On the 75th anniversary of the birth of L. L. Kiselev

Chronicle

On the 75th anniversary of the birth of L. L. Kiselev     

To the 70th anniversary of E. E. Fesenko

Chronicle

To the 70th anniversary of E. E. Fesenko     

To the 70th anniversary of I.D. Volotovskii

Chronicles

To the 70th anniversary of I.D. Volotovskii     

On the 85th birthday of A. M. Lobanov

Anniversary

On the 85th birthday of A. M. Lobanov The Russian entomological society     

80th birthday of A.N. Ilyaletdinov,Academician of the National Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Chronicle

80th birthday of A.N. Ilyaletdinov, Academician of the National Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan     

Biography of Dr. Roscoe O. Brady

Biography

Biography of Dr. Roscoe O. Brady     

Special Issue in Honor of Dr. Graham A. R. Johnston

Dedication

Special Issue in Honor of Dr. Graham A. R. Johnston     

In vitro characterization of ligand-induced oligomerization of the S. cerevisiae G-protein coupled receptor,Ste2p

Background

The S. cerevisiae α-factor receptor, Ste2p, is a G-protein coupled receptor that plays key roles in yeast signaling and mating. Oligomerization of Ste2p has previously been shown to be important for intracellular trafficking, receptor processing and endocytosis. However the role of ligand in receptor oligomerization remains enigmatic.

Methods

Using functional recombinant forms of purified Ste2p, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering and chemical crosslinking are applied to investigate the role of ligand in Ste2p oligomerization.

Results

Atomic force microscopy images indicate a molecular height for recombinant Ste2p in the presence of α-factor nearly double that of Ste2p alone. This observation is supported by complementary dynamic light scattering measurements which indicate a ligand-induced increase in the polydispersity of the Ste2p hydrodynamic radius. Finally, chemical cross-linking of HEK293 plasma membranes presenting recombinant Ste2p indicates α-factor induced stabilization of the dimeric form and higher order oligomeric forms of the receptor upon SDS-PAGE analysis.

Conclusions

α-factor induces oligomerization of Ste2p in vitro and in membrane.

General significance

These results provide additional evidence of a possible role for ligand in mediation of Ste2p oligomerization in vivo.     

Daniil S. Vorontsov (On the 125th Anniversary of His Birthday)

Anniversaries

Daniil S. Vorontsov (On the 125th Anniversary of His Birthday)     

International Union for the Study of Social Insects Report of Secretary-General Joan M. Herbers

Annual Report

International Union for the Study of Social Insects Report of Secretary-General Joan M. Herbers 2011 Annual Report     

Award of the G. Whitaker International Burns Prize for 2005 Palermo,Italy

Announcement

Award of the G. Whitaker International Burns Prize for 2005 Palermo, Italy     

Estimating the Cost of Type 1 Diabetes in the U.S.: A Propensity Score Matching Method

Background

Diabetes costs represent a large burden to both patients and the health care system. However, few studies that examine the economic consequences of diabetes have distinguished between the two major forms, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, despite differences in underlying pathologies. Combining the two diseases implies that there is no difference between the costs of type 1 and type 2 diabetes to a patient. In this study, we examine the costs of type 1 diabetes, which is often overlooked due to the larger population of type 2 patients, and compare them to the estimated costs of diabetes reported in the literature.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Using a nationally representative dataset, we estimate yearly and lifetime medical and indirect costs of type 1 diabetes by implementing a matching method to compare a patient with type 1 diabetes to a similar individual without the disease. We find that each year type 1 diabetes costs this country $14.4 billion (11.5–17.3) in medical costs and lost income. In terms of lost income, type 1 patients incur a disproportionate share of type 1 and type 2 costs. Further, if the disease were eliminated by therapeutic intervention, an estimated $10.6 billion (7.2–14.0) incurred by a new cohort and $422.9 billion (327.2–519.4) incurred by the existing number of type 1 diabetic patients over their lifetime would be avoided.

Conclusions/Significance

We find that the costs attributed to type 1 diabetes are disproportionately higher than the number of type 1 patients compared with type 2 patients, suggesting that combining the two diseases when estimating costs is not appropriate. This study and another recent contribution provides a necessary first step in estimating the substantial costs of type 1 diabetes on the U.S.     

International Union for the Study of Social Insects Report of Secretary-General Joan M. Herbers

Annual Report

International Union for the Study of Social Insects Report of Secretary-General Joan M. Herbers 2010 Annual Report     

Netzwerk Hypophysen- und Nebennierenerkrankungen e.V.

Patientenorganisationen - Selbsthilfegruppen

Netzwerk Hypophysen- und Nebennierenerkrankungen e.V.     

Conformational energy of the 5-membered ring. Implication of geometric and energetic properties in the conformational characteristics

In a previous article (8) a geometrical study of the five-membered ring showed that: a) for the case of the 20 symmetrical C₂ and C_s conformations, the pseudorotation formulae for the torsion angles are a geometrical property of the ring; b) geometrical considerations alone are unable to define the puckering amplitude, the bond angle values, and the pathway between two symmetrical conformations. Here we examine how the energy equations enable us to define the deformation amplitude _m, establish the bond angles expressions and check the energy invariability along the pseudorotation circuit. The problem is next developed fully in the case where the bond and torsional energy only are considered: the literal expression¹ of _m is then given as a function of the bond angle which cancels out the bond angle energy. A numerical application is carried out on cyclopentane and the values of the parameters K^t, K¹ and used in the Conformational energy calculations are considered.Notations used 1 _i bond lengths 1 in the case of the regular ring - _i torsional angles - _i bond angles - 3/5 = 108 - 4/5 = 144 - , _{i i} – = complement to the 108 bond angle _i - _T - E Conformational energy of the 5-membered ring - E Conformational energy difference between planar and deformed ring - A _n Coefficients of the energy development in terms of - E _i ^l Bond energy relative to atom i (associated with angle _i) - K _i ^l Bond constant relative to atom i (associated with angle _i) - E _i ^l Torsional energy relative to the i ^th bond (associated with angle _i) - k _i ^l Torsional constant relative to the i ^th bond (associated with angle _i) - _i Angle _i value corresponding to zero bond energy E _i ^l (when the 5 atoms of the ring are identical, _i ) - r _ij Distance between atoms i and j - q _i Charge carried by atom i - e Constant of proportionality including the effective dielectric constant - A _ij, B_ij, d_ij Coefficients dependent on the nature of the atoms i and j and accounted for in the Van der Waals energy and hydrogen bond expressions - S (r _ij) Electrostatic contribution to the hydrogen bond energy - P Pseudorotation phase angle - _m Maximum torsional angle value characterising the deformation amplitudeM     

Book Review:R.J. Cole,B.B. Jarvis and M.A. Schweikert eds.Handbook of Secondary Fungal metabolites,AcademicPress, UK, 2003. 2544 pp. $299.95.

Book Review

Book Review:R.J. Cole, B.B. Jarvis and M.A. Schweikert eds.Handbook of Secondary Fungal metabolites, AcademicPress, UK, 2003. 2544 pp. $299.95.     

Abstracts of the Annual Symposium of the Czech Society of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. Brno, Czech Republic, 1-2 December 2000

Abstract List

Abstracts of the Annual Symposium of the Czech Society of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry     

Biography of Professor Dr. Saul Roseman

Biography

Biography of Professor Dr. Saul Roseman     

Special Issue Dedicated to Dr. George A. Hashim

Dedication

Special Issue Dedicated to Dr. George A. Hashim