紫外线和60Co-γ联合诱变褐色高温单孢菌及产酶特性研究

本研究以褐色高温单孢菌(Thermomonospora fusca)为出发菌株,通过紫外线和60Co-γ射线联合诱变,获得了一株纤维素酶高产菌株AV8,CMC酶活力达到0.679 IU/mL,与出发菌株相比,其产酶能力提高3.53倍。通过对AV8产纤维素酶的培养条件进行测定,结果显示:产纤维素酶最适应温度为55℃;该菌的最适产CMC酶初始PH值为7.0,最适产FPA酶初始PH值为8.0;当培养到第7天时,产CMC酶达到高峰。当培养到第8天时产FPA酶达到高峰。     

60Coγ射线辐照花魔芋球茎的早期诱变效应研究

本试验开展了花魔芋早期诱变效应研究。通过^60Coγ射线辐照后的植株苗期发育观察和根尖细胞学检测分析,结果表明魔芋辐射诱变效应显著：辐照诱发核畸变和染色体畸变,且变异频率与剂量呈二次曲线关系;低剂量时对细胞分裂有刺激作用;辐照抑制芽体发育、苗期生长,抑制效应随剂量增加而加大,直至产生致死作用。依据花魔芋的辐射敏感性,建立了魔芋辐照诱变体系,以催芽球茎为诱变材料,诱变剂量范围为0Gy～50Gy,剂量率为1Gy／min,中等适宜剂量为7Gy～10Gy,致死剂量50Gy。     

蝴蝶兰60Coγ射线诱变育种研究(简报)

以蝴蝶兰组培原球茎或小苗为材料进行60Coγ射线诱变(剂量15Gy)处理,得到一系列诱变苗;对诱变苗分株扩繁(培养基配方为MS 6-BA5.0mg/L CM150ml/L 蔗糖2% 琼脂1%),扩繁后的诱变苗移到生根培养基(MS NAA0.5mg/L CM150ml/L 蔗糖2% 琼脂1%)上诱导生根,炼苗后移栽到含碎砖块和水草的小盆钵中,成活率90%。     

~（60）Co－γ射线诱变柠檬酸产生菌黑曲霉Co9－6的研究

本试验采用￣（６０）Ｃｏ－γ射线对柠檬酸产生菌黑曲霉Ｃｏ９－６进行辐射,经两次处理后选育出Ｌ１２１７和Ｌ８０１两株优良柠檬酸产生菌。中试结果表明菌株Ｌ１２１７较Ｌ８０１更优：产酸率较菌株Ｃｏ９－６提高１７．６％、发酵周期缩短１３．４％、对糖转化率提高１３．３％。     

60Coγ射线辐射中国水仙的细胞学诱变效应

用60Coγ射线辐射中国水仙三年生鳞茎,首次研究了辐射后中国水仙鳞茎M1代形态损伤、剂量效应曲线、细胞学变化及其与形态变化的关系。结果表明,60Coγ射线抑制细胞分裂,降低细胞分裂指数,引起中国水仙的形态损伤,并诱发中国水仙染色体畸变和核畸变,畸变类型丰富。在染色体畸变中染色体桥的发生频率较高,随着辐射剂量的增加染色体断片率提高。细胞核畸变中,微核发生率最高。核畸变率、染色体畸变率与剂量间存在显著的线性正相关,相关系数分别为0.9874、0.9829,线性方程表达式分别为Y=-0.085 1.0385X,Y=-9.6727 2.3697X。间期细胞微核率与分裂期染色体畸变率间呈正相关。     

肯氏相思^60Co—γ辐照诱变研究

采用不同剂量（３０００，５０００，７０００Ｒａｄ）＾６０Ｃｏ－γ辐照肯氏相思种子，选育出诱变优株（Ｍ１），以Ｍ１的种子（Ｍ２）扩种试验，观测Ｍ１和Ｍ２代的形态，物候，并测定过氧化物酶同功酶带谱，酶活性，蛋白质含量，结果表明，各处理的优株与对照都存在差异。在相同生态条件下，Ｍ１代林木生长量和Ｍ２代地上部生物量分别高于对照１１．４８％￣２１．６４％和１４．６２％￣７３．８９％，以５０００Ｒａｄ辐照剂量     

60Coγ射线引发聚合的丙烯酸共聚物阻垢缓蚀剂性能研究

采用60Coγ射线引发聚合制备了丙烯酸共聚物阻垢缓蚀剂,考察了该阻垢缓蚀剂与国内同类产品在不同环境条件下的阻垢率和缓蚀率,实验表明：该阻垢缓蚀剂具有耐高温,耐碱的优点,阻垢和缓蚀性能优于国内同类产品;经过半年的工业现场应用试验,取得了很好的效果.     

