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1.
Background
Insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), a signaling adaptor protein, was involved in two cancer-related pathways (the phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3K) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways). Several studies have evaluated the association between IRS2 rs1805097 (G>A) polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal and breast cancer. However, the results were inconsistent.Methodology/Principal Findings
A meta-analysis of seven published case-control studies (4 studies with 4798 cases and 5478 controls for colorectal cancer and 3 studies with 2108 cases and 2507 controls for breast cancer) were conducted to assess the strength of association using crude odd ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For colorectal cancer, no obvious associations were found for all genetic models (homozygote comparison OR = 0.96, 95%CI 0.85–1.08, Pheterogeneity = 0.97; heterozygote comparison: OR = 0.91, 95%CI 0.73–1.13, Pheterogeneity<0.01; dominant model: OR = 0.92, 95%CI 0.80–1.06, Pheterogeneity = 0.05; recessive model: OR = 1.02, 95%CI 0.91–1.14, Pheterogeneity = 0.60). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, control source and consistency of frequency with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), still no significant associations were observed. For breast cancer, also no obvious associations were found for all genetic models (homozygote comparison: OR = 0.95, 95%CI 0.71–1.26, Pheterogeneity = 0.10; heterozygote comparison: OR = 1.00, 95%CI 0.89–1.14, Pheterogeneity = 0.71; dominant model: OR = 0.98, 95%CI 0.87–1.10, Pheterogeneity = 0.55; recessive model: OR = 0.95, 95%CI 0.72–1.25, Pheterogeneity = 0.07). We performed subgroup analyses by sample size and did not find an association.Conclusions
This meta-analysis indicated that IRS2 rs1805097polymorphism was not associated with colorectal and breast cancer risk. 相似文献2.
Gaojun Cai Bifeng Zhang Weijin Weng Ganwei Shi Sheliang Xue Yanbin Song Chunyan Ma 《PloS one》2014,9(7)
Objective
Epidemiological studies have shown that E-selectin gene polymorphisms (A561C and C1839T) may be associated with essential hypertension (EH), but the results are conflicting in different ethnic populations. Thus, we performed this meta-analysis to investigate a more authentic association between E-selectin gene polymorphisms and the risk of EH.Methods
We searched the relevant studies for the present meta-analysis from the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the strength of the association between E-selectin gene polymorphisms and EH susceptibility. The pooled ORs were performed for dominant model, allelic model and recessive model. The publication bias was examined by Begg’s funnel plots and Egger’s test.Results
A total of eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies came from Asians. Ten studies (12 cohorts) evaluated the A561C polymorphism and EH risk, including 2,813 cases and 2,817 controls. The pooled OR was 2.280 (95%CI: 1.893–2.748, P<0.001) in dominant model, 5.284 (95%CI: 2.679–10.420, P<0.001) in recessive model and 2.359 (95%CI: 1.981–2.808, P = 0.001) in allelic model. Four studies (six cohorts) evaluated C1839T polymorphism and EH risk, including 1,700 cases and 1,681 controls. The pooled OR was 0.785 (95%CI: 0.627–0.983, P = 0.035) in dominant model, 1.250 (95%CI: 0.336–4.652, P = 0.739) in recessive model and 0.805 (95%CI: 0.649–0.999, P = 0.049) in allelic model.Conclusion
The current meta-analysis concludes that the C allele of E-selectin A561C gene polymorphism might increase the EH risk in Asian population, whereas the T allele of E-selectin C1839T gene polymorphism might decrease the EH risk. 相似文献3.
