HSF1基因剔除对HSR抗内毒素血症的影响

利用内毒素(LPS)血症小鼠模型,观察HSF1基因剔除对热休克反应(HSR)保护作用的影响.采用腹腔注射LPS建立内毒素血症小鼠模型,HSR采用肛温42℃维持15 min,室温恢复24 h,利用RT-PCR、苏木素-伊红(HE)染色、丙二醛测定以及死亡率,计算和分析重要脏器组织中炎症介质基因的表达、脏器损伤程度及小鼠存活率.注射LPS 15mg/kg 72 h后HSR LPS(HSF1 / )组存活率(7/15)显著高于LPS(HSF1 / )组(0/15)、LPS(HSF1-/-)组(0/14)和HSR LPS(HSF1-/-)组(0/14),而注射LPS 14 mg/kg 72 h后,LPS(HSF1 / )组存活率(5/15)显著高于LPS(HSF1-/-)组(0/13)和HSR LPS(HSF1-/-)组(0/13).在注射LPS 12 h后LPS(HSF1 / )组、LPS(HSF1-/-)组和HSR LPS(HSF1-/-)组的心、肺组织丙二醛含量显著升高,但HSR LPS(HSF1 / )组不升高.肺组织炎症介质基因IL-IB、IL-6、TNF-α、CCL-2、SOCS3、MCSF、GCSF、IL-15在LPS(HSF1-/-)组和LPS(HSF1 / )组表达上调,HSR LPS(HSF1-/-)组除IL-15较低外其他上调更甚,HSR LPS(HSF1 / )组除IL-1β和TNF-α较高外其他显著下调.注射LPS后LPS(HSF1 / )组和LPS(HSF1-/-)组的肺、肝、肾病理形态改变明显,HSR LPS(HSF1 / )组改变较轻,HSR LPS(HSF1-/-)组改变更加严重.HSF1基因剔除能显著消减HSR对内毒素血症小鼠的保护作用.     

小胶质细胞在脂多糖引起的热高敏中的作用

目的探讨小胶质细胞在脂多糖引起的热高敏中的作用。方法清洁级雄性昆明小鼠,随机分成两组,每组5只,腹腔注射LPS组和注射PBS组,在注射前及后30、60、120、240 min测量小鼠足底的热痛阈;每组于注射前及后4h各处死5只取脑组织检测IL-1β、TNF-α;每组于腹腔注射4h时处死动物,免疫荧光确定脑组织中小胶质细胞的激活情况。然后分为四组,米诺环素+PBS组,米诺环素+LPS组,PBS+PBS组,PBS+LPS组,每组5只,连续三天腹腔注射米诺环素或PBS,第三天注射LPS或PBS,在注射前及后30、60、120、240 min测量小鼠足底的热痛阈;每组于注射前及后4h各处死5只取脑组织检测IL-1β、TNF-α。结果与注射PBS相比,注射LPS导致IL-1β、TNF-α分泌增加,注射60、120、240 min小鼠的热痛阈降低;与米诺环素+PBS组、米诺环素+LPS组、PBS+PBS组相比,PBS+LPS组导致IL-1β、TNF-α分泌增加,注射60、120、240 min小鼠的热痛阈降低。结论LPS激活小胶质细胞分泌促炎细胞因子导致热高敏。     

橄榄叶提取物对大鼠急性炎症和痛觉过敏的研究

本文采用鹿角菜胶诱导的大鼠急性炎症模型观察橄榄叶提取物(OLE)的抗炎与镇痛作用及对致炎因子TNF-α和IL-1β的mRNA表达。用鹿角菜胶注射到大鼠右后足内,分别于鹿角菜胶注射前30 min和注射后120 min灌胃给予OLE 100、250和500 mg/kg体重。鹿角菜胶处理后测量足跖肿胀度及痛域。用RT-PCR检测足跖垫内组织TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-10的mRNA表达。结果显示,经灌胃给予OLE100、250和500 mg/kg体重,均能明显降低大鼠后足肿胀度,增加痛域,并明显降低致炎因子TNF-α和IL-1β的mRNA表达。本研究提示OLE具有抗炎和镇痛作用,其作用机制可能与抑制TNF-α和IL-1β的mRNA表达有关。     

