某些因素对玻璃苗形成的影响和玻璃苗在形态解剖上的特点

瑞香试管苗的玻璃化受到细胞分裂素浓度和茎尖外植体划、的影响,细胞分裂素浓度越高,茎尖外植体越小,产生的玻璃苗越多,玻璃苗与正常试管苗的茎尖在形态结构上有明显差别,主要表现为顶端分生组织原体原套结构异常和细胞的明显液泡化。     

诱导突变高粱愈伤组织初探

本实验以突变体高粱的不同外植体 ,成熟种子、成熟胚、茎尖、和幼胚等为材料 ,诱导愈伤组织。经出愈率和生长状况观察 ,幼胚最好 ,成熟胚较好 ,成熟种子和茎尖略差。对于茎尖 ,2 ,4 D与KT搭配较好 ;成熟胚而言 ,不加细胞分裂素 ,加适量 2 ,4 D浓度效果较好 ,幼胚愈伤组织诱导和培养不需要细胞分裂素 ,加浓度为 2 .0mg/L2 ,4 D效果较好 ;若加KT ,同时要提高 2 ,4 D浓度 ;成熟种子培养 ,需要细胞分裂素     

苹果组织培养中的玻璃苗问题（简报）

苹果茎尖接种在NH_4~+和NO_3~-浓度比不同的培养基上,第二代均出现玻璃苗。在浓度比较低的培养基上,绿茎的玻璃苗率和病情指数较小,浓度比高的培养基上发生的玻璃苗转接到较低比值的培养基上后,玻璃苗症状减轻,并有少量转为正常苗。一定范围内降低培养基中氨态氮的比例利于防止或减轻玻璃苗发生。     

红根草的组织培养与快速繁殖研究

研究了红根草不同采集季节、外植体类型与消毒效果,不同激素浓度和激素组合与芽及根的诱导,及试管苗的移栽。结果表明,不同外植体类型消毒效果为茎节>茎尖>植株抽茎前的生长点;4~6月份采样最佳;MS+BA0.8~1.6mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L、MS+BA0.2mg/L+NAA0.02mg/L、MS+NAA1.0mg/L分别用于初代、继代、生根培养效果最好;试管苗移栽成活率达90%。     

不同培养条件对薄荷试管苗玻璃化现象的影响

以江苏东台产薄荷(M entha haplocalyxB riq.)的茎尖为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,研究了培养基添加物和培养条件对薄荷试管苗玻璃化现象的影响。结果显示,导致薄荷玻璃化苗产生的主要因素是培养基中的6-BA、蔗糖和琼脂浓度以及培养温度和光照时间;当6-BA浓度为2 mg.L-1、蔗糖浓度为4%、琼脂浓度为0.70%、培养温度25℃、光照12 h.d-1(2 000 lx)时,薄荷试管苗的繁殖系数较高,玻璃化苗率较低。     

茎椰菜试管苗繁殖的初步研究

茎椰菜(Brassia oleracea var.italica)是国际市场上畅销的高级蔬菜。目前,上海地区生产用种都是从国外进口的F_1种子,不能留种应用。在培育我国自己的品种中,为了利用组织培养技术来加快自交系、自交不亲和系的繁殖和进行春季单株留种,同时对大量繁殖F_1试管苗的方法作些探索,进行了茎椰菜试管苗繁殖的初步研究,探索了生长素和细胞分裂素种类、浓度和配比对花器官的愈伤组织分化的影响及加速试管苗繁殖的方法。     

杭白菊茎尖组织培养及试管苗繁殖技术研究

采用茎尖组织培养技术,建立了杭白菊中大洋菊(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)的无菌试管苗体系.通过基本培养基和激素配比实验,筛选出杭白菊试管苗快速繁殖的最佳培养基组成.结果表明:最适宜的外植体为直径0.3 mm的茎尖;诱导丛生芽的最适培养基为:MS 6-BA 0.1 mg*L-1 IAA 0.02 mg*L-1;诱导试管苗生根的最适培养基为:1/2MS IAA 0.7 mg*L-1.用电子显微镜进行病毒检测后,筛选出2个脱病毒株系,脱病毒试管苗可作为今后提供优质种苗的种源.     

影响枣试管苗生长分化的因素（简报）

骏枣试管苗在生长与分化过程中,以ＭＳ培养基的营养水平,温度２５￣２７℃为适宜,外植体是茎段比茎端好,斜剪和斜插对生长分化有利,生长素为０．３￣０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ为宜,细胞分裂素（６－ＢＡ）以１￣１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ为宜,两者最佳配比为１：３。     

