中国云南及西藏水生环境中的新种——棕孢香港霉（英文）

在大湄公河次区域的水生真菌调查中,从中国云南和西藏的沉水腐木中分离得到4个菌株。基于LSU、SSU、ITS、TEF1-α和RPB2序列进行多基因系统发育分析,表明4个菌株属于菩提科香港霉属真菌。系统发育分析结果显示4个菌株聚集在一起,并与泰国香港霉形成姐妹支。基于形态学及分子系统学研究,将这4个菌株鉴定为新种棕孢香港霉。棕孢香港霉是香港霉属的第二个有性型物种,它因子囊果的孔口处有棕色至黑色的刚毛,且子囊孢子呈梭形,孢子两端逐渐变窄且钝圆,红棕色至暗棕色,具有多个隔膜而区别于另一个有性型物种泰国香港霉。本研究提供了该真菌新种的描述及图版并比较了该种与其他物种的形态差异。     

沉水玛利亚霉新种以及链状玛利亚霉的新生境记录（英文）

通过形态特征与系统发育分析(LSU和ITS),报道了玛利亚霉属Mariannaea的1个新种和1个新记录种。新种沉水玛利亚霉Mariannaea submersa的主要形态特征为透明、分支状的分生孢子梗上带有3–6个环生瓶梗,产孢细胞烧瓶形至锥形,分子孢子为宽梭形至卵圆形,无隔膜,颜色透明且带有尖锐顶部和截断底部。链状玛利亚霉Mariannaea catenulata首次采集于淡水环境,同时也是首次报道于亚洲地区(泰国)。本研究进一步证明玛利亚霉属真菌在淡水环境中的高多样性。     

丝孢真菌无性与有性进化分析

绝大多数丝孢真菌属、种主要以无性型存在,但该类真菌绝大多数属、种含有若干调控有性分化、发育及进化的基因信息,如交配型、信息素及G-蛋白α-亚基基因等,胁迫环境诱导这些真菌有性基因有效表达乃至发育为有性型,一直倍受真菌学界的关注。文中系统介绍了丝孢真菌无性型与有性型属种分类研究现状、进化分析及性别调控基因,1)分析属、种三类有性基因的多样性、异型交配基因比率、系统发育关系及有性进化潜力与趋势;2)分析属、种不同有性基因调控特性胁迫环境适应性,界定靶标基因及适宜生态因子,结合地球生境演化特性,预测属、种自然演化性别变化动态;3)分析靶标基因调控生态,阐明两性种有性基因调控生态遗传机制。综上有望解析绝大多数丝孢真菌属、种主要为无性型的本质原因,丰富丝孢真菌分类研究的理论,为真菌分类研究提供科学依据。     

蜗孢属两个新种和一个中国新记录

蜗孢属隶属于子囊菌门Ascomycota毛筒壳科Tubeufiaceae,它们形态特征独特,能够产生多种活性次级代谢产物,具有一定的应用前景。本研究从中国海南省采集的腐木标本上分离到3种卷旋型丝孢真菌,通过ITS、LSU、RPB2和TEF1α多基因系统发育分析证据结合形态学特征,确定了它们的分类地位。结果表明,其中2个物种为蜗孢属新种,1个物种为中国新记录。为纪念李玉院士在中国菌物学界做出的贡献,本文特将其中一个新物种命名为李玉蜗孢菌。     

一个耐热的戴氏霉新种(英文)

从海南三亚的河泥中分离获得戴氏霉属一新种,即小孢戴氏霉Taifanglania parvispora。它与相近种的主要区别是菌丝段有时稍膨大,瓶梗短和分生孢子小且呈梨形至倒卵形。基于戴氏霉属、腐质霉属、单瓶霉属和瓶霉属中一些种的ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 r DNA序列构建了系统发育树,结果表明新种与戴氏霉属亲缘关系较近,聚在一个分支中,并在该分支中独立为一亚分支。形态和分子特征分析表明小孢戴氏霉可以作为戴氏霉属中的一个新分类单元。     

被毛孢属两个昆虫病原真菌的重新描述

【目的】调查研究被毛孢属真菌资源,丰富该属的物种多样性,完善已知种在公共数据库中的分类信息。【方法】从贵州省发现两个分别寄生于同翅目沫蝉、鳞翅目松梢螟成虫的真菌标本GZUIFR-dj14和GZUIFR-dy1,通过形态学观察和基于tef1、ITS和28S r DNA 3个基因序列的分子生物学系统发育分析对其进行鉴定。【结果】两个病原真菌被鉴定为两个已知种,分别为长白山被毛孢(Hirsutella changbeisanensis)和雷州被毛孢(Hirsutella leizhouensis)。【结论】重新描述了这两种被毛孢的标本和无性型分离菌株,对其新寄主、新栖息地进行了报道,并补充了分子序列、系统发育分析等分类信息。     

沉水玛利亚霉新种以及链状玛利亚霉的新生境记录

通过形态特征与系统发育分析(LSU和ITS),报道了玛利亚霉属Mariannaea的1个新种和1个新记录种.新种沉水玛利亚霉Mariannaea submersa的主要形态特征为透明、分支状的分生孢子梗上带有3-6个环生瓶梗,产孢细胞烧瓶形至锥形,分子孢子为宽梭形至卵圆形,无隔膜,颜色透明且带有尖锐顶部和截断底部.链状...     