Background
Although many case reports have described patients with proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-induced hypomagnesemia, the impact of PPI use on hypomagnesemia has not been fully clarified through comparative studies. We aimed to evaluate the association between the use of PPI and the risk of developing hypomagnesemia by conducting a systematic review with meta-analysis.Methods
We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library using the primary keywords “proton pump,” “dexlansoprazole,” “esomeprazole,” “ilaprazole,” “lansoprazole,” “omeprazole,” “pantoprazole,” “rabeprazole,” “hypomagnesemia,” “hypomagnesaemia,” and “magnesium.” Studies were included if they evaluated the association between PPI use and hypomagnesemia and reported relative risks or odds ratios or provided data for their estimation. Pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the random effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran’s Q test and I 2 statistics.Results
Nine studies including 115,455 patients were analyzed. The median Newcastle-Ottawa quality score for the included studies was seven (range, 6–9). Among patients taking PPIs, the median proportion of patients with hypomagnesemia was 27.1% (range, 11.3–55.2%) across all included studies. Among patients not taking PPIs, the median proportion of patients with hypomagnesemia was 18.4% (range, 4.3–52.7%). On meta-analysis, pooled odds ratio for PPI use was found to be 1.775 (95% confidence interval 1.077–2.924). Significant heterogeneity was identified using Cochran’s Q test (df = 7, P<0.001, I 2 = 98.0%).Conclusions
PPI use may increase the risk of hypomagnesemia. However, significant heterogeneity among the included studies prevented us from reaching a definitive conclusion. 相似文献4.
Mélanie Deschasaux Laurent Zelek Camille Pouchieu Mathilde His Serge Hercberg Pilar Galan Paule Latino-Martel Mathilde Touvier 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
Background
Mechanistic hypotheses suggest a potential effect of dietary fiber on breast carcinogenesis through the modulation of insulin-like growth factor bioactivity, estrogen metabolism and inflammation. An association between dietary fiber intake and breast cancer risk has been suggested in epidemiological studies but remains inconclusive. In particular, data is lacking regarding the different types of dietary fibers.Objective
The objective was to investigate the prospective relationship between dietary fiber intake and breast cancer risk, taking into account different types of dietary fiber (overall, insoluble, soluble and from different food sources: cereals, vegetables, fruits and legumes).Design
4684 women from the SU.VI.MAX cohort were included in this analysis as they completed at least three 24h-dietary records within the first two years of follow-up. Among them, 167 incident invasive breast cancers were diagnosed during a median follow-up of 12.6 years (between 1994 and 2007). The associations between quartiles of dietary fiber intake and breast cancer risk were characterized using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.Results
Total fiber intake was not associated with breast cancer risk (HRQuartile4vs.Quartile1 = 1.29 (95%CI 0.66–2.50), P-trend = 0.5), nor was fiber intake from cereals (P-trend = 0.1), fruits (P-trend = 0.9) and legumes (P-trend = 0.3). In contrast, vegetable fiber intake was related to a decreased risk of breast cancer (HRQ4vs.Q1 = 0.50 (0.29-0.88), P-trend = 0.03). Overall vegetable intake (in g/day) was not associated with breast cancer risk (P-trend = 0.2).Conclusion
This prospective study suggests that vegetable fiber intake may contribute to reduce breast cancer risk, in line with experimental mechanistic data. 相似文献5.
Lingjun Zhu Mulong Du Dongying Gu Lan Ma Haiyan Chu Na Tong Jinfei Chen Zhengdong Zhang Meilin Wang 《PloS one》2013,8(3)
Background
A recent genome-wide association study has identified a new genetic variant rs7758229 in SLC22A3 for colorectal cancer susceptibility in a Japanese population, but it is unknown whether this newly identified variant is associated with colorectal cancer in other populations, including the Chinese population.Methods
We examined the associations between rs7758229 and colorectal cancer risk among 1,147 cases and 1,203 controls matched by age and sex. Logistic regression model was used to assess the associations.Results
No significant association was found between rs7758229 and colorectal cancer risk (OR = 0.95, 95%CI = 0.84–1.09, P = 0.463). Similar results were observed in the stratification of tumor location (OR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.80–1.11, P = 0.481 for colon cancer, and OR = 0.96, 95%CI = 0.82–1.13, P = 0.621 for rectum cancer).Conclusions
Our findings did not support an association between rs7758229 in 6q26-q27 and the risk of colorectal cancer in a Chinese population. 相似文献6.
