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1.
Pilson Choi Yoshiro Mano Atsuko Ishikawa Masashi Odashima Taishi Umezawa Tatsuhito Fujimura Yoshihito Takahata Takao Komatsuda 《Plant biotechnology reports》2010,4(1):23-27
Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling ability of somatic embryogenesis were identified in soybean. A frame map with 204-point
markers was developed using an RI population consisting of 117 F11 lines derived from a cross between cultivar ‘Keburi’ and a weedy soybean ‘Masshokutou Kou 502’. The parents differed greatly
in their abilities of somatic embryogenesis using immature cotyledons as explants. The ability of somatic embryogenesis was
evaluated in five different experiments: the F11 (evaluated in 1998) and F15 (2002) generations cultured on basal media supplemented with 40 mg l−1 2,4-D (2,4-D1998 and 2,4-D2002), F14 (2001) generation on medium with 40 mg l−1 2,4-D and high sucrose concentration [2,4-D2001 (30 g l−1 sucrose)], and the F11 (1998) and F12 (1999) generations on medium with 10 mg l−1 NAA (NAA1998 and NAA1999). The RILs showed wide and continuous variations in each of the five experiments. In the composite
interval mapping analysis, 2 QTLs were found in group 8 (D1b + W, LOD = 5.42, r
2 = 37.5) in the experiment of 2,4-D1998 and in group 6 (C2, LOD = 6.03, r
2 = 26.0) in the experiment of 2,4-D2001 (high concentration sucrose). In both QTLs, alleles of ‘Masshokutou Kou 502’ with
high ability of somatic embryogenesis contributed to the QTLs. For the other three experiments, no QTL was detected in the
criteria of LOD >3.0, suggesting the presence of minor genes. 相似文献
2.
Carmenza Montoya Ricardo Lopes Albert Flori David Cros Teresa Cuellar Maryline Summo Sandra Espeout Ronan Rivallan Ange-Marie Risterucci Daniela Bittencourt Jorge R. Zambrano Wilmar H. Alarcón G Pierre Villeneuve Michel Pina Bruno Nouy Philippe Amblard Enrique Ritter Thierry Leroy Norbert Billotte 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2013,9(5):1207-1225
We chose an Elaeis interspecific pseudo-backcross of first generation (E. oleifera × E. guineensis) × E. guineensis to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fatty acid composition of palm oil. A dense microsatellite linkage map of 362 loci spanned 1.485 cM, representing the 16 pairs of homologous chromosomes in the Elaeis genus from which we traced segregating alleles from both E. oleifera and E. guineensis grandparents. The relative linear orders of mapped loci suggested the probable absence of chromosome rearrangements between the E. oleifera and E. guineensis genomes. A total of 19 QTL associated to the palm oil fatty acid composition were evidenced. The QTL positions and the species origin as well as the estimated effects of the QTL marker alleles were in coherence with the knowledge of the oil biosynthesis pathway in plants and with the individual phenotypic correlations between the traits. The mapping of chosen Elaeis key genes related to oleic acid C18:1, using intra-gene SNPs, supported several QTLs underlying notably FATA and SAD enzymes. The high number of hyper-variable SSR loci of known relative linear orders and the QTL information make these resources valuable for such mapping study in other Elaeis breeding materials. 相似文献
3.
