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Establishment of the diploid gynogenetic hybrid clonal line of red crucian carp × common carp 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
ShaoJun Liu Wei Duan Min Tao Chun Zhang YuanDong Sun JiaMin Shen Jing Wang KaiKun Luo Yun Liu 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2007,50(2):186-193
This study investigated the gynogenetic cytobiological behavior of the third gynogenetic generation (G3), which was generated from the diploid eggs produced by the second gynogenetic generation (G2) of red crucian carp × common carp, and determined the chromosomal numbers of G3, G2×scatter scale carp and G2×allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp × common carp. The results showed that the diploid eggs of G2 with 100 chromosomes, activated by UV-irradiated sperm from scatter scale carp and without the treatment for doubling the chromosomes, could develop into G3 with 100 chromosomes. Similar to the first and second gynogenetic generations (G1 and G2), G3 was also diploid (2n=100) and presented the hybrid traits. The triploids (3n=150) and tetraploids (4n=200) were produced by crossing G2 with scatter scale carp and crossing G2 with allotetraploids, respectively. The extrusion of the second polar body in the eggs of G2 ruled out the possibility that the retention of the second polar body led to the formation of the diploid eggs. In addition, we discussed the mechanism of the formation of the diploid eggs generated by G2. The establishment of the diploid gynogenesis clonal line (G1, G2 and G3) provided the evidence that the diploid eggs were able to develop into a new diploid hybrid clonal line by gynogenesis. By producing the diploid eggs as a unique reproductive way, the diploid gyno- genetic progeny of allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp × common carp had important signifi- cances in both biological evolution and production application. 相似文献
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DUAN Wei QIN QinBo CHEN Song LIU ShaoJun WANG Jing ZHANG Chun SUN YuanDong
& LIU Yun
《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2007,50(6):753-761
& LIU Yun
《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2007,50(6):753-761
Bisexual fertile diploid androgenetic individuals (A0) (2n=100) were formed by androgenesis. In this way, the diploid spermatozoa from male allotetraploid hybrids (AT) (4n=200) of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var.) (♀) × common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (♂) were used to fertilize the UV-treated hap- loid eggs of goldfish (Carassius auratus), and living androgenetic diploid fish were developed. The A0 became sexually mature at the age of 2 years, and they fertilized with each other to form their offspring (A1). In this study, we observed the chromosomal number, gonadal structure and appearance of A1 fish. The results are as follows: (1) In A1, there were 85% tetraploids (A1-4n), 10% triploids (A1-3n) and 5% diploids (A1-2n), suggesting that diploid A0 could produce diploid gametes. It was concluded that the formation of diploid gametes generated from diploid A0 was probably related to the mechanism of pre-meiotic endoreduplication. (2) Among A1, only A1-4n possessed normal ovaries and testes. The mature males of A1-4n produced white semen. Under the electron microscope, the head of diploid sperm generated by A1-4n was bigger than that of haploid sperm generated by red crucian carp. In the testes of the A1-4n, there were many mature normal spermatozoa with a head bearing plasma mem- brane and a tail having the typical structure of "9 2" microtubules. Between the head and the tail, there were some mitochondria. The ovaries of A1-4n developed well and mainly contained II, III and IV-stage oocytes. The IV-stage oocytes were surrounded by inner and outer follicular cells. The micropyle was observed on the oolemma of follicular cells. There were abundant yolks and plenty of endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm of IV-stage oocytes. Because A1-2n and A1-3n were distant crossing diploid hybrids and triploid hybrids respectively, they possessed abnormal gonads, and no mature semen and eggs were observed. (3) Compared with allotetraploids, the A1-4n fish not only had advantages such as fast growth rate and strong resistibility but also showed some new good performances such as high ratio of body width to body length, smaller heads and shorter tails. These results indicated that an- drogenesis could produce bisexual fertile tetraploids and improve the shape of allotetraploid hybrids as well, which will be of great significance in both the cell genetics research and fish breeding. 相似文献