甜樱桃新品系13-38茎尖无性系建立及试管苗嫁接研究

本文报告通过茎尖培养及试管苗嫁接快速繁殖甜樱桃新品系13—38苗木。取新品系母树休眠芽制备成无菌外植体,分别在MS附加6-BA 0.1-0.5mg／L,IAA 0.1mg／L培养基及MS附加ZTl-1.5 mg／L,IAA 0.1-0.25 mg／L培养基中进行微型扦插及茎尖分化培养,建立茎尖无性系。试管苗年扩繁量为48和108。以新品系试管苗为接穗,采用切接,皮接两种方法嫁接于四种砧木,成活率为20一70%不等。实验表明13—88试管苗与砧木新品系1090试管幼苗的亲和力较好。接合部位预先施用200ppm的NAA可提高嫁接成活率。     

甜樱桃新品系13-38茎尖无性系建立及试管苗嫁接研究

本文报告通过茎尖培养及试管苗嫁接快速繁殖甜樱桃新品系13-38苗木。取新品系母树休眠芽制备成无菌外植体,分别在MS附加6-BA 0.1-0.5mg/l,IAA 0.1mg/l培养基及MS附加ZT1—1.5mg/l,IAA 0.1—0.25mg/l培养基中进行微型扦插及茎尖分化培养,建立茎尖无性系。试管苗年扩繁量为4~8和10~3。以新品系试管苗为接穗,采用切接,皮接两种方法嫁接于四种砧木,成活率为20—70%不等。实验表明13-38试管苗与砧木新品系1090试管幼苗的亲和力较好。接合部位预先施用200ppm的NAA可提高嫁接成活率。     

沙田柚茎尖嫁接苗离体培养的研究

对沙田柚茎尖嫁接苗的离体培养进行了研究,结果表明:顶芽在MS 0.5mg/L6-BA上生长较好,成活率为100%,单个外植体平均不定芽数为2.2,但不定芽生长极慢,成苗困难.加入0.2～0.5mg/LIBA,顶芽生长加快,但单个外植体平均不定芽数下降.带有1cm长枳壳砧木的茎尖在MS 0.5mg/L6-BA上可以形成丛芽,单个外植体平均不定芽数为4.5,而且不定芽生长迅速.虽然我们未能诱导外植体不定根发生,但通过试管嫁接可以获得完整植株.     

In vitro propagation and the acclimatization effect on the synthesis of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde in Decalepis hamiltonii Wight and Arn.

The present study reports a high frequency in vitro propagation protocol through apical bud sprouting and basal organogenic nodule formation in shoot tip explants of Decalepis hamiltonii, an endemic and endangered medicinal liana. Among different combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and growth additives, maximum of 8.20 shoots per explant with mean shoot length of 6.54 cm were induced on Murashige and Skoog’s medium (MS) supplemented with 5.0 µM 6-benzyladenine (BA) + 0.5 µM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) + 30.0 µM adenine sulphate (ADS) through apical bud sprouting. On single cytokinin treatment explants did not exhibit good multiplication but showed nodulation (N₁) from the basal cut end similar to cytokinin–auxin combination (N₂). Between two types of nodular tissues, N₂ was proved to be better for maximum shoot regeneration (15.40 shoots per explant) and shoot length (4.56 cm) when cultured on MS medium supplemented with 5.0 µM BA, 0.5 µM IAA, 30.0 µM ADS and 1.0 µM gibberellic acid (GA₃). Microshoots were efficiently rooted on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 2.5 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). After successful acclimatization in Soilrite, 95.10 % plantlets were survived in field conditions. Histological investigation proved useful in ascertaining the callogenic nature of the regenerating nodular tissue formed at the basal cut end of shoot tip explant. Acclimatized plantlets were studied for the estimation of chlorophyll and carotenoid content as well as the net photosynthetic rate (PN) during subsequent days of transfer to ex vitro condition. Moreover, acclimatization had a significant effect on biomass production and the synthesis of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde (2HMB). Maximum fresh weight (3.78 gm/plant), dry weight (0.39 gm/plant) of roots and 2HMB content (15.94 µg/ml of extract) were noticed after 8 weeks of acclimatization.     

In vitro propagation of emetic nut Randia dumetorum (Lamb.)

An efficient protocol for in vitro shoot multiplication of Randia dumetorum (Emetic nut) has been developed. The seeds of R. dumetorum were germinated in vitro in MS medium in 5 weeks. Subsequent propagation using shoot tip as an explant was carried out in MS medium along with different concentrations and combinations of BAP (0.5-2.0) and NAA (0.0-2.0). Maximum shoot multiplication was obtained (12.7 shoots per shoot tip) in MS medium containing 1 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L NAA. Micropropagated shoots were rooted in 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l IBA. This is the first report of in vitro plant propagation of R. dumetorum. In vitro grown plantlets showed a survival rate of 70% after 2 months of transplantation to natural environment.     

