多胺对离体培养条件下丛枝菌根真菌生长发育的影响*

研究离体培养条件下多胺 (PUT,SPD,SPM) 及多胺生物合成抑制剂 (MGBG) 对丛枝菌根真菌 (Glomus mosseae, Gigaspora margarita) 孢子萌发特性及菌丝生长发育的影响。试验结果表明,3种多胺类物质在50 ~200g/ml浓度范围内,对丛枝菌根真菌生长发育具显著促进作用,而500礸/ml浓度处理对丛枝菌根真菌生长发育表现强烈的抑制效应。MGBG (50 ~500g/ml) 对丛枝菌根真菌生长发育有较强的抑制作用,且可被外源多胺部分解除,但随浓度升高外源多胺的恢复作用降低,500礸/ml时无效。多胺对丛枝菌根真菌生长发育的促进作用因多胺类型及真菌菌种的变化而有不同的最适浓度范围。作者认为丛枝菌根真菌体内内源多胺的含量也许是其生长发育的限制因子。     

光照因子对鹿茸生长发育的影响作用

控制光照周期中的光照强度(I)和光照／黑暗比率(L／D)对鹿茸的生长发育影响的作用明显,其中,在I=300lx和L/D=1.00-3.00时,鹿茸的生长发育最好。此外,鹿体内的性腺激素对鹿茸的生长发育有明显的作用。     

板齿鼠的生长发育

啮齿动物在笼养下的生长发育,在国外已有较多的研究,在我国仅发表过黄毛鼠(林浩然等,1962)和小家鼠(王祖望等,1978)等。对于板齿鼠(Bandicota indica Bechstein)过去只有一些生态和防治方面的报道(莫乘风,1958;陆长坤等,1965),而生长发育方面尚未见发表。本文除论述阶段发育特点之外,并对不同季节出生的仔鼠,在生长发育方面的差异进行了探讨。     

高寒矮嵩草草甸禾草种群的生长发育节律及环境适应性

本文以矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis)草甸中草质优良,并在畜牧业生产中有重要作用的7种禾草为对象,研究了它们的生长发育节律、干重季节变化以及与环境因子之间的相互关系。其结果表明：7种禾草在矮嵩草草甸中的分布格局属非随机性的集中分布(Aggregated dispersal)。它们的生长发育节律和干重季节变化具明显的差异。单株分蘖数自返青开始随降水量、日照和≥3℃积温的增加而增加,到孕穗初期为最大。禾草种群生长发育的低温临界值为3℃。地上部分干重的积累与生长发育节律、≥5℃、≥10℃的积温,降水量和土壤含水量密切相关,生殖枝株高与≥10℃的积温密切相关。相关分析表明,温度是影响矮嵩草草甸禾草种群生长发育的主导因子(P<0.01),其次是降水量和土壤含水量(P<0.01) 。     

甜樱桃‘佐藤锦’果实生长发育过程AsA含量及其相关酶活性的变化

以黄肉甜樱桃品种‘佐藤锦’为材料,测定了其果实生长发育过程中抗坏血酸(AsA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量变化,及其相关代谢酶L-半乳糖脱氢酶(GalDH)、L-半乳糖-1-4-内酯酶(GalLDH)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和过氧化物酶(APX)的活性变化,分析它们在果实生长发育过程中对AsA积累所起的作用。结果表明:(1)‘佐藤锦’果实生长发育过程中总抗坏血酸(T-AsA)、还原型抗坏血酸(AsA)、脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA)、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量均在花后0d最高,随后持续下降,而总谷胱甘肽(T-GSH)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量先升后降。(2)随着果实生长发育,AsA和DHA的单果积累量均持续增加,且在果实第二次快速生长期增幅最大;各相关代谢酶活性在甜樱桃果实生长发育过程中呈现出不同的变化趋势,其中GalLDH、MDHAR和DHAR的活性变化同AsA含量变化趋势基本一致。(3)相关性分析发现,GalLDH、MDHAR和DHAR的活性与AsA含量呈极显著正相关关系,说明它们是影响甜樱桃果实AsA含量的关键酶。     

香荚兰生长发育与环境条件的关系

为了正确制定香荚兰[Vanilla fragrans(Salisb.)Ames(V. planifolia Andr)]的栽培措施,以利于植株的生长发育和获得持续高产稳产,必须了解其生长发育的特性、规律与外界环境的关系。     

