草鱼胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

 为构建草鱼 (Ctenopharyngodonidellus )胰岛素样生长因子 Ⅰ (IGF Ⅰ )大肠杆菌表达质粒 ,对已克隆到的草鱼IGF Ⅰ基因进行改造 .改造后的基因去除了原cDNA的信号肽和E区序列 ,并在基因的两端分别加入起始密码子和终止密码子 .将改造后的编码草鱼IGF Ⅰ成熟肽基因亚克隆到pBV 2 2 0中 ,构建成表达质粒pBVgIGF7.转化大肠杆菌 (Escherichiacoli)进行表达 .SDS PAGE显示 ,含重组表达质粒的菌株经热诱导后表达出一约 7 5kD的特异蛋白 .表达量占菌体总蛋白的2 0 0 3% ,表达产物主要以包涵体形式存在 .重组蛋白经纯化和复性后 ,采用MTT法测定其对草鱼吻端成纤维细胞PSF和草鱼卵巢细胞CO的促增殖作用 .结果表明 ,所获得的重组草鱼IGF Ⅰ具有生物活性     

小鼠CSRP2基因的克隆、融合表达及蛋白的分离纯化

目的：获得小鼠CSRP2（cysteine rich protein2）基因片段,高效表达、纯化CSRP2。方法：用RT-PCR技术从小鼠心脏组织中提取总DNA并扩增出相应大小的CSRP2DNA片段,将其与pGEM—T—easy载体连接后测序,将测序正确的CSRP2从BamHⅠ和HindⅢ酶切位点克隆入原核表达载体pRSET—A,将连接产物转化大肠杆菌BL21,挑出阳性克隆,IPTG诱导表达重组的6xHis融合蛋白,对重组融合蛋白通过镍柱进行纯化。结果与结论：PCR获得的C职咫序列与GenBank报道的一致（为675bp）;重组载体在大肠杆菌BIJ21中以包涵体形式高效表达;融合蛋白经SDS—PAGE和Western blot分析,在相对分子质量约24×10^3处有特异的蛋白条带,目的蛋白表达量占菌体总蛋白量的25％;重组蛋白经镍柱纯化后,得到了高纯度的CSRP2融合蛋白。     

费氏中华根瘤菌与耐盐有关基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

费氏中华根瘤菌（Sinorhizobium fredii）RT19与耐盐有关的4.4kb DNA片段含有3个相间的开放阅读框,经亚克隆及功能检测,证实其中的ORF2与耐盐有关,将ORF2分别克隆到表达载体pTHioHisA、B和C上,得到3个重组质粒pGA、pGB和pGC,转化大肠杆菌（escherichia coli）5α。经IPTG诱导后和作SDS－PAGE分析,发现只有pGC编码的融合蛋白获得了表达,其分子量为53kDa。恰好是trxA基因编码的硫氧还蛋白与推测的蛋白质分子量之和。Westerm印迹证实,表达的蛋白质是trxA基因和目的基因编码的。     

糖基因Glt8d2重组蛋白的表达、纯化及多克隆抗体的制备

目的构建新糖基转移酶基因Glt8d2的原核表达载体,诱导融合蛋白的表达,并对其进行纯化;制备兔抗GltSd2蛋白多克隆抗体并进行鉴定。方法应用RT—PCR技术,以HepG2细胞mRNA为模板,扩增Glt8d2目的基因片段,构建原核表达载体pET-32a（＋）-Glt8d2。转化大肠埃希菌B121,异丙基-D-半乳糖苷诱导并通过SDS—PAGE凝胶电泳分析、Western印迹分析、生物质谱分析证实Gh8d2重组蛋白表达正确。大量表达后利用Ni’亲和柱对表达蛋白进行纯化及柱上复性。纯化蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔,获得抗Gh8d2蛋白的多克隆抗体。以纯化的Glt8d2重组蛋白为抗原,分别以免疫前后的新西兰兔血清作为第一抗体,利用Western印迹和酶联免疫吸附法对多克隆抗体进行特异性分析及效价检测。结果扩增获得Glt8d2基因片段,成功表达了Gh8d2重组蛋白,经SDS—PAGE凝胶电泳和Western印迹分析得到证实。成功获得重组蛋白及兔抗Gh8d2多克隆抗体。ELISA检测证实多克隆抗体效价〉1：320000。免疫组织化学分析显示,该基因编码的糖基转移酶在肝实质细胞内呈胞质模式表达分布。结论利用大肠埃希菌B121能够成功表达Gh8d2重组蛋白,获得高特异性、高效价兔抗Glt8d2重组蛋白的多克隆抗体,为今后研究Glt8d2基因的生物学功能研究奠定了基础。     