~（60）Co－γ射线诱变钝顶螺旋藻的研究

用不同剂量的６０Ｃｏ－γ射线诱变钝顶螺旋藻Ｓｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａｐｌａｔｅｎｓｉｓ出发株（Ｓｐ）ＩＳ－９００１０,筛选获得两株抗高光抑制突变株（Ｓｐ）ＡＩｐ－９００１０和（Ｓｐ）ＡＩｐ－９００１１,然后比较出发株和突变株的一般形态和生理生化特性。出发株和突变株的一般形态有较大的差异,与出发株相比,两个突变株藻丝体显著变短,螺旋数目大大减小。出发株是对高光敏感的品系,而突变株表现明显的抗高光抑制,１３０００ｌｘ光强下出发株和两个突变株的代时分别为２９．４、２０．８和２２．２ｈ。（Ｓｐ）ＡＩｐ－９００１１的光合作用和呼吸作用与出发株相似,而（Ｓｐ）ＡＩｐ－９００１０明显地表现出高光合、低呼吸作用。突变株和出发株都属于中温品系,最适温度为２８℃,具有较广的温度适应范围（２３～３５℃）以及相同的耐盐性,但突变株的生长速率比出发株快、代时短。此外三者的蛋白质含量、氨基酸组成差别不大：（Ｓｐ）ＡＩｐ－９００１１的可溶性多糖比出发株减少４０％。而在（Ｓｐ）ＡＩｐ－９００１０中其含量提高６０％。     

60Co-γ射线诱变选育富硒酵母菌株

本试验以产朊假丝酵母菌(Candida utilis)为出发菌株,通过60Co-γ射线诱变,采用Na2SeO3抗性平板初筛和摇瓶培养复筛的方法,获得了一株高硒和高硒蛋氨酸含量的菌株CU7,与出发菌株相比,生物量达到10.58g/L、总硒提高了2.01倍.硒蛋氨酸的含量提高了2.44倍,硒蛋氨酸与总硒的比值也由49.85...     

^60Coγ辐射对亚洲玉米螟体内保护酶活力的影响

作研究了亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guen．)不同虫态(3～4龄幼虫、1～2d龄蛹、当天羽化成虫)体内过氧化物醇(POD)和过氧化氢醇(CAT)活力在不同^60Coγ辐照条件下的变化。结果表明：亚洲玉米螟不同虫杰的POD活力顺序为;雌成虫>1～2d蛹>雄成虫>3～4龄幼虫;CAT活力为：3～4龄幼虫>雄成虫>雌成虫>1～2d龄蛹。辐照处理后,POD活力随辐照剂量的增加而呈上升趋势,三种虫态均以40Krad处理后曲活力最高;CAT的话力变化较大．3～4龄幼虫、1～2d龄蛹和雄威虫都以30Krad处理曲活力最高,雌戚虫以20Krad处理的最高。本试验结果有助于阐明辐射对昆虫生理生化的效应。     

Effects of ionizing radiation (60Co gamma rays) on growth and morphogenesis ofHaworthia mirabilis,haw. Callus tissue

Summary The effects of γ-radiation on growth and morphogenesis ofHaworthia callus in vitro were determined. The doses ranged from 100 to 5000 rads. Survival, growth pattern, growth rate, and differentiation of vegetative buds and roots in both irradiated and nonirradiated callus were compared. Growth data up to 24 weeks for irradiated and control cultures were analyzed. The dose range between 800 to 2500 rads produced compact callus as compared to the controls which were friable. After 12 weeks all control cultures differentiated vegetative buds with roots, whereas callus exposed to 800 to 2500 rads continued to grow with little or no organogenesis. However, it was observed that the wet and dry weights of callus receiving 1000 to 1500 rads ultimately exceeded those of nonirradiated controls.     

巴氏碳球C_（60）对红细胞膜的光敏作用研究

用人红细胞膜作实验材料,研究了巴氏碳球Ｃ_（６０）对红细胞膜的光敏作用。结果发现,Ｃ_（６０）光激发后对膜蛋白质几种重要氨基酸有明显破坏作用,并氧化膜蛋白巯基和膜不饱和脂肪酸,采用ＮａＮ３和ＳＯＤ作抑制剂探明了Ｃ_（６０）的光敏作用存在氧自由基的影响,并在Ｃ_（６０）光激发后的电子顺磁共振（ＥＳＲ）研究中得到进一步证实。     

Modification of isolated α and β chains of human hemoglobin by the metal tetrasulfonated phthalocyanines. Studies on hybrid phthalocyanine-heme intermediates

