内循环气升式发酵罐的特性及其用于谷氨酸发酵的研究

对50L内循环气升式发酵罐的混合、传质、气含率、液体循环等性能进行了系统的研究,优选出设备的最佳结构及得出氧的体积传质系数(k_La)关联式。在此基础上,进行了谷氨酸的一次低糖发酵试验,得出适用于此设备的谷氨酸发酵最佳工艺。实验结果的最高产酸率为7．69％,转化率为58．8％,比使用同一菌种的用机械搅拌罐发酵的产酸率(6．O％)及转化率(44％)分别提高28．2％和33．6％。     

氧载体发酵体系的氧传递特性及提高衣康酸产酸能力的研究

测定了不同氧载体的理化参数,研究了机械搅拌罐氧载体发酵体系中的氧载体的体积分数,搅拌转速和通风量对体积氧传递系数的影响,并推导出传质系数的关联式。实验表明,加入氧载体后,可提高发酵体系的ＫＬａ值３０－２００％,衣原酸发酵中加入氧载体正十二烷,可提高产酸１４％以上。     

三相逆流湍动床气液传质性能的研究

由空气-水(清水/废水)-中空玻璃珠构成三相体系,在表观气速0·53~10mm·s-1、固含率为0~0·3、表观液速0~0·2mm·s-1的条件下,采用溶氧仪研究了三相逆流湍动床的气液传质性能,考察了操作参数和液体性质对液相容积传质系数kLa的影响。结果表明,在所试条件下,kLa为0·0456~1·414min-1。kLa随着表观气速和表观液速的增加而增加,随着固含率的增加先增加后减小,0·05~0·08为反应器传质的最优固含率条件。液体性质对kLa有重大影响,高浓度模拟废水和工业废水中的kLa比清水中的kLa分别减小39·0%和50·9%。研究结果可为后续逆流湍动床废水生物处理过程分析与模拟提供传质基础数据。     

短梗霉多糖发酵过程特征的研究

本文针对短梗霉多糖发酵过程,经研究建立了基于逻辑方程和Luedeking—Piret方程的动力学模型： dx／dt=肛x(1一x／xm) dP／dt=m1x十m2(dx/dt) ds／dt=-b1x-b2(dx／dt)-b3(dP／dt) 其流变特性由初始时的牛顿流体转变为典型的假塑性非牛顿流体并遵从指数方程,即：τ=Kγn随发酵过程进行,发酵液的表观粘度增大,体积氧传质系数减小。搅拌转速的增加有利于提高体积氧传质系数。流变指数n、稠度系数K、气液传质系数Kla。与菌体浓度x、多糖浓度P、搅拌转速N及表观粘度ηa间分别有如下经验方程; k=1．2×10-2X2.43 n=0．461(P／Pm)0.07(x／xm)0.216 KLaDi2=1．48×104(D:N2)0.71(ηW)0.15 Dg ηa     

普鲁兰的底物流加补料发酵研究

在批式发酵优化条件基础上,通过对流加补料方式、流加起始时间、批式流加间隔时间、补料液的组成等对发酵过程的各种参数,如产物量、转化率、生物量、溶氧、发酵液pH、发酵液黏度以及产物分子量等的影响进行了研究,确定了普鲁兰流加补料发酵的优化条件,使发酵转化率达到70%以上,产物平均分子量在10万以上。     

溶氧对L-苏氨酸发酵的影响

探索溶氧对L-苏氨酸发酵过程的影响及其控制方法。通过摇瓶装液量试验、不同溶氧控制方式考察发酵过程中溶氧对L-苏氨酸合成的影响。采用补料分批发酵工艺发酵L-苏氨酸,利用氨基酸分析仪测定发酵液中L-苏氨酸的产量,通过10L罐补料分批发酵36h,产酸可达118.9g/L,糖酸转化率为47.6%。可以得出溶氧对L-苏氨酸生物合成有重要影响,并建立了最佳溶氧控制条件。     

发酵过程中溶氧的影响及调控

存在许多因素可以影响整个发酵过程的进行。培养基中的溶氧浓度(DO)作为其中一个最基本的因素,它能显著影响微生物的生长和产物的形成。在发酵过程中必须根据不同阶段供给适量的无菌空气用以保障工程菌的代谢特点保证工程菌繁殖和代谢产物的合成。发酵过程中氧的传质速率受发酵液的理化性质、操作参数及反应器的结构三方面影响。     

新型气液双升式动物细胞反应器

为克服目前动物细胞反应器存在的不足 ,设计了一种新型气液双升式动物细胞反应器( ALLR)。该反应器结合了气升式反应器和流化床反应器的优点 ,同时在结构上使气泡与流体自然流动与分离 ,消除了气泡凝聚破裂给细胞造成的机械损伤。测定了 2 L反应器的液体循环流速及氧传质系数 KLa值 ,表明 ALLR具有较好的传质性能和极小的流体剪切力 ,适合动物细胞的大规模培养     

外循环气升式反应器性能及其应用于大米酒糟废液处理的研究

本文研究了所选反应器的气含率、混合时间和容积氧传递系数等特性。实验是在外循环气升式反应器和鼓泡式反应器的空气－水系统中进行,由所得的实验数据进行回归分析得到反应器的回归方程,并且利用性能较好的外循环气升式反应器,在酒糟废液中培养BN99真菌。结果为：废液中COD值减少了60～70％,pH值从5．2上升到6．5,菌体蛋白的含量高达38．88％,固体、液体易于分离。因此,在真菌培养和酒糟废液处理方面,外循环气升式反应器是一种性能良好的反应器。     

低高径比喷射环流生化反应器流体力学和发酵性能的研究

对高径比s≤2．5喷射环流生化反应器的流体力学和传质特性进行了系统的研究,选出反应器的最佳结构,关联出氧的体积传递系数(k_La)表达式。在此基础上,进行了谷氨酸发酵试验,摸索出用该设备进行各氨酸发酵的最佳工艺条件,使5批一次性投糖发酵的糖酸转化率达到50％以上。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.