人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子基因克隆、cDNA5'端修饰及在大肠杆菌中的表达

采用cDNA PCR技术 ,从人胎盘cDNA文库DNA中克隆了人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (hbFGF)基因。用PCR突变法对其 5 端序列进行修饰 ,将天然和修饰后的hbFGF基因分别克隆至表达载体 pBV2 2 1,免疫印迹和SDS PAGE结果证明 ,经修饰后的基因在大肠杆菌DH5α中获得了表达 ,表达量占菌体总蛋白的 9%。     

牛疱疹病毒Ⅰ型ul49（VP22）基因的序列分析及其表达

以牛疱疹病毒Ⅰ型(BHV—Ⅰ)国内地方分离株感染的细胞培养物制备PCR模板,扩增出大小约0．77kb的ul49基因完整编码区片段,将扩增片段克隆到pMDl8—T载体中,获得含ul49基因的重组质粒pMD—VP22。采用双脱氧末端终止法进行序列测定,发现与国外Cooper株ul49基因序列完全一致,说明ul49基因相当保守。进一步将BHV—Ⅰul49完整编码区片段插入原核表达载体pET—28a和真核表达载体pEGFP—C1中,获得分别与6xHis融合的原核表达质粒pET—28aVP22和与EGFP融合的真核表达质粒pEGFPVP22。将pET—28aVP22转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导,SDS—PAGE电泳检测发现在38kDa处有一条特异性的表达带。利用脂质体介导,将pEGFPVP22转染PK—15细胞,经G418加压筛选,获得稳定表达VP22的细胞克隆。在倒置荧光显微镜直接检测未固定的活细胞,发现pEGFPVP22转染细胞能发出很强的荧光并主要集中在细胞核中,而对照载体pEGFP—C1转染细胞的荧光分布于脑浆。     

抗栓肽(Decorsin)在大肠杆菌中的克隆及表达

将人工合成的寡核苷酸片段进行体外连接 ,得到编码抗栓肽 (decorsin)的cDNA .将此cDNA克隆到表达载体pMAL p2x中 ,经核苷酸序列测定结果正确 .在大肠杆菌TB1中通过IPTG进行诱导表达 ,融合蛋白的表达量为 8%左右 .融合蛋白通过亲和柱一步纯化 ,SDS PAGE显示为一条主要蛋白质电泳条带 .血小板聚集实验表明 ,融合蛋白具有较强的抑制血小板聚集的功能 ,抑制常数IC50为 3 70nmol L .     

红斑丹毒丝菌SpaA蛋白保护区域的免疫学检测

为了确定菌体表面保护性抗原A（SpaA）的免疫保护区域,通过PCR从红斑丹毒丝菌C43065株基因组DNA中分别扩增出编码成熟SpaA及其N端342个氨基酸序列（SpaA-N）和C端160个氨基酸序列（SpaA—C）的基因片段,将它们分别克隆到表达载体pET32a上,转化入大肠埃希菌BL21,IPTG诱导,亲和层析法纯化重组蛋白,并检测它们对小鼠的保护作用。SDS—PAGE结果显示重组SpaA、SpaA-N和SpaA—C以可溶性形式表达在大肠埃希菌BL21细胞质中并具有良好的免疫原性。保护试验结果表明重组SpaA、SpaA—N和NaOH提取抗原完全保护小鼠受强毒株C43065的致死性感染,但重组SpaA—C没有保护作用。结果表明SpaA-N可以作为预防猪丹毒的亚单位疫苗。     

重组人胱抑素C的原核表达及鉴定

目的构建重组人胱抑素C（cystatinC,CysC）的原核高效表达质粒,诱导表达并纯化获得CysC重组蛋白。方法根据大肠埃希菌编码蛋白的特性设计CysC编码基因序列,人工合成目的基因克隆至pET-22b（＋）表达载体中,测序及酶切鉴定正确后诱导其在大肠埃希菌BL21中表达,所获得的包涵体蛋白经亲和层析纯化后采用SDS—PAGE及Western印迹鉴定。结果酶切结果证实构建的表达质粒结构正确;测序结果显示克隆的基因序列所编码的蛋白与GenBank中的CysC氨基酸序列相符;SDS-PAGE及Western印迹结果证实获得的重组CysC融合蛋白分子量约为16kD,经NP亲和层析纯化获得纯度大于90％的目的蛋白。结论建立了重组人CysC的原核高效表达系统并获得了CysC重组蛋白。     

抗HIV-1白喉免疫毒素的构建及原核表达

目的：构建重组DTA—hS120融合基因表达载体,并诱导其在大肠杆菌中表达。方法：通过PCR扩增,获得只含白喉毒素（DT）活性部位（DTA）的基因片段,将其克隆入原核表达载体pET-28a,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,IPTG诱导表达,经SDS—PAGE和Western印迹分析鉴定。结果：酶切及DNA序列测定鉴定质粒构建正确;SDS—PAGE和Western印迹分析证实,可表达出相对分子质量为54000的融合蛋白,与DTA—hS-20融合蛋白的分子量一致;经凝胶成像分析,其表达量约占菌体总蛋白的23％,表达形式主要为包涵体。结论：构建了DTA—hS-20重组表达质粒,并获得了高效表达,为进一步研究抗HIV-1治疗药物奠定了基础。     

大鼠酰胺化酶的信号肽引导的昆虫细胞表达外泌系统

将大鼠酰胺化酶的信号肽及前导肽编码序列引入昆虫核多角体病毒转移表达载体,构建ＰＡＢＣｈＧＲＦ（Ｇｌｙ）、ＰＡＢＣＩＧＦＩ融合基因的昆虫细胞分泌表达质粒ｐＢａｃＰＡＧ２、ｐＢａｃＰＡＩ,并与经修饰的银纹夜蛾核多角体病毒ＢａｃＰＡＫ６线性化ＤＮＡ共转染秋粘虫细胞Ｓｆ２１,通过同源重组、筛选和鉴定,得到它们的重组病毒ＢａｃＰＡＧ、ＢａｃＰＡＩ。将重组病毒感染Ｓｆ２１细胞,ＰＡＢＣｈＧＲＦ（Ｇｌｙ）和ＰＡＢＣＩＧＦＩ均得到有效外泌表达,表达产物通过ＩｇＧＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ柱可获得快速纯化。     

Identification of a C-terminal poly(A)-binding protein (PABP)-PABP interaction domain: role in cooperative binding to poly (A) and efficient cap distal translational repression

The poly(A)-binding protein (PABP), bound to the 3' poly(A) tail of eukaryotic mRNAs, plays critical roles in mRNA translation and stability. PABP autoregulates its synthesis by binding to a conserved A-rich sequence present in the 5'-untranslated region of PABP mRNA and repressing its translation. PABP is composed of two parts: the highly conserved N terminus, containing 4 RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) responsible for poly(A) and eIF4G binding; and the more variable C terminus, which includes the recently described PABC domain, and promotes intermolecular interaction between PABP molecules as well as cooperative binding to poly(A). Here we show that, in vitro, GST-PABP represses the translation of reporter mRNAs containing 20 or more A residues in their 5'-untranslated regions and remains effective as a repressor when an A61 tract is placed at different distances from the cap, up to 126 nucleotides. Deletion of the PABP C terminus, but not the PABC domain alone, significantly reduces its ability to inhibit translation when bound to sequences distal to the cap, but not to proximal ones. Moreover, cooperative binding by multiple PABP molecules to poly(A) requires the C terminus, but not the PABC domain. Further analysis using pull-down assays shows that the interaction between PABP molecules, mediated by the C terminus, does not require the PABC domain and is enhanced by the presence of RRM 4. In vivo, fusion proteins containing parts of the PABP C terminus fused to the viral coat protein MS2 have an enhanced ability to prevent the expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter mRNAs containing the MS2 binding site at distal distances from the cap. Altogether, our results identify a proline- and glutamine-rich linker located between the RRMs and the PABC domain as being strictly required for PABP/PABP interaction, cooperative binding to poly(A) and enhanced translational repression of reporter mRNAs in vitro and in vivo.     

High level expression of a synthetic gene coding for IgG-binding domain B of Staphylococcal protein A

A gene coding for one of the IgG-binding domains of Staphylococcal protein A, designated domain B, was chemically synthesized. This gene was tandemly repeated to give dimeric and tetrameric domain B genes by the use of two restriction enzymes which gave blunt ends. The genes were highly expressed in Escherichia coli to afford a large amount of dimeric and tetrameric domain B proteins. The single domain B protein was efficiently produced as a fusion protein with a salmon growth hormone fragment. The fusion protein was converted to monomeric domain B by cyanogen bromide cleavage. The CD spectra of the monomeric, dimeric and tetrameric domain B proteins were essentially the same as that of native form protein A, showing that their secondary structures were very similar. The dimeric and tetrameric domain B proteins formed precipitates with IgG as protein A. This system permits the efficient production of mutated single and multiple IgG-binding domains which can be used to study structural changes and protein A-immunoglobulin interactions.     

Solution structure of the orphan PABC domain from Saccharomyces cerevisiae poly(A)-binding protein

We have determined the solution structure of the PABC domain from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pab1p and mapped its peptide-binding site. PABC domains are peptide binding domains found in poly(A)-binding proteins (PABP) and are a subset of HECT-family E3 ubiquitin ligases (also known as hyperplastic discs proteins (HYDs)). In mammals, the PABC domain of PABP functions to recruit several different translation factors to the mRNA poly(A) tail. PABC domains are highly conserved, with high specificity for peptide sequences of roughly 12 residues with conserved alanine, phenylalanine, and proline residues at positions 7, 10, and 12. Compared with human PABP, the yeast PABC domain is missing the first alpha helix, contains two extra amino acids between helices 2 and 3, and has a strongly bent C-terminal helix. These give rise to unique peptide binding specificity wherein yeast PABC binds peptides from Paip2 and RF3 but not Paip1. Mapping of the peptide-binding site reveals that the bend in the C-terminal helix disrupts binding interactions with the N terminus of peptide ligands and leads to greatly reduced binding affinity for the peptides tested. No high affinity or natural binding partners from S. cerevisiae could be identified by sequence analysis of known PABC ligands. Comparison of the three known PABC structures shows that the features responsible for peptide binding are highly conserved and responsible for the distinct but overlapping binding specificities.     

Comparative peptide binding studies of the PABC domains from the ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase HYD and poly(A)-binding protein. Implications for HYD function

The PABC domain is a peptide-binding domain that is specifically found in poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) and a HECT ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase (E3) known as HYD (hyperplastic discs), EDD (E3 isolated by differential display), or Rat100. The PABC domain of PABP recruits various regulatory proteins and translation factors to poly(A) mRNAs through binding of a conserved 12-amino acid peptide motif, PAM2 (PABP-interacting motif 2). In contrast, little is known about the specificity or function of the domain from HYD. Here, we used isothermal calorimetry and surface plasmon resonance titrations to show that the PABC domain of HYD binds PAM2 peptides with micromolar affinity. NMR chemical shift perturbations were used to map the peptide-binding site in the PABC domain of HYD. The structural features of binding are very similar to those of the interactions with the domain of PABP, which explains the overlapping peptide specificity and binding affinity. We identified the anti-proliferative Tob proteins as potential binding partners of HYD. This was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pulldown and immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrating the interaction with full-length Tob2. Altogether, our results point to a role of the PABC domain as a protein-protein interaction domain that brings together the processes of translation, ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, and cell cycle control.     

Solution structure of the PABC domain from wheat poly (A)-binding protein: an insight into RNA metabolic and translational control in plants

In animals, the PABC domain from poly (A)-binding protein recruits proteins containing a specific interacting motif (PAM-2) to the mRNP complex. These proteins include Paip1, Paip2, and eukaryotic release factor 3 (eRF3), all of which regulate PABP function in translation. The following reports the solution structure of PABC from Triticum avestium (wheat) poly (A)-binding protein determined by NMR spectroscopy. Wheat PABC (wPABC) is an alpha-helical protein domain, which displays a fold highly similar to the human PABC domain and contains a PAM-2 peptide binding site. Through a bioinformatics search, several plant proteins containing a PAM-2 site were identified including the early response to dehydration protein (ERD-15), which was previously shown to regulate PABP-dependent translation. The plant PAM-2 proteins contain a variety of conserved sequences including a PABP-interacting 1 motif (PAM-1), RNA binding domains, an SMR endonuclease domain, and a poly (A)-nuclease regulatory domain, all of which suggest a function in either translation or mRNA metabolism. The proteins identified are well conserved throughout plant species but have no sequence homologues in metazoans. We show that wPABC binds to the plant PAM-2 motif with high affinity through a conserved mechanism. Overall, our results suggest that plant species have evolved a distinct regulatory mechanism involving novel PABP binding partners.     