EGb761对LPS诱导THP-1细胞释放HMGB1蛋白表达的调节

目的:探讨EGb761对LPS诱导THP-1细胞释放HMGB1蛋白表达的调节,为EGb761的临床运用提供可行的依据。方法:LPS(1μg/m L)诱导不同时间后,western blotting检测THP-1细胞上清液中HMGB1蛋白含量变化及不同浓度EGb761对LPS诱导THP-1细胞释放HMGB1蛋白的表达和NF-κB的活性;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测细胞中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量。共聚焦显微镜观察EGb761对LPS诱导THP-1细胞释放HMGB1蛋白核转位变化。结果:(1)LPS组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量在刺激6-12 h后明显高于空白对照组,而EGb761+LPS组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量均显著低于LPS组(P0.05)。(2)EGb761处理LPS诱导THP-1细胞6 h后细胞上清液NF-κB活性表达量较空白对照组低,随着处理时间延长至12 h,NF-κB的活性表达量呈明显下降趋势(P0.05)。(3)LPS诱导THP-1细胞18 h后,细胞上清液中HMGB1蛋白含量呈明显升高趋势(P0.05)。(4)不同浓度EGb761对LPS诱导THP-1细胞18 h后,HMGB1蛋白含量较空白对照组有下降趋势,HMGB1蛋白含量随着EGB761浓度增加至100μg/m L呈下降趋势并呈浓度依赖效应(P0.05)。(5)LPS诱导THP-1细胞后,在共聚焦显微镜下可见胞浆中大量HMGB1蛋白标记分布,而EGb761+LPS共同诱导THP-1细胞后胞浆中可见少量HMGB1蛋白分布。结论:LPS可诱导THP-1细胞IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α表达增多及NF-κB活化,导致HMGB1蛋白表达增多及核转位,而EGB761能抑制THP-1细胞IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α表达及NF-κB活化,调节HMGB1蛋白的表达及核转位。     

表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯抑制TNF-α和IL-β在小鼠皮肤烫伤修复期间的表达

肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)在创伤修复中起着至关重要的作用.本研究利用小鼠皮肤深II度烫伤模型,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测烫伤部位组织Tnf-αmRNA和Il-1βmRNA的表达水平以及TNF-α和IL-1β的含量,探讨表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯(EGCG)对小鼠皮肤烫伤修复期间TNF-α和IL-1β表达的影响.结果显示,用0.2 mg/g EGCG膏剂涂敷烫伤皮肤,处理12 h可致组织Tnf-αmRNA表达水平和TNF-α含量下降,处理24 h可致组织Il-1βmRNA表达水平和IL-1β含量下降.上述结果提示,0.2 mg/g EGCG处理能抑制烫伤组织TNF-α和IL-1β的表达,减弱创伤组织的炎症反应,有助于创伤组织的修复.     

银杏叶提取物对内毒素诱导巨噬细胞核因子-κB活化及炎性细胞因子表达的调节

探讨银杏叶提取物（EGb761）对内毒素（LPS）诱导RAW264．7细胞核因子-κB（NF-κB）活化及炎性细胞因子基因表达的调节,为银杏叶提取物的临床运用提供理论依据．分别用LPS或EGb761＋LPS处理体外培养的小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264．7细胞,采用蛋白质印迹分析检测细胞中NF-κB活性,用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测细胞中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6 mRNA和蛋白的表达．研究结果表明LPS组NF-κB活性和TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量在刺激后2～12h明显高于正常对照组,而EGb761＋LPS组NF-κB活性和TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6含量均显著低于LPS组．结果提示LPS可诱导RAW264．7细胞NF-κB活化,导致TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6基因表达增强,而EGb761能抑制NF-κB活化而调节TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6基因的表达．     

热休克转录因子1的抗炎症作用

热休克转录因子1(heat shock factor 1, HSF1)是调节细胞保护性应激蛋白--热休克蛋白表达的主要转录因子,可被热应激、氧化应激等多种理化因素激活.近年研究表明,HSF1具有抗炎症作用:HSF1可抑制TNFα、IL-1β、M-CSF等致炎因子表达,促进IL-10等抗炎因子表达,并降低NF-κB、AP-1等致炎转录因子的活性.HSF1上调热休克蛋白和抑制炎症的双重活性,提示其很可能是联系应激反应和炎症反应的重要因子.     

热休克因子1对内毒素所致G-CSF基因表达的影响

为探讨热休克因子1(heatshockfactor 1,HSF1)活化和过表达对内毒素(endotoxin ,ET)所致粒细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte colonystimulatingfactor,G CSF)基因表达的影响,采用大肠杆菌内毒素即脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide ,LPS)处理RAW2 6 4 7巨噬细胞,并通过热休克预处理诱导HSF1活化,采用Western印迹检测HSP70的表达观察HSF1的活化情况,RT PCR检测热休克反应(heatshockresponse ,HSR)对G CSFmRNA表达的影响;构建HSF1的pcDNA3 1真核表达质粒,采用脂质体转染法建立HSF1过表达RAW 2 6 4 7巨噬细胞株,用免疫细胞化学和Western印迹观察HSF1的表达,RT- PCR及Northern印迹进一步研究HSF1对G CSF基因表达的可能影响.发现LPS诱导巨噬细胞中G- CSFmRNA表达增多,并随时间的延长,表达量逐渐增加;与单纯内毒素处理组相比,热休克预处理后,LPS诱导的巨噬细胞G- CSFmRNA的表达明显被抑制;建立的稳定表达HSF1的RAW 2 6 4 7细胞株中有HSF1蛋白的核移位;HSF1过表达可明显抑制LPS诱导的RAW2 6 4 7巨噬细胞G -CSFmRNA的表达.上述结果表明热休克预处理能抑制LPS诱导的巨噬细胞G- CSFmRNA的表达;HSF1过表达可抑制内毒素诱导的巨噬细胞G CSFmRNA的表达.     

