Changes in the microbial ecology and morphology of large intestine biofilm in albino rats under the influence of rifampicin

After oral administration in single doses of 40 and 160 mg/kg to Wistar rats rifampicin was detected in 3 hours in the contents of the large intestine The maximum rifampicin concentrations in the feces (120 and 300 micrograms/g) were detected in 24 hours. The antibiotic was present in the animal feces for 6-7 days. The antibiotic administration led to marked changes in microbiocenosis of the large intestine: disappearance of coccal flora, lower quantities of Escherichia and Lactobacillus and lower total quantities of anaerobic bacteria. It was also accompanied by changes in the structure of the typhlon biofilm. By the 28th day after discontinuation of the antibiotic administration (the end of the observation period) the large intestine microflora did not recover completely.     

Study of general toxic and organotropic properties of ampicillin combined with sulbactam]

The effect of sulacillin, a combination of sulbactam and ampicillin (1:2), on the functions of the liver and kidneys, peripheral blood count, cardiovascular and central nervous systems was studied in acute and chronic experiments on animals of various species. The allergenic and local irritating properties of the combination were also studied. It was shown that the combination was low toxic and the interaction of sulbactam and ampicillin by the lethal effect was additive. When the combination was administered intravenously to mice, its LD50 amounted to 6 g/kg. In chronic experiments on rats parenterally given the combination in doses equivalent to the therapeutic ones there were no changes in the examined systems and organs. When used in the doses exceeding the therapeutic ones, sulacillin used during long periods induced a transitory elevation of blood levels of transaminases and alkaline phosphatases, an increase in the relative weight of the liver and kidneys, elongation the typhlon and an increase in glycogen levels in the hepatocytes without morphological changes. The combination had no significant effect of sulacillin and the painful injections alleviated by local anesthesia were recorded. The allergenic properties of the combination were moderate and did not differ from those of ampicillin. The data indicate that the combined sulacillin preparation greatly resembles its foreign analogue.     

Changes in Germination and Seedling Traits of Sesame under Simulated Drought

Drought is considered one of the leading abiotic constraints to agricultural crop production globally. Present study was conducted to assess the effects of different drought treatments (viz. Control, 10% PEG, and 20% PEG) on seed germination, germination indices, seedling traits, and drought tolerance indices of sesame. Our results showed that maximum reduction in the studied parameters was observed at higher PEG concentration (i.e., 20% PEG). As compared to control, the drought treatments viz. 10% and 20% PEG decreased the values for germination indices, such as germination percentage, coefficient of variation of germination time, germination index, and seedling vigor index. Similarly, for seedling traits, the values were decreased for root length, shoot length, root shoot ratio, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight and shoot dry weight under 10% and 20% PEG treatments significantly in comparison with control. Furthermore, relative to control, the values for drought tolerance indices, such as germination drought tolerance index, root length drought tolerance index, shoot length drought tolerance index, total seedling length drought tolerance index, root fresh weight drought tolerance index, shoot fresh weight drought tolerance index, total fresh weight drought tolerance index, root dry weight drought tolerance index, shoot dry weight drought tolerance index and total dry weight drought tolerance index were also reduced under 10% and 20% PEG treatments, respectively. Our results confirms that drought impact on seed germination and seedling traits could be quantified by using different indices which can further help to design drought adaptation and mitigation strategies. Based on these results it can be concluded that germination indices, seedling traits, and drought tolerance indices have great potential to simulate drought stress impacts on different crop traits thus they should be used in all kinds of stress related studies.     

跟骨强度指数与影响因素相关性分析

目的：探讨跟骨强度指数与其影响因素的相关性。方法：共入选1024例体检人员。（1）通过Achilles定量超声（QUS）系统测量左跟骨强度指数;（2）使用RGC-120型体重秤测量身高、体重并计算体重指数;（3）通过问卷调查收集体检人员年龄、膳食、运动、吸烟、饮酒等影响因素的相关资料;（4）将各影响因素与跟骨强度指数进行相关分析和多元逐步回归分析。结果：（1）直线相关分析结果显示,跟骨强度指数与身高、体重、体重指数、饮用牛奶年数、运动年数呈正相关（;2）多因素逐步回归分析显示,跟骨强度指数仅与体重指数、运动年数具有显著的回归效果。结论：体重指数与运动年数是跟骨强度指数的独立影响因素,对骨质疏松的诊断与预防具有重要的意义。     

