谷氨酸棒杆菌质粒pXZ10145自发缺失突变体的特性及其重组质粒的构建

用谷氨酸棒杆菌质粒pxz10145转化钝齿棒杆菌T 6—13原生质体,得到自发缺失突变体pNAT65,该质粒为2．4kb,仍带有氯霉素抗性,经物理图谱分析表明,质粒pxz10145smaⅠ到claⅠ位点之间的片段已缺失,仍保留EcoRⅠ、XbaⅠ、BclⅠ三个酶的单切点。质粒pNAT65与pBR322用EcoRⅠ酶切连接得到重组质粒pNAR67,这一质粒在E．Coli中复制并表现Ap, Tc抗性,但氯霉素抗性能力大大降低,只能抗2μg／ml。     

棒杆菌质粒pXZ10145复制功能区定位

将棒杆菌质粒pXZ10145或pNAT65的不同酶切片段装入大肠杆菌质粒pACYCl77中构建了pTSK系列重组质粒。转化棒状类细菌的实验结果确定了质粒pXZ10145上复制必需区的位置。质粒pXZ10145复制最小必需区定位在NaeI-NruI的1.2kb片段上,在这个片段上只有一个约940碱基的阅读框架。它编码一个质粒复制因子,以对位作用方式协助那些不能自我复制但复制起始区仍保持完整的pTSK质粒在棒状类细菌中复制。质粒pXZ10145复制起始区在一个NaeI-SalI的0.3kb片段上,位于已确定的复制因子编码框架中。     

质粒pXZ101 45DNA转化棒杆菌原生质体的研究

用SDS处理谷氨酸棒杆菌1014(Corynebacterium glutamicum 1014),获得消除质粒的衍生株1014—6。通过质粒pXZl0145(Cmr)转化1014—6菌株的原生质体,研究了转化最适条件。0．6u／ml青霉素处理对数期菌体可明显提高转化效率。转化促进剂PEG以分子量6000,浓度30％为最佳。转化在37℃水浴进行3min效果最好。转化效率最高可达2×104转化子/μg DNA。质粒pXZ10145电已成功地转入钝齿棒杆菌B9(C．Crenatu B9)。并在新 宿主中基本保持稳定。     

抗噬菌体重组钝齿棒杆菌的生理稳定性

为了探索抗噬菌体重组钝齿棒杆菌的应用可行性,对重组质粒pJL23-cglⅠ在钝齿棒杆菌中的稳定性以及其对宿主细胞生长代谢的影响进行了研究。实验结果表明,重组质粒在钝齿棒杆菌中具有较好的稳定性,它在钝齿棒杆菌中的存在对重组菌株的早期生长有些影响,但未影响重组菌株的谷氨酸产生量。     

限制修饰系统cglI赋予钝齿棒杆菌抗噬菌体功能活性

为解决氨基酸发酵工业中的噬菌体污染问题, 对cglI基因复合体在钝齿棒杆菌中的功能活性表达进行研究。通过PCR从谷氨酸棒杆菌基因组扩增cglI基因复合体, 构建重组质粒pJL23-cglI, 转化钝齿棒杆菌T6-13后得到重组菌株。定性和定量检测重组菌株的噬菌体抗性。实验结果表明, 携带cglI基因复合体的重组钝齿棒杆菌显示了明显的抗噬菌体功能活性和较广的抗噬菌体谱, 进而证实了cglI基因复合体用于构建钝齿棒杆菌抗噬菌体菌株的可行性, 为解决氨基酸发酵生产中的噬菌体污染问题提供了一种有效方法。     

限制修饰系统cglI赋予钝齿棒杆菌抗噬菌体功能活性

为解决氨基酸发酵工业中的噬菌体污染问题, 对cglI基因复合体在钝齿棒杆菌中的功能活性表达进行研究。通过PCR从谷氨酸棒杆菌基因组扩增cglI基因复合体, 构建重组质粒pJL23-cglI, 转化钝齿棒杆菌T6-13后得到重组菌株。定性和定量检测重组菌株的噬菌体抗性。实验结果表明, 携带cglI基因复合体的重组钝齿棒杆菌显示了明显的抗噬菌体功能活性和较广的抗噬菌体谱, 进而证实了cglI基因复合体用于构建钝齿棒杆菌抗噬菌体菌株的可行性, 为解决氨基酸发酵生产中的噬菌体污染问题提供了一种有效方法。     