魔芋属植物愈伤组织的诱导和再生植株的研究

用云南魔芋(Amorphophallus yunnanensis)、白魔芋(A.albus)、花魔芋(A.revieri)和勐海魔芋(A.bannaensis)等四个种的叶、鳞叶、花序、匍匐茎、块茎和茎尖为外植体,诱导产生小植物。可通过三种途径获得魔芋再生植株:(1)由外植体诱导愈伤组织,再分化小植株:在添加0.5—1.0mg/1 NAA和BA或KT、ZT的MS培养基上,高频率地诱导瘤状愈伤组织形成,发现NAA对愈伤组织的诱导是必不可少的,而细胞分裂素与之组合,促进瘤状愈伤组织的形成和发育,在无激素或低浓度激素的培养基上,瘤状愈伤组织分化出小植物;(2)茎尖和鳞叶、块茎切块培养,诱导形成多芽苗,产生再生植株;(3)块茎切块诱导产生微型小块茎,然后分化芽和根,长成小植物。本研究为魔芋的快速繁殖提供了新的手段。     

The apical control of lateral bud development in excised shoot tips of Cuscuta reflexa cultured in vitro

Excised shoot tips of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. (dodder), a rootless and leafless angiospermic plant parasite, were cultured in vitro for the study of the control of lateral bud development by the apex. In a chemically defined medium lacking hormones, the basal bud alone developed into a shoot. The addition of coconut milk to the growth medium induced the activation of multiple lateral buds, but only a single bud developed further into a shoot. The decapitation of this shoot induced the development of another shoot and the process could be repeated. This showed the controlling effect of the apex in correlative control of bud development. Application of indole-3-acetic acid to the shoot tip explant delayed the development of the lateral bud. Gibberellic acid A₃ induced a marked elongation growth of the explant and reinforced apical dominance. The direct application of cytokinin to an inhibited bud relieved it from apical dominance. A basipetally decreasing concentration gradient of auxin may prevail at the nodes. Bud outgrowth is probably stimulated by cytokinin produced locally in the bud.     

Recovery of fertile plants from isolated,cultured maize shoot apices

Maize shoot apices (1 to 2mm size) from two sources were used to recover normal plantlets. The first explant source included shoot apices from the embryonic axis of immature embryos, 12–14 days post pollination in the glasshouse (spring) or 15–20 days post pollination in the summer nursery. In most explants, the shoot apical meristem was surrounded by a coleoptile primordium which was removed before culture. The second explant source included shoot apices from the plumules of 72 h imbibed mature kernels. The coleoptile and all other leaf layers (leaf-1 to leaf-3 or 4) of the plumule were removed before culture to expose the apical meristem. Among the genotypes studied, a recovery of 43% (Mo17) to 100% (Oh43) of plantlets was achieved from shoot apices from immature embryo plumules cultured in MS medium. Recovery of 80% of Oh43 plantlets in MS medium and 40% of A188 plantlets from apices of plumules of imbibed (72 h) seeds in MS medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid was recorded. The plantlets derived from both explant sources grew normally and produced viable seeds upon pollination.     

葡萄试管苗热处理结合茎尖培养脱病毒效果的研究

对７个生食葡萄品种的试管苗热处理结合茎尖剥离培养脱除病毒的方法做了研究,结果表明,从热处理试管苗剥离的茎尖培养成活率为６１．２％,其中有１８．１％的成苗。各品种热处理试管苗剥离的茎尖分化再生能力不同：先形成愈伤组织的成苗率较低,而先分化芽的茎尖成苗率较高。这一方法对扇叶病毒和卷叶病毒的脱除率达９２％以上。     

In vitro multiplication of Nothapodites foetida (Wight.) Sleumer through seedling explant cultures

In vitro multiplication of Nothapodites foetida (Wight.) Sleumer was achieved using axenic seedling explant cultures. Isolated nodes (1.0-1.2 cm) and shoot tips (1.0-1.5 cm) cultured in Murashige and Skoog's agar medium containing varying concentrations of TDZ, BA and combinations of 2iP and GA3. Single shoot (0.8-1.2 cm) was regenerated in each culture after 6 weeks. Axillary shoots were then excised and recultured for 8 weeks in medium containing TDZ (0.05 mgL-1) which formed shoots (about 4 in no.; 2 cm) from the basal node. Axillary branches (2) which formed on 60% of these shoots after 10-12 weeks of culture were separated and recultured in the same medium for 8 weeks. Three shoots (0.8-1.0 cm) per culture were regenerated. Shoots of 0.8-1.8 cm length were subcultured on a low cytokinin (0.01 mgL-1 TDZ) regime to induce shoot elongation (2.0-3.5 cm) in 4 weeks. Shoot cuttings were rooted (60%) in the medium containing IBA (1.5 mgL-1). Rooted plantlets established in pots (90%) after hardening resumed normal growth in 3 months.     

In vitro propagation of Litsea cubeba (Lours.) Pers., a multipurpose tree

 A rapid clonal propagation system has been developed for Litsea cubeba. Following investigation of a range of cytokinins and a variety of explant sources (shoot tip, node, leaf and petiole) it was established that 6-benzyladenine with shoot tip explants gave optimal multiple-shoot induction. In vitro rooting on growth-regulator-free medium was possible and over 100 plantlets were successfully weaned to the glasshouse. Received: 11 July 1996 / Revision received: 24 December 1996 / Accepted: 22 March 1999