赤霉素信号转导及其调控植物生长发育的研究进展

赤霉素(Gibberellins或gibberellic acid,GA)是植物生长发育所必需的植物激素之一,调控植物生长发育的多个过程。近年来随着植物分子生物学和功能基因组学的发展,有关GA信号转导途径及其调控植物生长发育的研究取得了一系列的进展。综述了GA信号转导途径的关键组分,包括GA受体GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1(GID1)蛋白、F-box蛋白(拟南芥中的SLEEPY1[SLY1]和水稻中的GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF2[GID2])及DELLA蛋白,阐述了GA去除DELLA蛋白阻遏作用的分子模型,同时探讨DELLA蛋白通过其互作蛋白整合其它激素及环境信号调控植物生长发育的作用机理。     

笼养条件下朱鹮雏鸟的饲养管理和生长发育

2002~2004年,通过对人工繁殖的103只朱(Nipponia nippon)雏鸟的饲喂和护理,系统测量了1~35日龄雏鸟的体重、体长、翅长、嘴峰、跗、中爪、尾长生长发育情况,并与野外朱雏鸟的生长发育作了对比分析。结果表明,人工条件下的朱雏鸟生长发育良好,在不同日龄期,基本达到甚至超过野外朱雏鸟生长发育指标的水平。35日龄雏鸟出飞,比野外雏鸟出飞提前了一周。     

寄主植物对亚洲玉米螟生长发育及雄蛾保护酶活性的影响

【目的】为了明确不同寄主植物对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)生长发育、繁殖及雄蛾保护酶活性的影响。【方法】在温度为(25±5)℃、湿度为75%±5%、光照周期为L∶D=16∶8的恒定条件下,研究了7科12种寄主植物对亚洲玉米螟发育历期、蛹期、成虫期、羽化率、雌蛾繁殖力及雄蛾体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力的影响。【结果】亚洲玉米螟能够在12种寄主植物上完成生长发育。取食苍耳的幼虫历期较短(17.4 d),蛹期较短(5.9 d);成虫寿命较长(9.0 d),蛹重较大(50.7 mg);取食油菜的幼虫单雌产卵量较大(210粒/雌),取食油菜和油麦菜的幼虫成活率和蛹羽化率较高,均在80.0%以上。幼虫取食不同植物后,雄蛾体内保护酶的活性差异显著,幼虫取食酸模叶蓼后,雄蛾体内SOD活性较高,幼虫取食苍耳后,雄蛾体内POD和CAT活性较高。【结论】不同寄主植物对亚洲玉米螟生长发育、繁殖及雄蛾保护酶活性均有显著影响。取食苍耳和酸模叶蓼有利于亚洲玉米螟的生长发育。玉米螟在不同寄主植物上的生长发育和繁殖与保护酶活性呈现正相关性。亚洲玉米螟在取食不同寄主植物时,能调节自身保护酶的活性,来适应寄主,满足生长发育的需要。     

福寿螺不同生长发育阶段的抗菌活性物质及化学成分分析

福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata)不同生长发育阶段(螺苗、仔螺、中螺、成螺)的软体匀浆物用乙酸乙酯进行提取.提取物分别用硅胶柱进行柱层析,并分别用不同极性的有机溶剂进行洗脱,分离出不同极性组分:非极性组分(石油醚洗脱组分)、弱极性组分(苯洗脱组分)、强极性组分(乙醇洗脱组分).然后用11种细菌对不同极性组分进行抗菌活性检测.结果表明,不同生长发育阶段组分抗菌作用的共同点是:强极性组分的抗菌活性最强,弱极性组分次之,非极性组分无抑菌作用.将不同生长发育阶段抗菌活性最强的乙醇洗脱组分分别进行薄层层析(TLC)分析并进行抗菌实验.薄层层析所用的展层剂不同,分离出条带数不同,各条带抗菌活性也存在差异.将抗菌活性最强的条带用气相色谱.质谱法进行化学成分鉴定,结果表明,各不同生长发育阶段抗菌物质的化学成分大部分是酸类物质,相同的化学成分在不同生长发育阶段的含量及相似度都不一样.     

Does "ichthyosis uteri" have malignant potential? : A case report of squamous cell carcinoma of endometrium associated with extensive ichthyosis uteri

This short report discusses a case of solitary colonic polypoid ganglioneuroma associated with melanosis coli in a woman with no systemic manifestations. To our knowledge this is the first ganglioneuroma reported in the literature in association with melanosis coli. The nature and significance of this event remains unclear, although this may be coincidental due to the laxative intake. Further investigation is necessary to clarify this point. The interest of this case lies moreover in the rarity of this entity and its endoscopic and histologic resemblance to sessile polyps frequent in the clinical practice.     

A novel mutation in the invariant AG of the acceptor splice site of intron 4 of the beta-hexosaminidase alpha-subunit gene in two unrelated American black GM2-gangliosidosis (Tay-Sachs disease) patients.