IL-1β的促痫作用与GαmRNA表达的关系

目的为了探讨IL-1β的促痫作用机制.方法实验应用RT-PCR方法检测了谷氨酸钠致癫痫动物在同时脑内注射IL-1β、IL-1ra(IL-1R拮抗剂)或MCPG(mGluR5拮抗剂)后,海马组织Gαs、GαqmRNA的表达变化.结果 (1)谷氨酸钠诱导的癫痫发作使海马组织Gαs mRNA,Gαq mRNA表达上升.而IL-1β显著促进谷氨酸钠的作用,与单纯注射谷氨酸钠相比Gαs mRNA,Gαq mRNA表达上升更为显著(P＜0.05);(2)IL-1ra与MCPG均能阻断IL-1β的此种作用;(3)mGluR5 mRNA的表达未受影响.结论 IL-1β在癫痫中的作用是使Gαs,Gαq 激活,且表达上升,然后可能再通过cAMP等第二信使与其它受体或离子通道的相互作用起到促痫作用.mGluR5和 IL-1RⅠ在癫痫发作过程中可能存在协同作用,或者通过间接的"对话"共同促进Gαs和Gαq mRNA的表达,导致癫痫发作增强.     

肝细胞癌患者外周血HSF1 基因表达的检测及应用价值

目的:建立检测HSF1 mRNA的real-time PCR的方法,了解肝细胞癌患者外周血中HSF1的表达水平及其与各临床病理特征之间的关系。方法:利用real-time PCR的方法检测20例肝细胞癌患者及20例正常人群外周血中HSF1 mRNA的表达量。结果:肝细胞癌患者外周血中的HSF1 mRNA表达量显著高于正常人群(P<0.05);肝细胞癌患者外周血中HSF1 mRNA的表达水平在不同性别、肿瘤大小、门静脉侵犯情况、HbsAg水平及AFP水平的患者中的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在不同病理分化程度、TNM分期的患者中的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:real-time PCR技术可以成功检测外周血中HSF1 mRNA的表达量,HSF1可能与肝细胞癌的发生发展密切相关。     

Cloning the Tra1 region of RP1

The Tra1 region of RP1 from a derivative with Tn7 inserted into the kanamycin resistance determinant was cloned, using EcoRI, into the multicopy vector plasmid pBR325. For one orientation of the cloned fragment the resultant chimeric plasmid was very frequently lost from the cell, but in the other orientation it was much more stable and also compatible with RP1. Complementation by the stable chimeric plasmid, pED800, of a series of RP1 tra mutants showed that the mutations of all those retaining sensitivity to the P-specific phages PRR1, Pf3, and PR4, or only to PR4, mapped in the Tra1 region, while only 2 out of 20 amber mutations leading to full P-specific phage-resistance did so.     

Modulators of the Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1

The Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1P-R) signaling system has proven to be of biological and medical importance in autoimmune settings. S1P₁-R is a validated drug target for multiple sclerosis (MS) for which FTY720 (Fingolimod), a S1P_1,3–5-R pan-agonist, was recently approved as the first orally active drug for the treatment of relapsing-remitting MS. Transient bradycardia and long half-life are the FTY720 critical pitfalls. This review provides the latest advances on next-generation S1P₁-R modulators from 2012 up to date, with an overview of the chemical structures, structure–activity relationships, and relevant biological and clinical properties.     

Fibrillin-1 regulates the bioavailability of TGFbeta1

We have discovered that fibrillin-1, which forms extracellular microfibrils, can regulate the bioavailability of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1, a powerful cytokine that modulates cell survival and phenotype. Altered TGFbeta signaling is a major contributor to the pathology of Marfan syndrome (MFS) and related diseases. In the presence of cell layer extracellular matrix, a fibrillin-1 sequence encoded by exons 44-49 releases endogenous TGFbeta1, thereby stimulating TGFbeta receptor-mediated Smad2 signaling. This altered TGFbeta1 bioavailability does not require intact cells, proteolysis, or the altered expression of TGFbeta1 or its receptors. Mass spectrometry revealed that a fibrillin-1 fragment containing the TGFbeta1-releasing sequence specifically associates with full-length fibrillin-1 in cell layers. Solid-phase and BIAcore binding studies showed that this fragment interacts strongly and specifically with N-terminal fibrillin-1, thereby inhibiting the association of C-terminal latent TGFbeta-binding protein 1 (a component of the large latent complex [LLC]) with N-terminal fibrillin-1. By releasing LLC from microfibrils, the fibrillin-1 sequence encoded by exons 44-49 can contribute to MFS and related diseases.     