棒状杆菌启动功能片段的克隆和顺序测定

利用大肠杆菌(Escherichia Coli）的白动子探针质粒pGA46-4,从谷氨酸棒状杆菌(Corynebacrerium glutainicum）染色体DNA中筛选启动功能片段,并测定了重组质粒pGA46-4上的一个约0.4kb的启动功能片段的核营酸顺序。利用pGA46-4和棒状杆菌质粒pXZ10145的EcoRI大片段组建了在大肠杆菌和力士棒杆菌(Corvnebacierium herculis）中都能复制的穿梭质粒pXZ10。     

适用于异源DNA高效整合转化的谷氨酸棒杆菌电转化法

根据最近文献报道的方法,以基因组测序用典型菌株Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032为宿主,采用E.coli-C.glutamicum穿梭质粒pC2以及可以整合到谷氨酸棒杆菌基因组DNA上的质粒pAK进行电转化条件优化的实验,建立了一种简便的,适用于异源DNA高效整合转化的谷氨酸棒杆菌电转化方法。建立的新方法与原方法相比,细胞预培养时间缩短4h,细胞培养时间缩短1d左右。细胞培养基被简化,不再需要添加进口生化试剂。转化率可达5.5×106cfu／μgDNA,是一种适用于异源DNA高效整合转化的谷氨酸棒杆菌电转化法。     

以葡萄糖为底物一步法合成γ-氨基丁酸整合型重组钝齿棒杆菌的构建

[目的]为了构建一株直接利用廉价的葡萄糖合成γ-氨基丁酸的重组钝齿棒杆菌,将来自于植物乳杆菌γ-氨基丁酸合成途径的关键酶谷氨酸脱羧酶基因(lpgad)在产谷氨酸菌株钝齿棒杆菌中进行整合表达,实现葡萄糖到GABA的一步法生产.[方法]运用PCR技术扩增得到带有tac启动子的谷氨酸脱羧酶基因tacgad.通过重叠PCR的方法获得钝齿棒杆菌精氨酸合成途径关键酶N-乙酰谷氨酸激酶(NAGK)基因内部缺失型基因△argB.利用自杀载体pK18mobsacB构建同源整合载体pK18-△argB::tacgad,以△argB的上下游序列为同源臂,通过两次同源重组将tacgad基因整合到钝齿棒杆菌基因组,同时将NAGK基因argB灭活,利用蔗糖致死基因sacB反向筛选标记筛选得到谷氨酸脱羧酶的重组钝齿棒杆菌C.crenatum △argB::tacgad.重组钝齿棒杆菌以葡萄糖为底物进行发酵,测定GABA含量.[结果]重组菌C.crenatum △argB::tacgad成功表达谷氨酸脱羧酶,同时阻断了精氨酸合成途径对谷氨酸到GABA代谢途径的竞争,粗酶液基本检测不到NAGK活性,发酵液无精氨酸合成.通过96 h发酵,重组菌可积累约8.28 g/L的GABA.[结论]本研究通过将谷氨酸脱羧酶基因定向整合到钝齿棒杆菌精氨酸合成途径的关键酶基因argB内部,成功表达谷氨酸脱羧酶的同时阻断竞争途径精氨酸的合成.本研究为实现直接利用葡萄糖合成GABA的一步法生产奠定了基础.     

钝齿棒杆菌argR基因缺失株构建及其缺失对精氨酸生物合成途径相关基因转录水平的影响

[目的]钝齿棒杆菌AS 1.542中argR基因编码的蛋白ArgR在精氨酸生物合成途径中扮演负调控的角色,但其对相关基因在转录水平的影响还未见报道.因此,本课题组构建了钝齿棒杆菌argR基因缺失株,并在转录水平上比较野生株与缺失株精氨酸生物合成途径相关基因的变化.[方法]采用无痕敲除的方法构建了钝齿棒杆菌argR基因缺失株,并采用荧光定量PCR方法分析缺失株和野生株精氨酸生物合成途径相关基因在转录水平的变化.[结果]利用pK18mobsacB质粒中蔗糖致死基因sacB反向筛选标记及PCR方法成功筛选到钝齿棒杆菌argR基因缺失株;荧光定量PCR结果表明,argR基因缺失株精氨酸生物合成途径中相关基因在转录水平获得大量提高,平均约上调162.13倍.[结论]钝齿棒杆菌精氨酸生物合成途径的相关基因受负调控蛋白ArgR的显著调控,但其基因的敲除并没有引起精氨酸产量发生明显的变化.     