国家自然科学基金委员会生命科学部2005年度资助自由申请科学基金项目一览表

项目名称申请者姓名依托单位1微生物学学科(99项)我国云南热带、亚热带地区含羞草、羊蹄甲和决明根瘤菌的刘晓云西南林学院遗传多样性、系统发育研究我国酸性土壤分离的诺卡氏菌型放线菌的DNA指纹图谱鉴定张建丽北京理工大学和分类研究中国外瓶霉分子系统学分析李东明北京大学核型分析和实时观察确定虫草有性型和无性型关系的研究李春如安徽农业大学我国中西部地区自然生态系统土壤中暗色丝孢菌的分类研究张天宇山东农业大学匍柄霉属、细基格孢属及链格孢小孢子种的分子系统学研究张修国山东农业大学中国毛壳属的系统学及其物种蛋白表达谱…     

蝉科昆虫病原真菌物种多样性（英文）

蝉科昆虫在自然界具有重要作用,是果树等林木的刺吸性害虫,同时蝉与真菌组成的虫菌共生体也具有重要经济价值。近十年来,通过对我国昆虫病原真菌资源的调查,共采集获得102株蝉科昆虫罹患病原真菌标本,并保存于安徽农业大学昆虫病原真菌研究中心(RCEF)。本研究从蝉科罹患病原真菌标本中分离得到81株菌株,并对其多样性进行了研究。基于不同培养基的形态特征观察并结合ITS、SSU、LSU、TEF、RPB1和RPB2基因构建系统发育树,发现寄生蝉科的菌株属于3科6属15种。本研究重点描述了一个中国新记录种——高水紫孢菌;此外,一些类棒束孢属菌株被修订为蝙蝠蛾萨姆森菌;除上述物种外,还鉴定出球孢白僵菌、绿色绿僵菌、蝉花虫草、柱孢绿僵菌、环链虫草、玫烟色虫草、澳洲白僵菌、布氏白僵菌、细脚虫草、棕色绿僵菌和长座细虫草。其中球孢白僵菌、蝉花虫草和绿色绿僵菌是优势种,多度达总数的58%。而其他12个物种分离频率较低。     

长孢假小蜜环菌，一种孢子杆状的亚洲产新种

根据形态和分子系统发育证据,描述采自我国西南的新种长孢假小蜜环菌Pseudoarmillariella bacillaris.与假小蜜环菌属Pseudoarmillariella已知分布于北美-中美洲和大洋洲的2个物种相比,该新种的突出特征是担孢子杆状.在亚洲发现假小蜜环菌属真菌,表明该属的地理分布范围与过去已知的相比要广泛得多.     

Sutorius: a new genus for Boletus eximius

Sutorius is described as a new genus of Boletaceae to accommodate Boletus robustus originally named illegitimately by C.C. Frost from eastern North America. The legitimate name, Boletus eximius, provided by C.H. Peck, has been used since for a dark purple to chocolate brown bolete with finely scaly stipe and reddish brown spore deposit. This iconic taxon has been documented on five continents. Despite the straightforward species identification from morphology, the interpretation of stipe macro-morphology and spore color has led to equivocal generic placement. Phylogenetic analyses of genes encoding large subunit rRNA and translation elongation factor 1α confirm Sutorius as a unique generic lineage in the Boletaceae. Two species are recognized based on multiple accessions: S. eximius, represented by collections from North America, Costa Rica, Guyana, Indonesia and Japan (molecular data are lacking for only the Guyanan and Japanese material); and S. australiensis, represented by material from Queensland, Australia. Additional collections from Zambia and Thailand represent independent lineages, but sampling is insufficient to describe new species for these entities.     

Hirticrusta gen. nov. segregated from Neofomitella in Polyporaceae (Polyporales)

Taxonomic studies including morphological observations and phylogenetic analyses were conducted on Japanese “uragin-take”, an unidentified species from Amazonia, Brazil and their allies. Phylogenetic analyses using ITS, nrLSU and RPB2 regions revealed that “uragin-take”, Neofomitella polyzonata and the unidentified species formed a monophyletic clade separate from the clade including the other four Neofomitella spp. and that “uragin-take” is conspecific with N. polyzonata. Morphological investigations on authentic specimens revealed that Polyporus subradiatus is a prior name for N. polyzonata. We propose Hirticrusta gen. nov. typified by H. subradiata segregated from Neofomitella, and we erected H. amazonica sp. nov. for the unidentified species. Hirticrusta is characterized by annual to biennial and sessile basidiocarps, semicircular to dimidiate pileus, velutinous to tomentose hairs on pileus surface, buff to brown context with a crustose layer indicated by a dark brown line forming a longitudinal section below the superficial hairs, a trimitic hyphal system, crustose layer composed of parallel and densely arranged brown hyphae and cylindrical basidiospores. The new species, H. amazonica is distinguishable from other polypores by downy and long tomentum on the pileus surface (up to 20 mm thick), brown context with a dark brown layer below the tomentum and round pores (5–7/mm).     