Translocation of the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1) into the nucleus

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) signal transduction involves the recruitment of the IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1). Subsequent signaling finally leads to nuclear translocation of NFkappaB. We here show that the association and autophosphorylation of IRAK-1 was already detectable 30 s after IL-1 stimulation of ECV 304 cells. Significant levels of IRAK-1 accumulated in the nucleus 30 min after IL-1 stimulation shown by Western blot analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Nuclear transfer of IRAK-1 upon IL-1 stimulation was confirmed in the murine T cell line EL-4. This characterizes nuclear localization of IRAK-1 as a possibly essential event in the IL-1 signaling cascade.     

Role of the ASK1-SEK1-JNK1-HIPK1 signal in Daxx trafficking and ASK1 oligomerization

Overexpression of JNK binding domain inhibited glucose deprivation-induced JNK1 activation, relocalization of Daxx from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) oligomerization in human prostate adenocarcinoma DU-145 cells. However, SB203580, a p38 inhibitor, did not prevent relocalization of Daxx and oligomerization of ASK1 during glucose deprivation. Studies from in vivo labeling and immune complex kinase assay demonstrated that phosphorylation of Daxx occurred during glucose deprivation, and its phosphorylation was mediated through the ASK1-SEK1-JNK1-HIPK1 signal transduction pathway. Data from immunofluorescence staining and protein interaction assay suggest that phosphorylated Daxx may be translocated to the cytoplasm, bind to ASK1, and subsequently lead to ASK1 oligomerization. Mutation of Daxx Ser667 to Ala results in suppression of Daxx relocalization during glucose deprivation, suggesting that Ser667 residue plays an important role in the relocalization of Daxx. Unlike wild-type Daxx, a Daxx deletion mutant (amino acids 501-625) mainly localized to the cytoplasm, where it associated with ASK1, activated JNK1, and induced ASK1 oligomerization without glucose deprivation. Taken together, these results show that glucose deprivation activates the ASK1-SEK1-JNK1-HIPK1 pathway, and the activated HIPK1 is probably involved in the relocalization of Daxx from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The relocalized Daxx may play an important role in glucose deprivation-induced ASK1 oligomerization.     

Analysis of the cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) gene polymorphism in the ethnic groups of the republic of Bashkortostan

In three ethnic groups from the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russians (N = 451), Tatars (N= 333), and Bashkirs (N = 171), allele, genotype, and haplotype frequency distribution patterns of the CYP1A1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms, A2455G and T33801C, were investigated. Substantial interethnic differences in the allele frequency distribution patterns of the CYP1A1 polymorphisms A2455G and T3801C (χ ² = 15.61, d.f. = 2, P = 0.0001; and χ ² = 22.10, d.f. = 2, P = 0.0001, respectively) were observed. Pairwise comparison showed that ethnic groups of Tatars and Russians were similar in the A2455G allele frequencies (χ ² = 1.10, d.f. = 1, P = 0.30). However, in case of the T3801C marker, statistically significant differences were revealed (χ ² = 4.56, d.f. = 1, P = 0.032). At the same time, Bashkir ethnic group was found to be statistically significantly different from Russians and Tatars in the CYP1A1 polymorphic allele frequency distribution patterns (χ ² = 15.74, d.f. = 2, P = 0.0001; and χ ² = 7.47, d.f. = 1, P = 0.024, for A2455G, and χ ² = 6.46, d.f. = 1, P = 0.011; and χ ² = 21.36, d.f. = 1, P = 0.0001, for T3801C). Analysis of the CYP1A1 haplotype diversity showed that in terms of the CYP1A1 haplotype frequency distribution patterns, Bashkir ethnic group was statistically significantly different from both Russians (χ ² = 30.07, d.f. = 3, P = 0.0001) and Tatars (χ ² = 11.28, d.f. = 3, P = 0.013). The differences observed were caused by the high frequency of haplotype CYP1A1*2B, which was represented by a combination of rare alleles of the CYP1A1 polymorphisms A2455G and T3801C in Bashkirs (5.81%). On the other hand, the ethnic groups of Russians and Tatars residing in the Republic of Bashkortostan were characterized by similar frequencies of the CYP1A1 haplotypes (χ ² = 6.322, d.f. = 3, P = 0.127). The data obtained could be used in further investigations of the genetic bases of ecology dependant diseases and in the risk groups in the Republic of Bashkortostan.