《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Lipids and Lipid Metabolism》1984,792(2):110-117
The fatty acid composition of microsomal lipids and the activities of Δ9- and Δ6-desaturases in liver microsomes of rats fed diets supplemented with β-carotene and two levels of 13-cis-retinoic acid were studied. Four groups of male, weanling rats were fed semipurified diets containing 0 or 100 mg β-carotene per kg diet, and 20 or 100 mg 13-cis-retinoic acid per kg diet. After 11 weeks of feeding, the rats were killed, liver microsomes were prepared and assayed for Δ9-desaturase and Δ6-desaturase activities. The activity of Δ9-desaturase was lower in liver microsomes of rats fed β-carotene-supplemented diet or the diet supplemented with the higher level of 13-cis-retinoic acid. Microsomal Δ6-desaturase activity was, however, higher in liver of rats fed 13-cis-retinoic acid; there was no effect of β-carotene on Δ6-desaturase activity. The fatty acid compositional data on total lipids of liver microsomes were consistent with the diet-induced changes in fatty acid desaturases. Phospholipid composition of liver microsomes was also altered as a result of feeding β-carotene or 13-cis-retinoic acid-containing diets. The proportions of phosphatidylethanolamine were generally higher, whereas those of phosphatidylcholine were lower in the experimental groups as compared with the control. 相似文献
4.
This study was conducted to identify randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers associated with quantitative trait
loci (QTLs) conferring salt tolerance during germination in tomato. Germination response of an F2 population (2000 individuals) of a cross between UCT5 (Lycopersicon esculentum, salt-sensitive) and LA716 (L. pennellii, salt-tolerant) was evaluated at a salt-stress level of 175 mM NaCl+17.5 mM CaCl2 (water potential ca. –9.5 bars). Germination was scored visually as radicle protrusion at 6-h intervals for 30 consecutive
days. Individuals at both extremes of the response distribution (i.e., salt-tolerants and salt-sensitives) were selected.
The selected individuals were genotyped for 53 RAPD markers and allele frequencies at each marker locus were determined. The
linkage association among the markers was determined using a “Mapmaker” program. Trait-based marker analysis (TBA) identified 13 RAPD markers at eight genomic regions that were associated with
QTLs affecting salt tolerance during germination in tomato. Of these genomic regions, five included favorable QTL alleles
from LA716, and three included favorable alleles from UCT5. The approximate effects of individual QTLs ranged from 0.46 to
0.82 phenotypic standard deviation. The results support our previous suggestion that salt tolerance during germination in
tomato is polygenically controlled. The identification of favorable QTLs in both parents suggests the likelihood of recovering
transgressive segregants in progeny derived from these genotypes. Results from this study are discussed in relation to using
marker-assisted selection in breeding for salt tolerance.
Received: 16 June 1997 / Revision received: 11 August 1997 / Accepted: 2 September 1997 相似文献
5.
Yanwen Xiong Shui- zhang Fei Rajeev Arora E. Charles Brummer Reed E. Barker Geunhwa Jung Scott E. Warnke 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2007,19(2):125-136
Winter hardiness is a quantitative trait and the lack of it limits geographic distribution of ryegrass. Improving winter hardiness
is an important breeding goal in ryegrass breeding programs. An understanding of the genetic basis for the component traits
of winter hardiness would allow more efficient selection. A three-generation interspecific population of an annual × perennial
ryegrass consisting of 152 progenies was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control winter hardiness-related traits
including fall growth (FG), freezing tolerance (FT), and winter survival (WS) over 2 years. A total of 39 QTL were identified
for the three traits from both the female parental (MFA) and the male parental (MFB) maps, of which 13 were for FG, 6 for
FT, and 20 for WS. The proportion of phenotypic variation explained by individual QTL ranged from 10.4 to 22.1%. Both FG and
FT were positively correlated with WS. Common QTL were detected between FG, FT, and WS. The QTL associated with WS on linkage
groups (LGs) 4 and 5, and the QTL for FT on LG 5 were consistently identified over years and maps. These consistent QTL might
serve as potential tools for marker-assisted selection to improve ryegrass winter hardiness. 相似文献
6.
7.