Samples of genomic DNA from three unrelated American black infants having both biochemical and clinical features of classical infantile Tay-Sachs disease were sequenced following PCR amplification. A G----T transversion was observed in the AG acceptor splice site preceding exon 5 of the beta-hexosaminidase alpha-subunit gene in the first black family. This transversion changed the acceptor splice site from the consensus sequence, AG, to AT, thereby interfering with splicing at this intron 4/exon 5 junction. The proband was homozygous for this mutation; his mother and a brother are heterozygous. The same mutation was found in a second, apparently unrelated, black GM2-gangliosidosis patient. The second patient was a compound heterozygote, as only one allele carried this mutation. The mother and a brother in this second family are carriers for this mutation, while the father and a noncarrier sister are normal for this region of the gene. The third proband did not have this mutation; nor did the mother of a fourth black proband. Eight other independently ascertained non-black, non-Jewish, GM2-gangliosidosis families did not have this mutation. The observation of the same novel mutation in two unrelated black GM2-gangliosidosis patients indicates that the American black population has segregating within it at least one GM2-gangliosidosis mutation which may be specific to this population and not a result of migration.     

Recent advances of microfluidics in Mainland China

The history and current status of research on microfluidics in China is summarized in this review. The recent representative contributions in this field by Chinese scientists are cited. A perspective on some trends in future development of this field in China is presented.     

Description and life cycle of a new Physarum (Myxomycetes) from the Atacama Desert in Chile

A new species of Physarum (Myxomycetes), Physarum atacamense is described in this paper, and details are provided on its life cycle as observed in spore-to-spore culture in agar. The new species was collected during studies of the Atacama Desert in Chile. It has been collected directly in the field and isolated in moist chamber cultures prepared with material from an endemic cactus. The combination of characters that make this species unique in the genus are its large fusiform nodes of the capillitium, its long, bicolored stalk and the very dark brown and densely warted angular spores. The morphology of specimens of this myxomycete was examined with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, and micrographs of relevant details and life cycle stages are included in this paper. The importance of resistant stages in the life cycle of this myxomycete is stressed, and the close association of this myxomycete with its plant substrates is discussed.     

川西南山地植被资源及其合理利用

川西南地区的农、林、牧业,不仅在全省农业经济结构中占有重要地位,而且矿物和能源特别丰富,是我国西南工业战略要地。所以,合理利用本区植被资源,对发展经济、协调农业生态系统具有重要意义。全文讨论5个问题:1.范围和环境特点;2.植物植被资源特点;3.植被利用现状;4.植被在生态农业中的意义;5.植被利用的几点建议.     

凤眼莲-根际微生物系统的降酚效应

 在自然水体中,由于风眼莲的存在,其根际的异养细菌的数量和种类均大量增加,从而可以提高降解水体中的有机物的能力;在实验室条件下,人工组建成风眼莲—根际细菌系统,系统的降酚效应要大于单独的细菌和风眼莲,证实这是一个具高效降酚能力的共生生物系统。本文从野外原位调查和实验室模拟试验两方面,讨论了凤眼莲—根际细菌共生系统的降酚效应,以及其中的机制和应用。     

A rapid,simplified medium for converting the mycelial phase of Blastomyces dermatitidis to the yeast phase

Summary The twenty-two isolates ofB. dermatitidis used in this study were converted to their yeast phase more readily on the cottonseed medium than on any of the other three media used in this experiment.The dextrose concentration and pH level do not seem to be factors in the conversion process when this medium is used.The advantages of this medium are discussed.From the Communicable Disease Center, Public Health Service, United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.     

Ameliorated Effects of (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate Against Toxicity Induced by Vanadium in the Kidneys of Wistar Rats

Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat and the presence of metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance. In this sense, zinc is an important nutrient that stimulates insulin secretion and increases sensitivity to insulin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc supplementation on insulin resistance in obese subjects through a systematic review of the available clinical trials. The search for articles was conducted using the PubMed, SciVerse Scopus, SciVerse ScienceDirect, and Cochrane databases, on May 25, 2016, by two authors independently. The recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were followed in the conduct of this review. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias of the trials included in this review. After screening of the articles, six clinical trials were included in this systematic review. The scientific evidence presented in this systematic review shows that zinc supplementation improves insulin resistance in obese individuals of both sexes.     

Taylor-made palladium-pincer complexes: A new source of more efficient catalysts for sustainable organic synthesis

The synthesis and catalytic activity of different pincer type palladium complexes synthesized in our laboratory are compiled in this report. The specific design of these palladacycles allows the employment of sustainable protocols and the recycle of the catalytic systems.The results obtained by our group in this context will be compared with other previously reported and new advances in this field.