Gathoni Kamuyu Christian Bottomley James Mageto Brett Lowe Patricia P. Wilkins John C. Noh Thomas B. Nutman Anthony K. Ngugi Rachael Odhiambo Ryan G. Wagner Angelina Kakooza-Mwesige Seth Owusu-Agyei Kenneth Ae-Ngibise Honorati Masanja Faith H. A. Osier Peter Odermatt Charles R. Newton 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2014,8(5)
Background
Epilepsy is common in developing countries, and it is often associated with parasitic infections. We investigated the relationship between exposure to parasitic infections, particularly multiple infections and active convulsive epilepsy (ACE), in five sites across sub-Saharan Africa.Methods and Findings
A case-control design that matched on age and location was used. Blood samples were collected from 986 prevalent cases and 1,313 age-matched community controls and tested for presence of antibodies to Onchocerca volvulus, Toxocara canis, Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium falciparum, Taenia solium and HIV. Exposure (seropositivity) to Onchocerca volvulus (OR = 1.98; 95%CI: 1.52–2.58, p<0.001), Toxocara canis (OR = 1.52; 95%CI: 1.23–1.87, p<0.001), Toxoplasma gondii (OR = 1.28; 95%CI: 1.04–1.56, p = 0.018) and higher antibody levels (top tertile) to Toxocara canis (OR = 1.70; 95%CI: 1.30–2.24, p<0.001) were associated with an increased prevalence of ACE. Exposure to multiple infections was common (73.8% of cases and 65.5% of controls had been exposed to two or more infections), and for T. gondii and O. volvulus co-infection, their combined effect on the prevalence of ACE, as determined by the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), was more than additive (T. gondii and O. volvulus, RERI = 1.19). The prevalence of T. solium antibodies was low (2.8% of cases and 2.2% of controls) and was not associated with ACE in the study areas.Conclusion
This study investigates how the degree of exposure to parasites and multiple parasitic infections are associated with ACE and may explain conflicting results obtained when only seropositivity is considered. The findings from this study should be further validated. 相似文献7.
Guofeng Yue Jia Wei Xiaoping Qian Lixia Yu Zhengyun Zou Wenxian Guan Hao Wang Jie Shen Baorui Liu 《PloS one》2013,8(6)
Objective
The present study was designed to examine the anticancer effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine of polyphyllin I (PPI) and evodiamine (EVO) on freshly–removed gastric tumor tissues.Methods
Sixty freshly–removed gastric tumor tissues were collected. Their sensitivity to PPI, EVO, platinum (Pt), 5-FU, irinotecan (CPT-11) were determined by histoculture drug response assay (HDRA). Those samples were also formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded, which were used to examine the mRNA expression levels of aprataxin(APTX), excision repair cross-complementing 1(ERCC1), thymidylate synthase(TS) and topoisomerase I(TOPO1) by quantitative RT-PCR. The association of the gene expression levels and in vitro sensitivity were analyzed.Results
PPI, EVO, Pt, 5-FU and CPT-11 had anticancer effects on the freshly-removed gastric tumor tissues with average inhibition rates of 20.64%±14.25% for PPI, 21.14%±13.43% for EVO, 50.57%±22.37% for Pt, 53.54%±22.03% for 5-FU, and 39.33%±24.79% for CPT-11, respectively. Combination of PPI and Pt, EVO and Pt, EVO and 5-FU had higher inhibition rates than any single drug of them (P<0.001, P = 0.028, P = 0.017, respectively). The mRNA expression levels of ERCC1 were correlated with Pt sensitivity (rho = −0.645, P<0.001); the mRNA expression levels of TS were correlated with 5-FU sensitivity (rho = −0.803, P<0.001). There were also weak but significant correlations between APTX mRNA expression levels and CPT-11 sensitivity (rho = −0.376, P = 0.017) or EVO sensitivity (rho = −0.322, P = 0.036). ERCC1 mRNA expression levels was markedly suppressed by the presentation of PPI (P = 0.001) and slightly suppressed by the presentation of EVO (P = 0.04); whereas, TS mRNA expression levels was markedly decreased by the presentation of EVO (P = 0.017) and slightly decreased by the presentation of PPI (P = 0.047).Conclusion
PPI and EVO both could inhibit the activity of freshly-removed gastric tumor, and they could enhance the anticancer effect of Pt and 5-FU by reducing the mRNA expression levels of ERCC1 and TS. 相似文献8.