《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry》1984,77(4):531-535
1. Liver slices obtained from warm-, and cold-adapted carp were incubated in the presence of [1-14C]sodium acetate, -stearate, -linoleate, and -linolenate at various temperatures and the distribution of radioactivity among different phospholipid fatty acids was determined.2. Relative labelling of saturated fatty acids is reduced, while that of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially of docosahexanoate, is increased with decreasing temperatures.3. Liver slices of cold adapted carp produced a fatty acid population at 25°C indistinguishable from that produced by warm adapted ones at the same temperature.4. Liver slices obtained from cold-, and warm-adapted animals start to reorganise the pattern of labelling immediately after the exposure to the opposite temperatures as evident from pulse-chase labelling experiments.5. Desaturation of saturated and various unsaturated fatty acids is initiated immediately after down-shift of the temperature. This cold induced increase in desaturase activity is prevented by cycloheximide in the incubation medium.6. It is concluded that phospholipid fatty acid composition is continuously adjusted to the temperature and is governed partly by temperature coefficient of fatty acid synthetase and partly by induction or deactivation of desaturases in cold and warm, respectively. 相似文献
8.
Shinji Wakuta Shigeki Hamada Hiroyuki Ito Hideyuki Matsuura Kensuke Nabeta Hirokazu Matsui 《Phytochemistry》2010,71(11-12):1280-1288
Tuberonic acid (TA) and its glucoside (TAG) have been isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) leaflets and shown to exhibit tuber-inducing properties. These compounds were reported to be biosynthesized from jasmonic acid (JA) by hydroxylation and subsequent glycosylation, and to be contained in various plant species. Here we describe the in vivo hydrolytic activity of TAG in rice. In this study, the TA resulting from TAG was not converted into JA. Tuberonic acid glucoside (TAG)-hydrolyzing β-glucosidase, designated OsTAGG1, was purified from rice by six purification steps with an ~4300-fold purification. The purified enzyme migrated as a single band on native PAGE, but as two bands with molecular masses of 42 and 26 kDa on SDS–PAGE. Results from N-terminal sequencing and peptide mass fingerprinting of both polypeptides suggested that both bands were derived from a single polypeptide, which is a member of the glycosyl hydrolase family 1. In the native enzyme, the Km and Vmax values of TAG were 31.7 μM and 0.25 μkatal/mg protein, OsTAGG1 preferentially hydrolyzed TAG and methyl TAG. Here we report that OsTAGG1 is a specific β-glucosidase hydrolyzing TAG, which releases the physiologically active TA. 相似文献
9.
Rekha Sapru Dhar Suphla Bajpai Gupta Parvinder Pal Singh Sumeer Razdan Wajid Waheed Bhat Satiander Rana Surrinder Kumar Lattoo Shabnam Khan 《Journal of plant biochemistry and biotechnology.》2012,21(1):77-87
To have better understanding of the processes that occur in Withania somnifera L. Dunal, proteome analyses were initiated on two tissues (seeds & leaves) of this plant. Protein extracts were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) across a broad 3.0?C10.0 immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strip that yielded 434 protein spots. A total of 167 individual spots (82 from seeds and 85 from leaves) were excised from the gel and were characterized by peptide mass fingerprinting. From these analyses, 70 individual proteins from seeds and 74 from leaves were identified by protein sequence database interrogation and were catalogued accordingly to different protein functions. A comparative analysis of the two tissues indicated that some enzymes/proteins involved in housekeeping pathways were common to both, whereas some were exclusively tissue specific with specialized metabolic complement. The knowledge gained by this study towards the tissue specific protein expression in W. somnifera would form the basis for our future endeavor of characterization of proteins to understand the physiology and the associated complex metabolic network during its ontogenetic development. 相似文献
10.
B. Chanussot P. Asdrubal Y-S. Huang J-P. Poisson 《Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids》1997,57(6):539-544
The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of streptozotocin diabetes and insulin treatment on adrenic acid Δ4 desaturation and fatty acid composition of liver microsomes in Wistar rats fed a fat free semi-synthetic basal diet supplemented with 10% EPA-rich marine oil. Results showed that, in liver microsomes of hyperglycemic rats, the ratio in total lipids was elevated and desaturation of adrenic acid to n-6 docosapentaenoic acid was enhanced. Insulin treatment with 2.0 I.U./100 g body weight−1 twice a day for 3 days resulted in hypoglycemia and suppressed both the increased Δ4 n-6 desaturation and ratio. It is concluded that the Δ4 desaturation enzyme system, which is activated by experimental diabetes, is regulated by mechanisms different from those regulating Δ6 and Δ5 desaturations. 相似文献
11.