中国云南色串孢科的新种苍山长喙孢和新记录露

本研究对中国滇西北地区淡水木腐真菌进行了调查,在云南省的苍山、怒江和澜沧江采集到3个菌株。根据形态学特征和多基因系统发育分析（ITS、LSU、SSU、TEF1-α和RPB2）描述了新种——苍山长喙孢Rostriconidium cangshanense。苍山长喙孢的特征是菌体形态与营养菌丝不同,分生孢子梗单生或者松散成束,光滑或粗糙;产孢细胞多芽、深褐色、具有黑色驼峰状的分生孢子脱落痕;分生孢子梭形至倒棒状、长喙状,6-8个横隔,有明显油滴状细胞内含物,有时具顶端粘膜鞘。露兜长喙孢Rostriconidium pandanicola报道为世界淡水环境的新记录。     

具有绿色子囊孢子的木霉属两个新种——波密木霉和绿领木霉

在广东和西藏进行子囊菌资源调查,发现木霉属具有绿色子囊孢子的两个新种,命名为波密木霉和绿领木霉。波密木霉的子座小型,橙褐色至黄绿色,垫状,分生孢子梗为trichoderma型。绿领木霉的子座微小,垫状至陀螺形,淡黄色至淡绿色,其孔口处明显色暗,皮层表面带绿色。基于RPB2和TEF1基因的系统发育分析表明,两个新种作为散在的末端分枝夹杂在具有绿色子囊孢子的已命名分支之间。     

The first isolation of ustilaginomycetous anamorphic yeasts,Pseudozyma species,from patients' blood and a description of two new species: P. parantarctica and P. thailandica

The genus Pseudozyma is ustilaginomycetous anamorphic yeasts, and are mainly isolated from plants. We isolated three Pseudozyma strains from the blood of patients in Thailand. While one isolate was identified as P. antarctica by rDNA sequence analysis, the other two were considered to be new species and were named P. parantarctica and P. thailandica. The three isolates proved to be resistant to 5-flucytosine, and P. thailandica was also resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole. As far as we know, this is the first isolation of Pseudozyma strains from humans. The two new species are described.     

A new marine gobiid species of the genus Clariger Jordan & Snyder (Gobiidae, Teleostei) from Taiwan

A new species of Clariger Jordan & Snyder, 1901 was collected from northern Taiwan. The genus was previously known only from Japanese waters. This discovery is the first formal and southernmost record of these marine gobies from the waters of subtropical Taiwan. The new species, Clariger taiwanensissp. n., is distinguished from its congeners by a unique combination of features: (1) fin rays: dorsal-fin rays III, I/8; anal-fin rays modally I/8; and pectoral-fin rays modally 19 (2+16+1); (2) longitudinal dermal ridge on head with 6 barbels; and (3) specific coloration pattern: head and trunk dark brown with scattered pale spots and blotches; cheek, ventral portion of head sometimes pale with deep brown spots; pectoral-fin base with a dark brown band; and caudal fin mostly dark brown proximally and with alternating and irregular dark brown and pale bands distally. A diagnostic key to all nominal species from Japan and Taiwan is provided.     

Description and identification of two new diseases of guariroba palm (Syagrus oleraceae) in Brazil

Guariroba is a palm species native to central Brazil. Seedlings of guariroba with leaf spots of unknown aetiology were found in Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The leaf spots were manifest as two different symptom types: the first lesion type consisted of necrotic spots with a rounded to elongate shape, with a light colour and dark edges; the second lesion type had a rounded shape, was dark brown in colour with a light brown edge. The objective of this study was to elucidate the aetiology of both diseases. The likely causal agents were isolated and Koch's postulate fulfilled. Subsequently, the ITS region of rDNA from both micro‐organisms were amplified and sequenced. According to the morphological characteristics and molecular analyses, the fungal species were identified as Pestalotiopsis adusta (causing necrotic spots with a rounded to elongate shape, with a light colour and dark edges), and Alternaria tenuissima (causing lesions with a rounded shape, dark brown in colour with a light brown edge). Identification of the causal organisms of these two diseases will help guide management approaches that might be tested to reduce impact of the disease on Guariroba, including the use of fungicides and cultural approaches.