Si Chen Qian Wang Ziyan Wu Yuan Li Ping Li Fei Sun Wenjie Zheng Qingjun Wu Chanyuan Wu Chuiwen Deng Fengchun Zhang Yongzhe Li 《PloS one》2014,9(10)
Background
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TNFAIP3, IFIH1, and IRF5 genes have been associated with several auto-inflammation diseases, while the susceptibility between these genes and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) were not reported. This study aimed to investigate whether TNFAIP3, IFIH1, and IRF5 gene polymorphisms confer susceptibility for the IIMs in Chinese Han population.Methods
A large case–control study of Chinese subjects with polymyositis (PM) (n = 298) and dermatomyositis (DM) (n = 530) was accomplished. 968 healthy and ethnically matched controls were available for comparison. Six SNPs in the TNFAIP3 region (rs2230926 and rs5029939), the IFIH1 gene (rs1990760 and rs3747517) and the IRF5 region (rs4728142 and rs729302) were assessed and genotyped using the Sequenom MassArray iPLEX platform.Results
Our study indicated a strong allele association was observed in PM/DM and PM patients for rs2230926 (OR: 1.61, 95%CI: 1.20–2.16, Pc = 7.5×10−3; OR: 1.88, 95%CI: 1.30–2.74, Pc = 4.0×10−3, respectively) and rs5029939 (OR: 1.64, 95%CI: 1.21–2.21, Pc = 6.0×10−3; OR: 1.88, 95%CI: 1.28–2.76, Pc = 5.5×10−3,respectively). And rs2230926 and rs5029939 were significantly associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) in PM/DM and PM patients (Pc = 0.04 and Pc = 0.016; Pc = 0.02 and Pc = 0.03, respectively). In addition, rs4728142 allele and genotype had significant association with PM/DM patients (Pc = 0.026 and Pc = 0.048, respectively). Further analysis with three logistic regression genetic models revealed statistically significant difference in the genotypic distribution in the PM/DM, PM or DM patients when the additive and dominant models were used.Conclusions
This was the first study to reveal TNFAIP3 and IRF5 polymorphisms were associated with PM/DM patients or these patients with ILD, indicating that TNFAIP3 and IRF5 might be the susceptibility gene for PM/DM patients in Chinese Han population. 相似文献9.
Background
Contradictory results have been reported regarding the association between Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARγ2 and coronary artery disease (CAD). We sought to estimate the inconsistent results by performing a comprehensive meta-analysis.Methods
Studies in English or Chinese publications were identified by screening MEDLINE, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang and CBM. 22 studies including 8948 cases and 14427 controls were selected. A random-effects model was applied to combine the divergent outcomes of the individual studies, while addressing between-study heterogeneity and publication bias.Results
The Pro12Ala polymorphism of control population followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all studies (P>0.05). Overall, a marginal increased risk of CAD under the recessive genetic model (AlaAla vs ProAla+ProPro: P = 0.04, OR = 1.31, 95%CI 1.01–1.69, Pheterogeneity = 0.67, I2 = 0%) and the homozygote comparison (AlaAla vs ProPro: P = 0.04,OR = 1.30, 95%CI 1.01–1.68, Pheterogeneity = 0.68, I2 = 0%) was observed. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, carriers of AlaAla homozygotes had a significant increased risk for CAD among Caucasians (AlaAla vs ProAla+ProPro: P = 0.01, OR = 1.45, 95%CI 1.08–1.96, Pheterogeneity = 0.48, I2 = 0%; AlaAla vs ProPro: P = 0.02,OR = 1.44, 95%CI 1.07–1.93, Pheterogeneity = 0.46, I2 = 0%). After dividing into population source, the CAD risk magnitude of hospital-based studies was distinctly strengthened under the recessive model (P = 0.03,OR = 1.85,95%CI 1.07–3.19, Pheterogeneity = 0.87,I2 = 0%) and the homozygote comparison (P = 0.03,OR = 1.83, 95%CI 1.06–3.16, Pheterogeneity = 0.88, I2 = 0%). There was no observable publication bias as reflected by funnel plot and Egger’s linear regression test (t = -0.12, P = 0.91).Conclusion:
Our results demonstrated that the PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism might be risk-conferring locus for the progression of CAD among Caucasians, but not among Asians. 相似文献10.