Fernando J. Yuste-Lisbona Ana M. González Carmen Capel Manuel García-Alcázar Juan Capel Antonio M. De Ron Rafael Lozano Marta Santalla 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2014,127(4):897-912
Key message
The QTLs analyses here reported demonstrate the significant role of both individual additive and epistatic effects in the genetic control of seed quality traits in the Andean common bean.Abstract
Common bean shows considerable variability in seed size and coat color, which are important agronomic traits determining farmer and consumer acceptability. Therefore, strategies must be devised to improve the genetic base of cultivated germplasm with new alleles that would contribute positively to breeding programs. For that purpose, a population of 185 recombinant inbred lines derived from an Andean intra-gene pool cross, involving an adapted common bean (PMB0225 parent) and an exotic nuña bean (PHA1037 parent), was evaluated under six different—short and long-day—environmental conditions for seed dimension, weight, color, and brightness traits, as well as the number of seed per pod. A multi-environment Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis was carried out and 59 QTLs were mapped on all linkage groups, 18 of which had only individual additive effects, while 27 showed only epistatic effects and 14 had both individual additive and epistatic effects. Multivariate models that included significant QTL explained from 8 to 68 % and 2 to 15 % of the additive and epistatic effects, respectively. Most of these QTLs were consistent over environment, though interactions between QTLs and environments were also detected. Despite this, QTLs with differential effect on long-day and short-day environments were not found. QTLs identified were positioned in cluster, suggesting that either pleiotropic QTLs control several traits or tightly linked QTLs for different traits map together in the same genomic regions. Overall, our results show that digenic epistatic interactions clearly play an important role in the genetic control of seed quality traits in the Andean common bean. 相似文献12.
M. J. Truco L. B. Randall A. J. Bloom D. A. St. Clair 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,101(7):1082-1092
The genetic basis for shoot wilting and root ammonium uptake under chilling temperatures was examined in an interspecific
backcross (BC1) population derived from Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv T5 and wild Lycopersicon hirsutum f. typicum accession LA1778. The chilling sensitivity of shoot wilting and ammonium uptake was evaluated in four replicated cuttings
from each of 196 BC1 plants. Wilting was evaluated at two different times: 2 hours (wilting 2 h) and 6 hours (wilting 6 h recovery) after root
exposure to 4°C. The BC1 plants were genotyped with 89 polymorphic RFLP markers, and composite interval mapping was used to detect quantitative trait
loci (QTLs). Three QTLs, one each on chromosomes 5, 6 and 9, were detected for wilting 2 h. The presence of a L. hirsutum (H) allele at the QTL on chromosomes 5 and 9 decreased wilting, while the H allele at the QTL on chromosome 6 increased wilting.
To analyze plant recovery from wilting at 6 h, subsets of the BC1 population were selected, based on phenotype and genotype, because not all plants wilted at 2 h. The phenotype subset (wilting
6 h-PS) included plants that wilted to a greater degree at 2 h, and the genotype subsets included plants carrying specific
allelic compositions at the QTL for wilting 2 h on chromosomes 5 (wilting 6 h-GS-ch5), 6 (wilting 6 h-GS-ch6), and 9 (wilting
6 h-GS-ch9). On chromosome 6, a QTL was located that was associated with three subsets (wilting 6 h-PS, wilting 6 h-GS-ch5
and wilting 6 h-GS-ch9), while on chromosome 7 a QTL was detected with two subsets (wilting 6 h-PS and wilting 6 h-GS-ch5).
Three additional QTLs were detected within a single subset: chromosome 1 (wilting 6 h-GS-ch6), chromosome 11 (wilting 6 h-GS-ch5)
and chromosome 12 (wilting 6 h-GS-ch9). The presence of the H allele at the QTL on chromosomes 7 and 12 had a positive effect,
enhancing recovery from wilting, while the H allele at the other QTL had a negative effect. Three traits were used to evaluate
the chilling sensitivity of root ammonium uptake: ammonium uptake before a chilling episode, ammonium uptake after the chilling
episode, and the relative inhibition of uptake (difference in uptake rates before and after chilling divided by the rate before
chilling). One QTL was detected on chromosome 3 for the rate before chilling and one on chromosome 6 for the relative inhibition
of ammonium uptake. Our results demonstrate that shoot wilting and ammonium uptake under chilling are controlled by multiple
QTLs.
Received: 10 August 1999 / Accepted: 25 March 2000 相似文献
13.
Identification and evaluation of ω-3 fatty acid desaturase genes for hyperfortifying α-linolenic acid in transgenic rice seed 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
α-Linolenic acid (ALA) deficiency and a skewed of ω6:ω3 fatty acid ratio in the diet are a major explanation for the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. There is a need to enhance the ALA content and to reduce the ratio of linoleic acid (LA) to ALA. Six ω-3 (Δ-15) fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes were cloned from rice and soybean. The subcellular localizations of the proteins were identified. The FAD genes were introduced into rice under the control of an endosperm-specific promoter, GluC, or a Ubi-1 promoter to evaluate their potential in increasing the ALA content in seeds. The ALA contents in the seeds of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized GmFAD3-1 and OsFAD3 overexpression lines increased from 0.36 mg g?1 to 8.57 mg g?1 and 10.06 mg g?1, respectively, which was 23.8- and 27.9-fold higher than that of non-transformants. The trait of high ALA content was stably inheritable over three generations. Homologous OsFAD3 is more active than GmFAD3-1 in catalysing LA conversion to ALA in rice seeds. Overexpression of ER-localized GmFAD3-2/3 and chloroplast-localized OsFAD7/8 had less effect on increasing the ALA content in rice seeds. The GluC promoter is advantageous compared with Ubi-1 in this experimental system. The enhanced ALA was preferentially located at the sn-2 position in triacylglycerols. A meal-size portion of high ALA rice would meet >80% of the daily adult ALA requirement. The ALA-rich rice could be expected to ameliorate much of the global dietary ALA deficiency. 相似文献
14.
Leaf exudates from the short-day (SD) strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cv. Elsanta were analysedfor gibberellin (GA) content using combined gaschromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Comparison of full-scan mass spectra and Kovatsretention indices (KRIs) with those of standardsrevealed the presence of GA1, GA3, 3-epiGA1 and GA3-isolactone. 相似文献
15.
K. G. Lark J. M. Weisemann B. F. Matthews R. Palmer K. Chase T. Macalma 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1993,86(8):901-906
Genetic markers were mapped in segregating progeny from a cross between two soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars: Minsoy (PI 27.890) and Noir 1 (PI 290.136). A genetic linkage map was constructed (LOD 3), consisting of 132 RFLP, isozyme, morphological, and biochemical markers. The map defined 1550cM of the soybean genome comprising 31 linkage groups. An additional 24 polymorphic markers remained unlinked. A family of RFLP markers, identified by a single probe (hybridizing to an interspersed repeated DNA sequence), extended the map, linking other markers and defining regions for which other markers were not available. 相似文献
16.
Summary The role of abscisic acid (ABA) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) zygotic embryogenesis was analysed. ABA and ABA ß-D-glucopyranosyl ester (ABA-GE) changes were determined in seeds and fruit tissues — placenta and mesocarp — during seed development, which was defined with eight embryo stages: from globular (stage 1) to mature embryo (stage 8). In whole seeds, ABA changes paralleled fresh and dry weight pattern curves and could be characterized by a high increase during embryo growth followed by a decrease as the seed matured and dehydrated. Moreover this dehydration phase led, at stage 8, to a new ABA distribution within the seed, preferentially into integument and embryo. Fruit tissue analyses provided new information about the ABA origin in seeds. ABA-GE levels were also measured and the results suggested different ABA metabolism in seed and fruit tissues.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- ABA-GE
abscisic acid ß-D-glucopyranosyl ester
- ABTS
2,2 — azino — bis (3 — ethylben-zthiazoline — 6 — sulfonic acid)
- BHT
butylhydroxytoluene
- DW
dry weight
- ELISA
Ezyme linked immunosorbent assay
- HPLC
high performance liquid chromatography 相似文献
17.
Comparison of fatty acid composition in total lipid of diapause and non-diapause larvae of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ABBAS KHANI SAEID MOHARRAMIPOUR MOHSEN BARZEGAR HOSSEIN NADERI-MANESH 《Insect Science》2007,14(2):125-131
Seasonal changes in the fatty acid composition of the total lipid extracted from the whole body of Cydia pomonella L. larvae were determined by gas chromatography. The six most abundant fatty acids in both non-diapause and diapause larvae of codling moth were oleic (35%-39%), palmitic (23%-33%), linoleic (16%-30%), palmitoleic (5%-10%), stearic (1.5%-3.0%) and linolenic acids (1.0%-2.5%). This represents a typical complement of Lepidopteran fatty acids. The fatty acid composition of total lipid of C. pomonella larvae was related to diapause. In similarity to most other reports, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids increased in diapause initiation state. The total lipid of diapause larvae contained more linoleic acid (25.8% vs. 16.1%) and less palmitic acid (24.7% vs. 33.4%), than that of non-diapause larvae. The weight percentage of linoleic acid (C 18:2) increased from 16% to 26% from early-August through early-September during transition to diapause, while palmitic acid (C16:0) decreased from 33% to 25% at the same time. These changes resulted in an increase in the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids (UFA/SFA) from 1.72 in non-diapause larvae to 2.63 in diapause larvae. 相似文献
18.
Wenying Jian Richard Edom Naidong Weng Peter Zannikos Zhiming Zhang Hao Wang 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》2010,878(20):1687-1699
Endogenous ethanolamides (fatty acid amides), including arachidonyl ethanolamide (anandamide, AEA), oleoyl ethanolamide (OEA), and palmitoyl ethanolamide (PEA), are substrates of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). FAAH may play an important role for pain, anxiety/depression, and metabolic disorders. Ethanolamides are considered to be potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers to determine target engagement for FAAH inhibition by novel pharmaceutical agents. A highly selective, sensitive, and high-throughput liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of AEA, OEA, and PEA in human plasma. The method employed D4-AEA, D4-OEA, and 13C2-PEA as “surrogate analytes” to establish the concentration–mass response relationship, i.e. a regression equation. The concentrations of AEA, OEA, and PEA were calculated based on the regression equations derived from the surrogate analytes. This approach made it possible to prepare calibration standard and quality control (QC) samples in plasma devoid of interferences from the endogenous analytes. The analytical methodology required 150 μL of human plasma that was processed via liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) using a 96-well plate format. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column using gradient elution, and the run time was 3 min. The method was fully validated and it demonstrated acceptable accuracy, precision, linearity, and specificity. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 0.1/0.5/0.5 ng/mL for AEA/OEA/PEA, which was sensitive enough to capture the basal plasma levels in healthy subjects. Bench-top stability in plasma, freeze–thaw stability in plasma, frozen long-term stability in plasma, autosampler stability, and stock solution stability all met acceptance criteria (%Bias within ±12.0%). Characterization of stability in purchased/aged blood indicated that ethanolamides are subject to degradation mediated by intracellular membrane-bound FAAH, which has been shown to be inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). In the presence of PMSF, ethanolamide levels increased slightly over time, suggesting that blood cells release ethanolamides into plasma. Whole blood stability conducted in fresh blood immediately following collection revealed that there was significant elevation of ethanolamide concentrations (∼1.3–2.0-fold on ice and ∼1.5–3.0-fold at room temperature by 2 h), indicating that de novo synthesis and release from blood cells were the predominant factors affecting ethanolamide concentrations ex vivo. Accordingly, conditions that ensured rapid separation of plasma from blood cells and consistency in the blood harvesting procedures were established and implemented for clinical studies to minimize the ex vivo elevation of plasma ethanolamide concentrations. The variability (intra-subject and inter-subject) of plasma ethanolamide levels was evaluated in healthy subjects during a Phase 0 study (no drug administration) that simulated the design of single-ascending dose and multiple-ascending dose clinical trials in terms of sample collection time points, population, food, and activity. The data indicated there was relatively large inter- and intra-subject variation in plasma ethanolamide concentrations. In addition, apparent variations due to time of day and/or food effects were also revealed. Understanding the variability of ethanolamide levels in humans is very important for study design and data interpretation when changes in ethanolamide levels are used as target engagement biomarkers in clinical trials. 相似文献
19.