Protoplast transformation in coryneform bacteria and introduction of an alpha-amylase gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens into Brevibacterium lactofermentum

The goal of this study was to investigate the likelihood of developing useful transformation systems for coryneform bacteria. Two species of coryneform bacteria, Brevibacterium lactofermentum and Corynebacterium lilium, were transformed with chimeras constructed from pUB110 and a cryptic coryneform plasmid (pGX1901). C. lilium protoplasts were also efficiently transfected with phage CS1 DNA. High transformation and transfection frequencies were obtained after only 2 min of lysozyme treatment of lysozyme-sensitive mutants. A series of experiments was also conducted to determine whether DNA from other species of important industrial microbes from the genus Bacillus could be expressed in coryneform bacteria. Evidence of restriction of Bacillus subtilis DNA by B. lactofermentum was observed but could be overcome. A Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase gene (amyEBamP) was subcloned onto a plasmid able to replicate in B. lactofermentum. B. lactofermentum transformants for this plasmid expressed amylase activity and produced material cross-reactive to amylase antibody.     

Protoplast transformation in coryneform bacteria and introduction of an alpha-amylase gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens into Brevibacterium lactofermentum.

The goal of this study was to investigate the likelihood of developing useful transformation systems for coryneform bacteria. Two species of coryneform bacteria, Brevibacterium lactofermentum and Corynebacterium lilium, were transformed with chimeras constructed from pUB110 and a cryptic coryneform plasmid (pGX1901). C. lilium protoplasts were also efficiently transfected with phage CS1 DNA. High transformation and transfection frequencies were obtained after only 2 min of lysozyme treatment of lysozyme-sensitive mutants. A series of experiments was also conducted to determine whether DNA from other species of important industrial microbes from the genus Bacillus could be expressed in coryneform bacteria. Evidence of restriction of Bacillus subtilis DNA by B. lactofermentum was observed but could be overcome. A Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase gene (amyEBamP) was subcloned onto a plasmid able to replicate in B. lactofermentum. B. lactofermentum transformants for this plasmid expressed amylase activity and produced material cross-reactive to amylase antibody.     

钝齿棒杆菌N-乙酰谷氨酸激酶基因的克隆、序列分析及表达

以钝齿棒杆菌(Corynebacterium crenatum)野生株AS 1.542及产精氨酸突变株971.1的基因组为模板,用PCR方法扩增出N-乙酰谷氨酸激酶基因(argB)片段。核酸序列分析结果表明,该片段全长1505bp,包含一个ORF,推测此ORF区编码一条317个氨基酸的多肽,分子量为33.6kDa。C.crenatum野生株AS 1.542与突变株971.1的argB基因序列比较,发现只在结构区有一个核苷酸的差别但没有引起氨基酸变化。野生株AS 1.542argB基因的编码区核苷酸序列与C.glutamicumATCC 13032、Corynebacterium efficiensYS-314和Escherichia colik12的同源性分别是99.89%、76.62%和37.94%,而氨基酸同源性分别是100%、78.55%和25.25%。在C.crenatum argB基因上游存在启动子区域。经IPTG诱导该基因在棒杆菌中得到有效表达,野生株AS 1.542为宿主的重组子酶活明显提高。突变株971.1为宿主的重组菌酶活提高一倍,精氨酸积累提高约25%。     

Development of the vector-host system in Corynebacterium. Cloning and expression of homoserine dehydrogenase and homoserine kinase genes in Corynebacterium cells

Novel cloning vectors for glutamic acid producing bacteria have been constructed. The cryptic plasmid pBO1 (4.4 kb) from Brevibacterium sp. recombined with the plasmid pACYC184 (4.0 kb) from Escherichia coli was used to produce composite plasmid named pKA1. The plasmid could propagate and express the Cm-r phenotype in E. coli and coryneform glutamic acid producing bacteria Br. flavum, C. glutamicum, Br. lactofermentum. The pKA1 plasmid and its variants deleted within non-essential plasmid regions with unique restriction sites HindIII, SalGI, SphI were used in cloning experiments. The genes coding for threonine biosynthesis of C. glutamicum and Br. flavum were subcloned into shuttle vectors in C. glutamicum cells. Recombinant plasmids were introduced into protoplasts by polyethylenglycol-mediated transformation of plasmid DNAs. It was shown that the presence of plasmids containing the Br. flavum thrA2 gene in C. glutamicum (thrB) caused 10-fold increase in homoserine dehydrogenase activity, as compared to that of wild type strain, and in homoserine production.     

