方法】3种新型农药制剂按照推荐用量分别分成高、中、低3种不同浓度处理,两种乳油制剂采用常规推荐用量处理进行果园桃小食心虫和梨小食心虫防治效果试验。【结果】4%高氯·甲维盐微乳剂26.67 mg·kg-1在药后5、10、15 d对桃小食心虫的防治效果分别为100%、95.22%和95.11%,4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油的防治效果与其相当,防效都在90%以上;而4%高氯·甲维盐微乳剂40 mg·kg-1药后5、10、15 d对梨小食心虫的防治效果分别为83.33%、88.89%和93.70%,显著好于4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油,后者15 d后最高防效仅为78.99%;以上两种药剂的防效显著高于其它3种药剂20%高氯·毒死蜱微胶囊剂、20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂和1.8%阿维菌素乳油。【结论】桃小食心虫第一代发生前期和梨小食心虫第3代发生前期,推荐使用对环境友好的4%高氯·甲维盐微乳剂26.67~40 mg·kg-1(1 000~1 500倍液)进行防治。     

几种常见杀虫剂对玉米草地贪夜蛾的控制作用

草地贪夜蛾是一种刚入侵我国的世界性迁飞害虫,严重威胁玉米生产安全。本试验选择200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂、200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂+激健、200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂+5%甲维盐微乳剂、150 g/L茚虫威悬浮剂、25%甲维·茚虫威水分散粒剂、60 g/L乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂6个处理开展了田间防控草地贪夜蛾的试验。结果发现,施药后1 d,60 g/L乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂速效性最好,校正防效高达89.24%;药后3 d,60 g/L乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂校正防效最高为94.35%,200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂及其与激健、甲维盐复配处理校正防效均在85.00%以上;药后7 d,仍以60 g/L乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂校正防效最高达96.38%,200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂及其与激健、甲维盐复配处理校正防效均在90.00%以上,150 g/L茚虫威悬浮剂、25%甲维·茚虫威水分散粒剂校正防效相对略低。本试验首次采取药剂复配和加入激健助剂防控草地贪夜蛾,对延缓害虫抗性、减少农药使用、降低农药残留、科学防控草地贪夜蛾具有积极的指导作用。     

四种农药两种处理方法对红火蚁工蚁作用的室内筛选

【目的】为探讨及筛选对红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren工蚁高效低毒的药剂,以应用于红火蚁的化学防治。【方法】本试验采用胃毒、药膜法测定阿维菌素、甲维盐、辛硫磷、高效氯氰菊酯4种农药对红火蚁工蚁的室内毒力测定。【结果】辛硫磷对红火蚁工蚁的胃毒LC_(50)值最小,为3.42×10~(-4)mg/m L;而甲维盐对红火蚁工蚁的触杀LC_(50)值最小,为2.56×10~(-5)mg/m L。【结论】红火蚁工蚁对辛硫磷、甲维盐较为敏感。甲维盐作为以阿维菌素为原料经过化学修饰而得到的一种高效杀虫剂,利用红火蚁"交哺习性"进行传毒,作为胃毒饵剂具有较好的前景。     

高效液相色谱法测定17AA氨基酸注射液中N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸和N-乙酰-L-酪氨酸

建立了一种用高效液相色谱测定 17AA氨基酸注射液中N 乙酰 L 半胱氨酸和N 乙酰 L 酪氨酸含量的方法。样品经稀释后 ,直接上机测定 ,其色谱条件为 :WatersSymmetryC18色谱柱 ,流动相为 8.5mmol/LNaAc - 5 %CH3 OH (pH =4.0 ) ,柱温36℃ ,流速 1.0ml/min ,检测波长 195nm ,N 乙酰 L 半胱氨酸在 5 .4mg/L到 5 40mg/L、N 乙酰 L 酪氨酸在 4.9mg/L到 490mg/L之间 ,标准曲线呈良好的线性关系 (r2 >0 .9999)。该方法具有良好的重现性 ,日内相对标准偏差小于 3% ,日间相对平均误差小于 7% ,样品回收率在 90 %～ 110 %之间。该方法与测定氨基酸注射液的其它高效液相色谱法相结合 ,能够对 17AA氨基酸注射液中所有氨基酸成分进行全面检测。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism