猫肾F81传代细胞中犬细小病毒原位PCR检测方法

目的建立在猫肾F81细胞中犬细小病毒原位PCR的检测方法.方法在猫肾F81细胞上感染犬细小病毒,设计特异性引物,用直接原位PCR法在染毒12h,24h,48h细胞片上检测出犬细小病毒,并与常规免疫组化的方法进行了比较.结果在染毒48h的细胞片上,用阳性记分法将两种检测方法得到的阳性细胞进行统计比较,差异极显著(P＜0.001),用原位PCR法所得出的阳性率高.结论原位PCR法检测犬细小病毒具有敏感性高和组织定位的优点.     

犬腺病毒、犬细小病毒联合PCR方法的建立与应用

根据GenBank报道的犬腺病毒(CAV)和犬细小病毒(CPV)序列,设计两对联合PCR引物,其中一对为CAV-1和CAV-2通用引物,另一对为CPV引物。在建立单项PCR基础上,通过优化Mg^2 离子浓度和循环参数等反应条件建立联合PCR,确定联合PCR条件为：96℃180s,96℃230s,56℃30s,72℃280s,30个循环。联合PCR结果显示：CAV—l扩增片段大小为497bp,CAV-2为l019hp,CPV为719hp;细胞和其它相关病毒对照均无扩增带。上述PCR产物经用限制性内切酶酶切和克隆测序,结果均与相应病毒的应有条带和序列相同。敏感性比较试验结果表明。联合PCR比用细胞培养分离病毒敏感。将联合PCR应用于15份CAV和CPV细胞培养物,5份CAV-1、1份CAV-2和3份CPV人工感染犬病料以及30份临床病料检测,并与电镜负染、HA／HI及病毒分离等方法的结果进行比较,结果显示,联合PCR的检出率和病毒分离结果一致,高于电镜负染和HA／HI试验。以上结果说明：CAV-1／12AV-2和CPV联合PCR不仅具有很好的特异性和敏感性,而且可以在短时间内(2．5h～3h)同时鉴定出上述三种病毒。因此具有良好的实验室诊断和临床应用价值。     

半嵌套式PCR技术区别检测犬细小病毒疫苗株和强毒株的研究

Two pairs of PCR primers were designed according to the sequances of the vaccine strain and virulent strain of CPV. Heminested PCR method was established. Result of the first PCR amplification showed the same amplified products of 574bp length, after the second PCR amplification, the virulent strain produced the length 364bp fragment, but the vaccine strain couldn' t produce that. The products of PCR were examined by electrophoresis and restriction enzyme digestion. The result showed the length of the fragment and enzyme sites were as the same as those designed. The PCR assay of CPV was proved to be specific and sensitive. It shows that this method may be used in discriminating the vaccine strain and virulent strain of CPV or monitoring the vaccinated canine in order to aviod disease and financial losing.     

半嵌套式PCR技术区别检测犬细小病毒疫苗株和强毒株的研究

犬细小病毒病是由犬细小病毒(Canineparvovirus,CPV)引起的一种多发于幼犬的致死性传染病,主要表现为出血性肠炎和心肌炎[1].在自然条件下本病多呈散发,而在养犬比较集中的地方则常群发[2].     

犬细小病毒NS1 非结构蛋白可诱导细胞凋亡

【目的】研究犬细小病毒(Canine parvovirus,CPV)非结构蛋白NS1在CPV引起宿主细胞凋亡中的作用,初步探讨CPV引起细胞凋亡的机制。【方法】首先采用PCR方法从犬细小病毒基因组中扩增NS1编码基因,然后利用pcDNA3.1A质粒构建NS1真核表达载体pcDNA-NS1,并通过HEK293FT细胞瞬时表达NS1重组蛋白,用Western-blot检测以确定重组NS1蛋白能否在真核细胞中表达。然后用CPV感染和用pcDNA-NS1表达载体转染F81宿主细胞,通过AnnexinV/PI双染法检测磷脂酰丝氨酸外翻和通过化学发光法检测caspase-3/7活性,分析感染CPV或转染NS1基因对F81宿主细胞凋亡的影响。【结果】结果表明,本实验扩增的NS1基因序列与GenBank的序列一致,构建的表达载体结构正确,并能够介导NS1基因在真核细胞中表达。感染CPV和转染NS1基因均能诱导F81细胞膜磷脂酰丝氨酸外翻和明显提高细胞内caspase-3/7的活性,表明CPV和NS1蛋白均能引起细胞的凋亡。【结论】CPV诱导宿主细胞凋亡与其编码的NS1非结构蛋白有关。     