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The formation of improved tetraploid population of red crucian carp × common carp hybrids by androgenesis
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Duan Wei Qin QinBo Chen Song Liu ShaoJun Wang Jing Zhang Chun Sun YuanDong Liu Yun 《中国科学C辑(英文版)》2007,50(6):753-761
Bisexual fertile diploid androgenetic individuals (A0) (2n=100) were formed by androgenesis. In this way, the diploid spermatozoa from male allotetraploid hybrids (AT) (4n=200) of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var.) (♀) × common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (♂) were used to fertilize the UV-treated haploid eggs of goldfish (Carassius auratus), and living androgenetic diploid fish were developed. The A0 became sexually mature at the age of 2 years, and they fertilized with each other to form their offspring (A1). In this study, we observed the chromosomal number, gonadal structure and appearance of A1 fish. The results are as follows: (1) In A1, there were 85% tetraploids (A1-4n), 10% triploids (A1-3n) and 5% diploids (A1-2n), suggesting that diploid A0 could produce diploid gametes. It was concluded that the formation of diploid gametes generated from diploid A0 was probably related to the mechanism of pre-meiotic endoreduplication. (2) Among A1, only A1-4n possessed normal ovaries and testes. The mature males of A1-4n produced white semen. Under the electron microscope, the head of diploid sperm generated by A1-4n was bigger than that of haploid sperm generated by red crucian carp. In the testes of the A1-4n, there were many mature normal spermatozoa with a head bearing plasma membrane and a tail having the typical structure of
“9+2” microtubules. Between the head and the tail, there were some mitochondria. The ovaries of A1-4n developed well and mainly contained II, III and IV-stage oocytes. The IV-stage oocytes were surrounded by inner and outer
follicular cells. The micropyle was observed on the oolemma of follicular cells. There were abundant yolks and plenty of endoplasmic
reticulum in the cytoplasm of IV-stage oocytes. Because A1-2n and A1-3n were distant crossing diploid hybrids and triploid hybrids respectively, they possessed abnormal gonads, and no mature semen
and eggs were observed. (3) Compared with allotetraploids, the A1-4n fish not only had advantages such as fast growth rate and strong resistibility but also showed some new good performances
such as high ratio of body width to body length, smaller heads and shorter tails. These results indicated that androgenesis
could produce bisexual fertile tetraploids and improve the shape of allotetraploid hybrids as well, which will be of great
significance in both the cell genetics research and fish breeding. 相似文献
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Hendrica A. Akster Jan-Willem van de Wal Tineke Veenendaal 《Cell and tissue research》1995,281(3):517-524
At muscle-tendon junctions of red and of white axial muscle fibres of carp, new sarcomeres are found adjacent to existing sarcomeres along the bundles of actin filaments that connect the myofibrils with the junctional sarcolemma. As the filament bundles that transmit force to the junction originate proximal to new sarcomeres, they probably relieve these new sarcomeres from premature loading. In red fibres, these filament bundles are long (up to 20 m) and dense, permitting light-microscopical immunohistochemistry (double reactions: anti-titin or anti--actinin and phalloidin). New sarcomeres have clear I bands; their A band lengths are similar to those of older sarcomeres and the thick filaments lie in register. T tubules are found at the distal side of new sarcomeres but terminal Z lines are absent. The late addition of -actinin suggests that -actinin mainly has a stabilizing role in sarcomere formation. The presence of titin in the terminal fibre protrusions is in agreement with its supposed role in sarcomere formation, viz. the integration of thin and thick filaments. The absence of a terminal Z line from sarcomeres with well-registered A bands suggests that this structure is not essential for the anchorage of connective (titin) filaments. 相似文献
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The mRNAs were extracted from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) lenses, purified, reverse transcribed, dC tailed and cloned into Escherichia coli with pBR322 as vector. The cloning efficiency was around 1·107 colonies per μg of mRNA. A clone (pC20) was found by hybrid-arrested translation to contain the cDNA related to carp crystallins. However, comparison of the derived amino-acid sequence with bovine γ-II and βs-crystallins indicates that this carp crystallin sequence resembles closely the bovine βs-crystallin and should be better classified as such except that this fish sequence does not contain the N-terminal ‘arm’ of four amino-acid residues present in bovine βs-crystallin. 相似文献