α and β chains of hemoglobin have been modified with cobalt(II) tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine in place of heme. They display properties very similar to those of iron(II) phthalocyanine modified α and β chains. Mixed together they form tetrameric cobalt(II) phthalocyanine hemoglobin.Incorporation of Co(II)L into α and β globins results in stabilization of the protein structure, which is shown by a marked increase in its helicity content. Cobalt phthalocyanine substituted α and β chains are able to combine reversibly with oxygen giving more stable oxygenated species than their native analogues. The rate of both processes is lower in the case of the modified α chain. Recombination of the phthalocyanine α and β chains with the alternate heme containing chains give tetrameric hybrid hemoglobins. These comprise two phthalocyanine modified subunits and two heme containing subunits. The helicity content of the tetrameric hybrid hemoglobin calculated for one subunit is lower that the arithmetic mean of helicities for its isolated subunits. This suggests a destabilizing chain-chain interaction within the tetramer. Unlike in the separated subunits, oxygen binding by hybrid hemoglobins is irreversible. Deoxygenation by argon bubbling leads to the formation of inactive species which in oxygen atmosphere undergo irreversible oxidation with destruction of the complex.     

Studies on the regioselectivity and kinetics of the action of trypsin on proinsulin and its derivatives using mass spectrometry

Human M-proinsulin was cleaved by trypsin at the R³¹R³²–E³³ and K⁶⁴R⁶⁵–G⁶⁶ bonds (B/C and C/A junctions), showing the same cleavage specificity as exhibited by prohormone convertases 1 and 2 respectively. Buffalo/bovine M-proinsulin was also cleaved by trypsin at the K⁵⁹R⁶⁰–G⁶¹ bond but at the B/C junction cleavage occurred at the R³¹R³²–E³³ as well as the R³¹–R³²E³³ bond. Thus, the human isoform in the native state, with a 31 residue connecting C-peptide, seems to have a unique structure around the B/C and C/A junctions and cleavage at these sites is predominantly governed by the structure of the proinsulin itself. In the case of both the proinsulin species the cleavage at the B/C junction was preferred (65%) over that at the C/A junction (35%) supporting the earlier suggestion of the presence of some form of secondary structure at the C/A junction. Proinsulin and its derivatives, as natural substrates for trypsin, were used and mass spectrometric analysis showed that the k_cat./K_m values for the cleavage were most favourable for the scission of the bonds at the two junctions (1.02 ± 0.08 × 10⁵ s^− 1 M^− 1) and the cleavage of the K²⁹–T³⁰ bond of M-insulin-RR (1.3 ± 0.07 × 10⁵ s^− 1 M^− 1). However, the K²⁹–T³⁰ bond in M-insulin, insulin as well as M-proinsulin was shielded from attack by trypsin (k_cat./K_m values around 1000 s^− 1 M^− 1). Hence, as the biosynthetic path follows the sequence; proinsulin → insulin-RR → insulin, the K²⁹–T³⁰ bond becomes shielded, exposed then shielded again respectively.     

Elevated blood Hsp60, its structural similarities and cross-reactivity with thyroid molecules,and its presence on the plasma membrane of oncocytes point to the chaperonin as an immunopathogenic factor in Hashimoto's thyroiditis

The role Hsp60 might play in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases is under investigation, but little information exists pertaining to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). With the aim to fill this gap, in the present work, we directed our attention to Hsp60 participation in HT pathogenesis. We found Hsp60 levels increased in the blood of HT patients compared to controls. The chaperonin was immunolocalized in thyroid tissue specimens from patients with HT, both in thyrocytes and oncocytes (Hurthle cells) with higher levels compared to controls (goiter). In oncocytes, we found Hsp60 not only in the cytoplasm but also on the plasma membrane, as shown by double immunofluorescence performed on fine needle aspiration cytology. By bioinformatics, we found regions in the Hsp60 molecule with remarkable structural similarity with the thyroglobulin (TG) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) molecules, which supports the notion that autoantibodies against TG and TPO are likely to recognize Hsp60 on the plasma membrane of oncocytes. This was also supported by data obtained by ELISA, showing that anti-TG and anti-TPO antibodies cross-react with human recombinant Hsp60. Antibody-antigen (Hsp60) reaction on the cell surface could very well mediate thyroid cell damage and destruction, perpetuating inflammation. Experiments with recombinant Hsp60 did not show stimulation of cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HT patients. All together, these results led us to hypothesize that Hsp60 may be an active player in HT pathogenesis via an antibody-mediated immune mechanism.     

Synthesis and characterization of [Co(NO2)2(acac)(IMH2py)] with one-electron-reduced imino nitroxide radical associated with unusual displacement of acetylacetonate in the starting complex trans-Na[Co(NO2)2(acac)2]

A reaction of trans-Na[Co(NO₂)₂(acac)₂] with IM2py(2(2^′-pyridyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl) in methanol afforded trans-[Co(NO₂)₂(acac)(IMH2py)](IMH2py=1-hydroxyl-2(2^′-pyridyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole); one-electron reduction of the N-O radical moiety in IM2py and displacement of one of the two acac ligands with retention of two nitrito ligands in the starting complex during the reaction. This new complex was characterized by UV-Vis, ¹H NMR spectra and X-ray analysis.