Transfer of the broad-host-range IncQ plasmid RSF1010 and other plasmid vectors to the Gram-positive methylotroph Brevibacterium methylicum by electrotransformation

Gram-positive facultative methylotrophic coryneform bacterium Brevibacterium methylicum was efficiently transformed with various plasmids using electroporation of intact cells. In addition to the plasmid vectors pEC71 and pZ6-1 constructed on the basis of cryptic plasmids from coryneform bacteria, broad-host-range plasmids pLS5 (derivative of plasmid pMV158 from Streptococcus agalactiae) and RSF1010 belonging to the incompatibility group IncQ from Gram-negative bacteria were found to be present as autonomous structurally unchanged DNA molecules in B. methylicum transformants. With the exception of pZ6-1, all these plasmids were stably maintained in B. methylicum cells grown under non-selective conditions. When plasmid DNAs isolated from B. methylicum were used, the highest efficiency of transformation (10⁵ transformants/g DNA) was achieved. Correspondence to: J. Nevera     

High efficiency electroporation of intact Corynebacterium glutamicum cells

High-frequency electroporation of whole Corynebacterium glutamicum cells without enzymatic pretreatment was achieved. Under optimized conditions concerning growth stage, washing of cells, cell concentration and pulse parameter transformation efficiencies of far more than 10(7) transformants per microgram pWST4B plasmid DNA were reached. Using electroporation, linearised and subsequently religated plasmid as well as chimeric ligase reaction products were directly introduced into C. glutamicum with reasonable efficiencies. Electrotransformation efficiency was reduced about 10(5)-fold for plasmid DNA cycled through E. coli JM83. Restriction deficient mutants of C. glutamicum were isolated which could be efficiently transformed with foreign DNA.     

谷氨酸棒杆菌10147基因组中启动子活性片段的克隆与分析

摘要：【目的】获得谷氨酸棒杆菌10147基因组中具有启动子活性片段的结构序列,为构建表达载体做准备。【方法】利用启动子探测载体pAKC6,采用鸟枪法克隆经过限制性内切酶Sau3A I完全酶切的谷氨酸棒杆菌10147染色体DNA片段,并测定pAKC6上报告基因编码的氯霉素乙酰转移酶（CAT）的比活力,以筛选有启动子功能的片段。【结果】共克隆到30个具有启动子功能的片段。其中有三个插入片段起动的氯霉素乙酰转移酶比活力大于24 U/mg,插入片段F57起动的CAT比活力为32.50 U/mg;而插入有启动子Ptrc的阳性对照的CAT比活力为26.33 U/mg。【结论】获得三个DNA插入片段具有与已知启动子Ptrc相当的启动活性,这些片段可以用于构建谷氨酸棒杆菌表达载体。     

Protoplast transformation of glutamate-producing bacteria with plasmid DNA

A method for polyethylene glycol-induced protoplast transformation of glutamate-producing bacteria with plasmid DNA was established. Protoplasts were prepared from cells grown in the presence of penicillin by treatment with lysozyme in a hypertonic medium. The concentration of penicillin during growth affected the efficiency of formation, regeneration, and polyethylene glycol-induced DNA uptake of protoplasts. Regeneration of protoplasts was accomplished on a hypertonic agar medium containing sodium succinate and yeast extract. The spectinomycin and streptomycin resistance plasmid pCG4, originally from Corynebacterium glutamicum T250, could transform various glutamate-producing bacteria such as C. glutamicum, Corynebacterium herculis, Brevibacterium flavum, and Microbacterium ammoniaphilum. The plasmid was structurally unchanged and stably maintained in new hosts. The transformation frequency of most competent protoplasts with pCG4 DNA isolated from primary transformants was high (ca. 10(6) transformants per microgram of covalently closed circular DNA) but was still two orders of magnitude below the frequency of transfection with modified DNA of the bacteriophage phi CGI. The difference was ascribed to the involvement of regeneration in transformation.