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A. Mletzko A. Amtmann S. Bergmann P. Lee J. Christian R. Buchholz A. Becker 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》2017,53(7):579-585
Research of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is focused on the infection mechanism and disease development in animals using genetic and immunological approaches to improve treatments and diagnostics. In contrast, only few tried to investigate the CyHV-3 replication behaviour in available cell cultures. Whereas, obtaining high virus yields by in vitro replication enables achieving of the mentioned above goals easier and more reliable. The following work presents an attempt to illuminate the KHV replication in common carp brain (CCB) cell cultures from the engineering point of view. The isolate KHV-TP30 was used testing the influence on process parameters, such as multiplicity of infection (MOI), time of infection (TOI) and time of harvest (TOH). Virus concentrations and infectivity at different time points of infection were examined using hydrolyzed probe qPCR (Gilad et al. 2004) and 50% tissue culture infectivity dose (TCID50). The data obtained show that while the amount of the virus DNA remains constant after reaching its maximum, the infectivity of the virus decreases. Thus, especially, TOH can be crucial for generating a high-quality virus stock. Applying optimized parameters improved the infectivity of the harvested virus and reached a robust titre as high as 1.9 × 108 TCID50/mL. To our knowledge, so far, there is no information in the peer-reviewed literature showing comparably high virus titres. Such virus yields not only facilitate conduction of further studies, including stability tests of the virus stock under various supplementation or disinfection trails, but also provide enough virus material to perform more detailed examinations of the infection mechanism. 相似文献
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K Temma T Hirata T Kitazawa H Kondo Y Katano 《Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C, Comp. Pharmacol. Toxicol.》1986,83(2):261-263
The positive inotropic effect of isoproterenol was quantified in the presence of several beta-adrenergic blocking agents in ventricular strips of carp heart. Isoproterenol had a concentration-dependent positive inotropic effect. The effect was markedly inhibited by propranolol and carteolol, but was extremely insensitive to atenolol. Practolol totally failed to alter the effect. These results indicated that the positive inotropic effect of isoproterenol may be mediated by mostly beta-2 adrenergic receptors in ventricular strips of carp heart. 相似文献
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Cloning and expression analysis in mature individuals of two chicken type-Ⅱ GnRH (cGnRH-Ⅱ) genes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
LI Shuangfei HU Wei WANG Yaping & ZHU Zuoyan State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2004,(4)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), the pivotal signal molecular of hypothalamic-pituitary- gonad (HPG) axis, plays a crucial role in gonadal de-velopment and maintenance of reproduction function of vertebrates by stimulating the anterior pituitary re-leasing gonadotropin (GtH). Mammal GnRH (mGn- RH) was firstly identified from porcine and ovine in the 1970s[1,2], which was originally named luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, viz LHRH. To date, 16 GnRH variants have been characte… 相似文献
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Fernando Luís do Rêgo Monteiro Starling 《Hydrobiologia》1993,257(3):143-152
A mesocosm experiment was conducted to assess the impact of moderate silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) biomass (41 g m–3 or 850 kg ha–1) on the plankton community and water quality of eutrophic Paranoá Reservoir (Brasília, Brazil). Microzooplankton (copepod nauplii and rotifers <200 m), netphytoplankton (> 20 m), total phytoplankton biomass (expressed as chlorophyll-a) and net primary productivity were significantly reduced by silver carp. Apart from increased nitrogen in the sediment, nutrients and chemical properties of the water were not affected by fish presence. The observed improvements in water quality suggest that stocking silver carp in Paranoá Reservoir to control blue-green algae is a promising biomanipulation practice. 相似文献