腹泻犬中细小病毒携带情况以及VP2基因进化分析

为了解四川省部分地区腹泻犬中细小病毒的感染情况以及VP2基因的遗传变异情况。从四川省部分地区收集了50例疑似CPV感染的腹泻犬粪便,对标本采用PCR扩增VP2,并对VP2基因全序列进行测序分析。PCR检测阳性标本19份。序列分析显示,15份扩增出VP2基因全序列标本均为CPV-2a型,聚类分析显示全部序列聚类在同一分支,本次研究的四川省部分地区流行的CPV均为CPV-2a型。可推测目前四川省部分地区所常见的CPV流行株依然以CPV-2a型为主。本次试验所扩增的15份CPV阳性标本与国内外传统毒株有着极高的同源性,提示目前四川省部分地区CPV还未出现重大的变异情况。     

犬细小病毒血凝的检测和血凝抑制试验方法的优化

目的优化血凝和血凝抑制（HA／HI）试验条件,提高HA／HI试验的稳定性和准确性。方法在不同的缓冲液、pH值、猪红细胞浓度、BSA浓度下进行HA／HI试验,选择合适的HA／HI条件。结果pH7．0、0．1％BSA、0．2mol／LPBS、1％猪红细胞可作为HA／HI试验合适的反应条件,猪血球可保存12d不影响试验结果。结论方法优化后稳定性增强、检测时间缩短、准确性提高。     

博尔纳病病毒持续感染细胞系中病毒RNA的原位PCR检测

目的建立检测博尔纳病病毒(BDV)RNA的原位PCR方法。方法首先设计BDV特异性引物以及检测BDV-RNA的原位PCR扩增系统．然后对BDV持续感染细胞(BDV／OL)和正常细胞(OL细胞)爬片进行原位PCR扩增,进而分别用DNA酶或RNA酶消化处理BDV／OL细胞爬片后,再进行原位PCR扩增。结果经原位PCR扩增后．约60％～70％的BDV持续感染细胞核中出现了阳性反应信号,但正常细胞无信号出现,并且病毒感染细胞中的阳性信号在RNA酶消化作用下消失,但不受DNA酶作用的影响。结论该研究建立的PCR检测方法具有BDV和RNA特异性,可以应用于检测相关动物或神经精神疾病患者的脑组织中BDV-RNA,为进一步证明BDV的致病性奠定基础。     

猕猴巨细胞病毒(RhCMV)nested PCR检测方法的建立与初步应用

目的建立猴巨细胞(RhCMV)病毒的nested PCR检测方法,并初步应用。方法根据GenBank中报道的RhCMV全基因序列,针对其中的保守区域Rh85设计两对引物进行nested PCR反应,利用此方法对20份猕猴全血标本进行检测,将检测到的猕猴阳性标本扩增片段进行克隆测序。结果利用保守区域Rh85设计的引物可对人HCMV阳性对照进行扩增。用此方法检测的20份猕猴全血标本,出现2例阳性。其中一例扩增片段经纯化、回收克隆测序后用BLAST软件进行同源性对比,与GenBank中报道的RhCMV序列基本相同。结论建立了从猴全血中直接检测猴RhCMV病毒DNA的敏感、特异的nested PCR方法。     

疫苗原辅料中猪圆环病毒1型、2型和猪细小病毒PCR检测方法的建立及验证

目的 建立疫苗原辅料中猪圆环病毒1型(porcine circovirus type 1, PCV1)、2型(porcine circovirus type 2, PCV2)和猪细小病毒(porcine parvovirus, PPV)的聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)检测方法并进行验证。方法 根据NCBI公布的PCV1、PCV2和PPV基因序列设计了3对特异性引物,通过优化反应条件,建立起检测疫苗原辅料中PCV1、PCV2和PPV的PCR检测方法,并对方法的重复性、中间精密度、专属性、耐用性和检测限进行了验证。结果 PCR反应的退火温度为55℃,特异性引物浓度为10μmol/L。该方法重复性、中间精密度、专属性和耐用性均良好,对PCV1、PCV2、PPV的最低检测限分别为1 pg/μL、100 fg/μL和10 fg/μL。结论 PCR检测方法可以有效检测出疫苗原辅料中外源病毒污染情况,能为生产合格的疫苗提供质量保证。     

Detection of the protozoan Neospora caninum Using in situ Polymerase Chain Reaction

A new method to detect the protozoan Neospora caninum using indirect in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is described. In situ PCR combines the advantages of the extraordinarily high sensitivity and specificity of PCR and the in situ representation of immunohistochemical methods. We describe an indirect in situ PCR, whereby the amplified products were detected using a primed in situ (PRINS) reaction with hapten-labeled nucleotides and visualized using fluorochrome-labeled antibodies. This technique was carried out in both infected cell cultures and formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues. Clear signals were obtained in the N. caninum positive samples using in situ PCR, whereas control slides with Toxoplasma gondii infected tissues always yielded negative results.     

Detection of Various Variant Verotoxin Genes in Escherichia coli by Polymerase Chain Reaction

We constructed common primers for the polymerase chain reaction to detect the genes for various Verotoxins reported, that is, VT1 (or SLT-I), VT2 (or SLT-II), VT2vha, VT2vhb, SLT-IIv (or VT2vp1, VTe) and SLT-IIva (or VT2vp2). A total of 80 Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from humans, domestic animals and meats gave a positive result by PCR with the designed common primers. Digestion by restriction endonucleases BglII and EcoT14I of the amplicon of the VT2vp2 gene gave specific bands of the expected sizes, but not of the amplicons of other VT genes, suggesting a possible method for identification of the VT2vp2 gene. Application of the PCR with the designed primers in diagnostic and epidemiological studies on VTEC infection is also discussed.     

Comparative Evaluation of Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Methods for Routine Enumeration of Specific Bacterial DNA in Aquatic Samples

Summary Three quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods, the internal standard method (IS-PCR), competitive PCR (cPCR) and most probable number-PCR (MPN-PCR), were compared in terms of their ability to quantify specific bacterial DNA in environmental samples. Serially diluted Pseudomonas putida BH, the target bacterium, was inoculated into sterilized potassium phosphate buffer (PPB), river water and activated sludge, total DNA was extracted, and the number of pheB genes carried by P. putida BH in each sample was enumerated. IS-PCR and cPCR could not quantify the pheB gene at low concentrations (1.0 × 10³ copies ml^-1 in all samples and 1.0 × 10⁴ copies ml^--1 in some samples) and tended to give overestimations because of differences in amplification efficiencies between pheB gene and the internal standard/competitor in a reaction tube. Although reproducibility of MPN-PCR was slightly lower than that of the other two methods, MPN-PCR was the most sensitive, enabling us to quantify the pheB gene at 1.0 × 10³ copies ml^--1, and it had a good correlation with the inoculum size of P. putida BH. These results suggest that MPN-PCR is the best suited for routine microbial monitoring in natural environmental samples because of the simple handling, the ease of modification as occasion demands and the wide detection range, especially at low cell densities of the target microbe.     

Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus DNA in Breast Milk by Means of Polymerase Chain Reaction

Three hundred and twenty-five breast milk samples were examined for the occurrence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) by cell culture method. Virus was isolated from the milk in 1 of 177 samples collected within 6 days after delivery, 2 of 115 samples collected during the period of 7 days to 1 month after delivery, 10 of 33 samples collected over 1 month after delivery. Next, we tried to amplify HCMV DNA from the breast milk samples from HCMV seropositive mothers and seronegative mothers at 1 month after delivery by polymerase chain reaction. HCMV DNA was detected in 12 of 13 samples from seropositive mothers and in none of 7 samples from seronegative mothers. It was thought that all women seropositive for HCMV principally shed the virus into their breast milk at 1 month after delivery.     

人传染性软疣病毒快速PCR检测方法的建立

为了能够对传染性软疣病毒(MCV)感染做出准确快速的实验室诊断,从14例临床MCV患者皮疹处提取获得病毒DNA,设计引物并进行PCR扩增获得预期的167bp的片段,经测序并与已报道的序列比对,完全一致。而使用痘病毒科其他病毒的特异引物(正痘病毒和副痘病毒属)则没有特异扩增条带。将病毒DNA进行系列稀释后行PCR扩增,结果表明PCR检测方法的敏感性为5×10-4ng/μL。     

Specific Detection of Buckwheat Residues in Processed Foods by Polymerase Chain Reaction

A specific and qualitative detection method for buckwheat in foods using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed. Trace amounts of buckwheat in commercial food products were qualitatively detected by this method. It should be reliable for detecting buckwheat residues in processed foods and practical for monitoring the labeling system for allergenic food materials.