W. A. Berzonsky R. L. Clements H. N. Lafever 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1991,81(5):629-634
One cultivar (GR876) and two advanced Ohio soft red winter wheat lines (OH413 and OH414), with Kavkaz in their pedigrees, were examined for the presence of the Kavkaz, 1RS/1BL rye/wheat chromosome translocation. Another advanced line (OH416), with Amigo in its pedigree, was examined for the presence of the Amigo, 1RS/1AL translocation. Only two satellited chromosomes were observed in most mitotic root-tip cells from GR876, OH413, and OH414, compared to four in most cells from OH416. Heteromorphic bivalents were observed in most PMCs from hybrids produced by crossing GR876, OH413, and OH414 as females to Chinese Spring. No heteromorphic bivalents were observed in PMCs from OH416 x Chinese Spring hybrids. When GR876 and the Ohio lines were hybridized with Chinese Spring dimonotelosomic-1B, telosomic trivalents, consisting of the short- and longarm telosomes paired with chromosome 1B, were only observed in PMCs from 43-chromosome hybrids involving OH416. The long-arm telosome paired with the translocation chromosome, while the short-arm telosome remained unpaired in all other 43-chromosome hybrids. Separation of gliadin proteins from GR876 and the Ohio lines by PAGE revealed that secalin bands for GR876, OH413, and OH414, migrated similarly to the secalins for Kavkaz. Bands for OH416, identified as possible secalins, migrated similarly to those for Amigo. Cultivar GR876 and advanced Ohio soft red winter wheat lines OH413 and OH414 carry the Kavkaz translocation, while OH416 carries the Amigo translocation.Communicated by K. Tsunewaki 相似文献
20.
The influence of fermentation conditions and recycling on the phospholipid and fatty acid composition of the brewer’s yeast plasma membranes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Phospholipid (PL) and fatty acid (FA) compositions of the plasma membrane (PM), as well as the FA composition of the PM phosphatidylcholine
(PtdCho) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) in the pure culture (zero generation) and the first three recycled generations
of the bottom-fermenting brewer’s yeast, have been determined. The PL composition differed markedly among the generations;
in the zero generation, phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) was the main PL, accounting for 27% of total PLs, followed by phosphatidic
acid and PtdCho. In all recycled generations, the main PL was PtdCho with a marked increase in the first generation compared
with the zero (32% and 20%, respectively), followed by PtdIns in the first and second generations. In the FA composition of
the PM, 22 FAs were identified, ranging from C10 to C26. The compositions of the PM FAs, as well as those of PtdCho and PtdEtn, were characterised by a high preponderance of C16 acids. Saturated FAs prevailed in the zero generation, whilst unsaturated prevailed in the first and second generation. Although
the profiles of FAs in PtdCho and PtdEtn were similar, some marked differences were observed, pointing out to their specific
functions in the regulation of membrane properties. 相似文献