Gene fusion vectors based on the gene for staphylococcal protein A

Two plasmid vectors, containing the gene coding for staphylococcal protein A and adapted for gene fusion, have been constructed. These vectors will allow fusion of any gene to the protein A gene, thus giving hybrid proteins which can be purified, in a one-step procedure, by IgG affinity chromatography. As an example of the practical use of such vectors, the protein A gene has been fused to the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli. E. coli strains containing such plasmids produce hybrid proteins with both IgG binding and β-galactosidase activities. The hybrid protein(s) can be immobilized on IgG-Sepharose by its protein A moiety with high efficiency without losing its enzymatic activity and they can be eluted from the column by competitive elution with pure protein A. The fused protein(s) also binds to IgG-coated microtiter wells which means that the in vivo product can be used as an enzyme conjugate in ELISA tests.     

Solution structure of the C-terminal domain from poly(A)-binding protein in Trypanosoma cruzi: a vegetal PABC domain

PABC is a phylogenetically conserved peptide-binding domain primarily found within the C terminus of poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs). This domain recruits a series of translation factors including poly(A)-interacting proteins (Paip1 and Paip2) and release factor 3 (RF3/GSPT) to the initiation complex on mRNA. Here, we determine the solution structure of the Trypanosoma cruzi PABC domain (TcPABC), a representative of the vegetal class of PABP proteins. TcPABC is similar to human PABC (hPABC) and consists of five alpha-helices, in contrast to the four helices observed in PABC domains from yeast (yPABC) and hyper plastic disk proteins (hHYD). A mobile N-terminal helix is observed in TcPABC that does not pack against the core of the protein, as found in hPABC. Characteristic to all PABC domains, the last four helices of TcPABC fold into a right-handed super coil. TcPABC demonstrates high-affinity binding to PABP interacting motif-2 (PAM-2) and reveals a peptide-binding surface homologous to that of hPABC. Our results demonstrate the last four helices in TcPABC are sufficient for peptide recognition and we predict a similar binding mode in PABC domains. Furthermore, these results point to the presence of putative PAM-2 site-containing proteins in trypanosomes.     

Tec家族蛋白酪氨酸激酶Itk PH结构域与OS-9蛋白的相互作用

用酵母双杂交技术筛选与ItkPH结构域相互作用的蛋白分子 ,以了解Itk的功能及其在T细胞信号转导中的位置与作用 .Itk的PH结构域扩增后克隆入酵母双杂交系统的pLexA载体 ,转化酵母细胞EGY4 8(p8op lacZ) ,经检测PH结构域无自激活作用 ,且对酵母细胞无毒性作用 .用PH结构域作为“钓饵”蛋白 ,在酵母双杂交系统中筛选构建于AD载体的T细胞cDNA文库 .将PH结构域及筛库所得基因片段分别进行融合表达 ,用于体外结合实验 ,进一步证实二者的相互作用 .经营养缺陷选择、诱导筛选和鉴定确证 ,筛库所得的插段约 15 0 0bp的文库质粒为一真阳性克隆 .经blast比较分析为骨肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤等肿瘤组织中高表达的os 9基因 .体外结合实验也表明 ,ItkPH结构域可与该基因表达产物结合 .Itk的PH结构域可与OS 9蛋白相互作用 .二者结合的意义有待进一步研究     

Epitope mapping and characterization of the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus glycoprotein, using fusion proteins synthesized in Escherichia coli.

A characterization of the antigenic determinants (epitopes) of the glycoprotein (G) of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus was made by expressing different regions of the G gene in Escherichia coli. A cDNA copy of the G gene was divided into four fragments by TaqI digestion, and the fragments were subcloned into pATH vectors, placing the expression of each G gene fragment under control of the trpE promoter. The resulting plasmids, pXL2, pXL3, and pXL7, encoded trpE-G fusion proteins subsequently detected with anti-infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus sera by Western immunoblots. A comparison of reactivities of the fusion proteins encoded by these plasmids was made by Western immunoblot and radioimmunoassay with a number of anti-G specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). The nonneutralizing MAb 136J reacted with the trpE-G fusion protein encoded by pXL3 and fusion proteins encoded by plasmids p52G and p618G, which were described in previous studies (R. D. Gilmore, Jr., H. M. Engelking, D. S. Manning, and J. C. Leong. Bio/Technology 6:295-300, 1988). Another nonneutralizing MAb, 2F, bound to the pXL3 fusion protein, and the neutralizing MAb RB/B5 recognized the pXL7 fusion protein. All fusion proteins were tested as vaccines in rainbow trout fry. Although significant protection was induced by all fusion proteins, the pXL3 fusion protein was most effective as a vaccine.