油菜(Brassica napus L)收获指数的变异

本文首次采用田间试验的方法对国内油菜收获指数的变异进行了研究．结果表明不同油菜品种的收获指数存在变异,其变异规律大致是：１）中熟品种的收获指数高于早熟品种及晚熟品种;２）中长角果的品种较长角品种具有更高的收获指数;３）高产的新品种具有较高的收获指数;４）油菜粒壳比,角杆比及千粒重与收获指数呈正相关,杆重与收获指数呈负相关．     

烟草不同基因型耐低氮能力差异评价

以单株叶重及其氮素反应指数作为耐低氮能力的评价指标,分析了烟草种质资源的耐低氮能力以及单株叶重及其氮素反应指数与主要农艺性状间的相关关系。结果表明,不同施氮水平下多数农艺性状基因型间差异较大,在低氮水平下表现最大;和其他农艺性状相比,单株叶重在不同氮素水平间平均差异最大。不同施氮水平下,单株叶重均与最大叶叶面积、单株生物量呈显著或极显著正相关;单株叶重的氮素反应指数与单株叶重、生物量呈显著或极显著正相关,且低氮水平下单株叶重的氮素反应指数与上述性状间的相关性比中氮水平下更为密切。在供试的36个烟草品种中,永定400号、金烟6号、红花大金元、G80、Nc82等烟草种质具有较强的耐低氮能力,可以作为氮高效的烟草品种利用。     

The effect of past and current hosts on reproductive investment by the adult cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora

Abstract 1. A general index of accumulated investment that alate aphids make into reproduction with respect to environmental changes (specifically changes in host at adult moult) was investigated to determine whether and how reproduction in Aphis craccivora Koch changes once aphids migrate to a different host from the one on which they were born and reared. The aphids were monitored for 4 days to determine the immediate effects of a change in host.
2. A general index of accumulated investment defined as reproductive index was used; reproductive index is equal to the reproductive output (weight of nymphs born; actual fecundity) plus potential reproduction (weight of embryos within the ovarioles with red eye spots; future fecundity).
3. The results revealed that reproductive index is affected by adult weight. The host on which the aphids have been born and reared (source host) has no effect on reproduction other than its influence on adult weight.     

水稻不同基因型耐低氮能力差异评价

以水稻单株谷重及其氮素反应指数作为耐低氮能力指标,分析不同施氮水平下水稻种质资源的耐低氮能力以及单株谷重及其氮素反应指数与其他农艺性状的相关关系。结果表明,水稻种质资源的耐低氮能力在不同施氮水平间均有较大差异,多数农艺性状的表型差异顺序为未施氮〉施低氮〉普通施氮;不同施氮水平间单株谷重、单株草重和穗数的差异大于其他农艺性状。在不同施氮水平下,单株谷重与单株草重均呈极显著正相关;单株谷重的氮素反应指数与单株谷重、单株草重和谷草比均呈极显著正相关。在未施氮水平下,单株谷重与株高、穗数、穗粒数和单株草重的相关性以及单株谷重的氮素反应指数与穗数、单株谷重、单株草重和谷草比的相关性比施低氮或普通施氮水平更为密切。花峰稻、中作9059、旱稻9号、旱稻502和IRAT359等种质资源表现较迟钝的氮素反应,具有较强的耐低氮能力。     

Lower birth weight of offspring born after self-poisoning of parent.

Birth weight was evaluated in 777 and 217 livebirths, respectively, of index females and female partners of index males born before and after severe self-poisoning with drugs. Birth weight was also evaluated in matched controls. Babies born to index females months or years after an attempted self-poisoning were found to have a lower birth weight than before this suicide attempt. The difference in the birth weight of subsequent pregnancies of index and control females was also highly significant. A similar trend was observed in livebirths of female partners of index males. However, the differences were not significant between previous and subsequent pregnancies and between index cases and matched controls.     

Effects of age and obesity on the conversion of androstenedione to estrone in postmenopausal women

The effects of aging as well as body weight on conversion of circulating Androstendione (A) to Estrone (E1) in 21 postmenopausal women of different ages and body weights have been studied. Serum concentration of A and E1 were measured by RIA. The E1/A ratio was correlated with total body weight, body mass index, excessive body weight, age and years after cessation of menstruation. The results show that the E1/A ratio was significantly correlated with total body weight, body mass index and excessive body weight. In contrast the E1/A ratio is not significantly correlated with age or years after cessation of menstruation.     