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As a consequence of polyploidization, the carp is endowed with three genetic loci coding for LDH in most tissues (and additional ones in liver). However, each such duplicated gene may not be functionally essential for the organism and could be eliminated. In a population survey, an electrophoretic polymorphism was detected which may best be interpreted by the assumption of a null allele, which is apparently not subject to selective pressure. Thus this originally duplicated gene would have diverged in the course of evolution without the origin of differences in function, so that one or the other of the genes is dispensable. 相似文献
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De Boeck G Vlaeminck A Van der Linden A Blust R 《Physiological and biochemical zoology : PBZ》2000,73(1):102-111
Stenohaline common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were chronically exposed to the two main osmoregulatory ions, Na+ and Cl-, at levels close to their isoosmotic value for 28 d (171 mM NaCl; 324 mosm kg-1; 10 per thousand). The aim of this study was to assess whether or not the disturbed ion and osmoregulation affected the energy demand and the energy stores of the exposed fish. Salt exposure reduced food intake by 70% and had adverse effects on growth and survival. Although food consumption decreased and growth was seriously affected, routine oxygen consumption of the exposed fish did not drop, indicating a reallocation of energy expenditure from growth toward other processes. A stress-induced increase in plasma glucose was observed. As a result of low food intake, lower levels of protein were used for fuel. Protein use itself was probably replaced by the use of carbohydrates. These effects were confirmed by the depletion of both muscle and liver glycogen stores during the experimental period. We conclude that, besides the effects of reduced feeding, stress induced extra energy requirements leading to the depletion of energy stores. 相似文献
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He Li Zhang Zheng Xie Cong-xin Hao Bo Wang Chao-yuan He Gang 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2009,86(1):131-135
The cellulase activities of bacterial strains in the intestine of grass carp were analyzed, using filter paper and absorbent
cotton as substrates and measuring the concentration of glucose by calorimetry. Six strains were isolated and determined high
cellulase activity in all grass carp. Strains showed different abilities to produce cellulase, which suggests that they interact
in the grass carp intestine to digest cellulose. The presence of cellulose activity suggests that grass carp have the ability
to digest cellulose in the diet. The cellulase enzymatic activity increased dramatically after 6 days of culture and reached
its peak at the 7th day. Microbes are probably the main source of cellulase in grass carp diets. 相似文献
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《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry》1984,77(4):531-535
1. Liver slices obtained from warm-, and cold-adapted carp were incubated in the presence of [1-14C]sodium acetate, -stearate, -linoleate, and -linolenate at various temperatures and the distribution of radioactivity among different phospholipid fatty acids was determined.2. Relative labelling of saturated fatty acids is reduced, while that of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially of docosahexanoate, is increased with decreasing temperatures.3. Liver slices of cold adapted carp produced a fatty acid population at 25°C indistinguishable from that produced by warm adapted ones at the same temperature.4. Liver slices obtained from cold-, and warm-adapted animals start to reorganise the pattern of labelling immediately after the exposure to the opposite temperatures as evident from pulse-chase labelling experiments.5. Desaturation of saturated and various unsaturated fatty acids is initiated immediately after down-shift of the temperature. This cold induced increase in desaturase activity is prevented by cycloheximide in the incubation medium.6. It is concluded that phospholipid fatty acid composition is continuously adjusted to the temperature and is governed partly by temperature coefficient of fatty acid synthetase and partly by induction or deactivation of desaturases in cold and warm, respectively. 相似文献
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Akitami Ichihara Koichi Moriyasu Sadao Sakamura 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(12):2421-2422
Boron is an essential nutrient for plants, but it is toxic in excess. Transgenic rice plants expressing an Arabidopsis thaliana borate efflux transporter gene, AtBOR4, at a low level exhibited increased tolerance to excess boron. Those lines with high levels of expression exhibited reduced growth. These findings suggest a potential of the borate transporter BOR4 for the generation of high-boron tolerant rice. 相似文献