不同营养评价方法对住院患者营养状况评价的比较及意义

目的:分析比较身高标准体重法、体质指数法(BMI法)、体质指数校正法与生物电阻抗测量方法在住院患者营养评价中的意义。方法:随机抽取我院内科176名患者作为观察对象,用以上4种方法分别进行营养状况评价,测量结果采用单因素卡方分析法和Ridit分析比较。结果:用4种方法评价同一群体住院病人的营养状况时,其结果的差异有显著意义。结论:评判体脂和肥胖时应该首选能反映身体脂肪量及比例和身体内脂肪分布的腰臀比指标。标准体重法、BMI法和BMI校正法三种方法,在评价住院患者的营养状况时,最好能将腰臀比指标与其他指标共同使用。     

崇明东滩海岸带生态系统退化诊断体系的构建

基于压力-状态-响应(PSR)概念模型,构建了崇明东滩海岸带农田、湿地和近海生态系统退化评价的指标体系,采用层次分析法和熵权法相结合的乘法合成法得到各评价指标的权重,并通过指标值的地理空间量化和空间聚类分析了各生态系统的退化程度.结果表明:2005年,东滩海岸带生态系统的退化程度在空间上可分为4个级区,1级区、2级区、3级区和4级区的退化程度依次加重;重金属含量的权重在近海、湿地和农田生态系统中均最大,分别为0.65、0.20和0.26;对湿地生态系统影响较大的指标还有鸟类多样性指数、土地利用强度和外来物种互花米草的盖度,其权重分别为0.26、0.16和0.10;影响农田生态系统较大的因素还有土地利用强度,权重为0.22.     

Associations of body mass index and waist:hip ratio with hypertension.

Canada Fitness Survey data for people aged 20 to 69 years were analysed by means of linear discriminant analysis to determine the effect of age, weight relative to height (body mass index) and weight distribution (waist:hip ratio) on hypertension (defined as diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or more) for both sexes separately. All three variables had independent effects on hypertension, but partial correlation coefficients indicated that the contribution of waist:hip ratio was secondary to that of body mass index. The association of measurements of body fat (five skinfold measurements) with hypertension was also examined; overall these measurements gave no advantage over the more simply measured body mass index. The results confirm the importance of assessing the predominant location of body fat and the body mass index when examining excess weight in relation to disease.     

苹果果实生长的数学模型及各生长指标间的相关性分析

以富士苹果(Malus domestica‘Fuji’)为试材,测定其果实生长发育期间各生长指标的动态变化,选择5种理论生长方程对纵径、横径、单果重、体积、干重进行拟合,并根据拟合结果确定合适的生长方程建立各生长指标的数学模型,采用多项式拟合建立果形指数变化的数学模型,同时对果实各生长指标之间进行相关性分析。结果表明,果实纵径、横径生长适合选择Logistic方程,单果重、体积、干重适合选择Gompertz方程,果形指数的变化适合采用多项式拟合;果实纵径、横径、单果重、体积、干重两两之间均呈显著正相关,果形指数、果实干物质相对含量均与纵径、横径、单果重、体积、干重之间呈显著负相关,果实密度与纵径、横径、单果重、体积、干重之间呈显著负相关,而与果形指数、果实干物质相对含量之间呈显著正相关。     

Independent effects of weight change and attained body weight on prevalence of arterial hypertension in obese and non-obese men.

OBJECTIVE--To assess the relations among prevalence of arterial hypertension, history of weight change, and current body weight in the range from normal weight to severe obesity. DESIGN--Retrospective analysis of medical records of men registered with Danish military authorities from 1943 to 1977 and followed up four to 40 years later. SETTING--Draft board of Copenhagen and surrounding counties and the rest of Sjaelland and surrounding islands. SUBJECTS--964 Men who were severely obese (body mass index greater than or equal to kg/m2 at the first examination) and 1134 random controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Blood pressure and weight. RESULTS--Hypertension was more prevalent in subjects with an unchanged body mass index as that index increased over the range studied. At any body mass index hypertension was more prevalent in subjects who had increased to this index and less common in those who had decreased to it than in those who had stayed the same weight since the first examination. Hypertension among controls was most common in those subjects who had become obese during adulthood. CONCLUSIONS--Changes in body weight have a great influence on arterial hypertension independent of the effect of attained weight, particularly in obese subjects.     

Ponderal indices at birth

At birth, the index weight/height is the highest correlated with weight, height and cephalic perimeter, for the index of Quételet (BMI) the correlations are also significant although lower. In both cases, the variation with age is significant. For the Rohrer index, the situation is different, the changes with age being almost absent. In front of these results, can we decide which index would be adequate to establish the nutritional status at birth? For Cole (1986), for such a ponderal index the correlation with height would have to be absent. Rolland-Cachera (1982) proposed also that the correlations with height would be absent but would be high with weight. In the case of the newborns of our study the only index being not correlated to height is the Rohrer index with low correlation also with the cephalic perimeter and high correlation with weight (although here the correlation is even higher with BMI and W/H). During the utero-placentary disfunction the foetal weight is affected but not height and cephalic perimeter: in this case, the advantage is also to an index correlated with weight but not with height.     

Power spectrum entropy of acceleration time-series during movement as an indicator of smoothness of movement

We propose a novel indicator for smoothness of movement, i.e., the power spectrum entropy of the acceleration time-series, and compare it with conventional indices of smoothness. For this purpose, nineteen healthy adults (21.3+/-2.5 years old) performed the task of raising and lowering a beaker between the level of the umbilicus and eye level under the two following conditions: one with the beaker containing water and the other with the beaker containing a weight of the same mass as the water. Moving the beaker up and down when it contained water required extra control to prevent the water from being spilled. This means that movement was not as smooth as when the beaker contained a weight. Under these two conditions, entropy was measured along with a traditional indicator of smoothness of movement, the jerk index. The entropy could distinguish just as well as the jerk index (p<0.01) between when water was used and when the weight was used. The entropy correlated highly with the jerk index, with Spearman's rho at 0.88 (p<0.01). These results showed that the entropy derived from the spectrum of the acceleration time-series during movement is useful as an indicator of the smoothness of that movement.     

Testicular characteristics of goldfish Carassius auratus,in nature and under diet limitations

Goldfish testes were nutritionally regressed in about 115 days regardless of season and without controlled light or temperature. A gonosomatic index (testes weight ″ 100/body weight) of the regressed fish was about one tenth that of spawning fish. The regressed testes were primarily composed of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and connective tissue. Fish testes were maintained in a regressed state for over 200 days with no change in gonosomatic index. Fish with regressed testes appeared to be in a state of “pseudohypophysectomy” with respect to gonadotropin. Pituitary replacement and a diet of 5% of the body weight per day initiated spermatogenesis and brought the regressed testes to functional maturity in one month. The results suggest that spermatogonial proliferation and the maturation of sperm have different regulatory requirements.     

中国骨干玉米自交系抗旱性分析与评价

在新疆典型干旱、半干旱地区,通过玉米自交系的14个主要产量性状对干旱胁迫的响应特征进行分析,用主成分分析法筛选其抗旱性的主要鉴定指标,并采用抗旱系数和抗旱指数对自交系的抗旱性进行聚类分析,综合评价47份自交系的抗旱性。结果显示:(1)干旱导致玉米自交系株高、穗位高、叶绿素含量降低,果穗短小,秃尖增大,穗行数和行粒数减小,千粒重和穗粒重降低,最终造成产量下降。(2)各自交系抗旱性强弱与干旱条件下的穗粒重、穗粗、行粒数、千粒重、株高、穗位高、穗长、秃尖长、穗行数、叶绿素含量等性状具有较密切的关系,其中抗旱性表现较好的自交系是掖52106、英64、478等,其次是Mo17Ht、Mo17、丹340、郑58、X178、C103等。研究表明,在育种实践中,田间自交系抗旱性筛选应以穗粒重、穗粗、行粒数、千粒重、株高、穗位高、穗长、秃尖长、穗行数、叶绿素含量等为主要指标,并结合产量抗旱系数、抗旱指数对自交系抗旱性进行综合评价。     

鸿雁卵、家鹅卵主要物理性状的比较研究

通过对鸿雁卵和家鹅卵的主要物理性状指标的测定、计算,获得它们的蛋型指数,蛋壳厚度,蛋白、蛋黄和蛋壳在总重量中各自所占比例等实际指标,经统计分析分别得出了蛋重和蛋黄重,蛋重与壳比例,蛋壳厚度与壳的比例等几对性状之间的相对系数。结果表明：家鹅卵重量大于鸿雁卵,鸿雁卵蛋壳厚度大于家鹅卵,而两者的其他物理性状的变化规律基本一致。