Objectives
To comprehensively evaluate the association of ERCC1 C8092A and ERCC2 Lys751Gln polymorphisms with the risk of glioma.Methods
Potential studies were searched and selected through the Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) platforms, WanFang and VIP database up to June 2013. Two investigators independently reviewed full text and included studies met inclusion criteria. Combined odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated in a fixed-effects model or a random-effects model according to results of heterogeneity test. All analyses were performed by Revman 5.2 and Stata 10.0 software.Results
A total of 10 studies were included in our meta-analysis, including 3,580 glioma patients and 4,728 controls. Overall, ERCC1 C8092A polymorphism was associated with the risk of glioma (AA vs. CC: OR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.07–1.55, P = 0.01; recessive model: OR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.07–1.55, P = 0.01). When stratified by ethnicity, significant association was only observed in the Chinese population (AA vs. CC: OR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.03–1.81, P = 0.03; recessive model: OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.02–1.75, P = 0.04). For ERCC2 Lys751Gln polymorphism, no significant association was found between ERCC2 Lys751Gln polymorphism and the risk of glioma in different genetic models. A significant association of ERCC2 Lys751Gln polymorphism with the risk of glioma was identified in the Caucasian population under recessive model (OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78–0.98, P = 0.02), but not in the Chinese population.Conclusion
This meta-analysis suggested that the AA genotype of ERCC1 C8092A polymorphism might increase the susceptibility of glioma in the Chinese population. And the TT genotype of ERCC2 Lys751Gln polymorphism may decrease the risk of glioma in the Caucasian population. But the small number of studies and moderate methodological quality require cautious interpretation of the study results. 相似文献11.
Jost B. Jonas Vinay Nangia Arshia Matin Krishna Bhojwani Ajit Sinha Anshu Khare Shubhra Agarwal Karishma Bhate 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
Purpose
To assess the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) and its associations in a population-based setting.Design
Population-based, cross-sectional study.Methods
The Central India Eye and Medical Study included 4711 individuals. All study participants underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination. After medical pupil dilation, PEX was assessed by an experienced ophthalmologist using slit-lamp based biomicroscopy.Results
Slit lamp examination results were available for 4646 (98.6%) study participants with a mean age of 49.3±13.3 years (range: 30–100 years). PEX was detected in 87 eyes (prevalence: 0.95±0.10% (95%CI: 0.75, 1.15) of 69 subjects (prevalence: 1.49±0.18% (95%CI: 1.14, 1.83). PEX prevalence increased significantly (P<0.001) from 0% in the age group of 30–39 years, to 2.85±0.56% in the age group of 60–69 years, to 6.60±1.21% in the age group of 70–79 years, and to 12.3±4.11% in the age group of 80+ years. In multivariate analysis, PEX prevalence was associated with higher age (P<0.001; regression coefficient B:0.11; odds ratio (OR): 1.11 (95%CI: 1.09, 1.13)), lower body mass index (P = 0.001; B: −0.12; OR: 0.88 (95CI: 0.82, 0.95)) and higher diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.002; B: 0.02; OR: 1.03 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.04)). In the multivariate analysis, PEX was not associated with retinal nerve fiber layer cross section area (P = 0.76) and presence of open-angle glaucoma (P = 0.15).Conclusions
In a rural Central Indian population aged 30+ years, PEX prevalence (mean: 1.49±0.18%) was significantly associated with older age, lower body mass index and higher diastolic blood pressure. It was not significantly associated with optic nerve head measurements, refractive error, any ocular biometric parameter, nuclear cataract, early age-related macular degeneration and retinal vein occlusion, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and dyslipidemia. 相似文献12.
Jost B. Jonas Ningli Wang Jie Xu Ya Xing Wang Qi Sheng You Diya Yang Xiao Bin Xie Liang Xu 《PloS one》2014,9(5)
Purpose
The cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) is a major determinant of central retinal vein pressure and thus of retinal capillary pressure. We tested the hypothesis whether prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy are associated with CSFP.Methods
The population-based Beijing Eye Study 2011 included 3468 individuals with a mean age of 64.6±9.8 years. A detailed ophthalmic examination was performed including fundus photography for the assessment of diabetic retinopathy according. Based on a previous study with lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) measurements, CSFP was calculated as CSFP[mmHg] = 0.44xBody Mass Index[kg/m2]+0.16 Diastolic Blood Pressure[mmHg]–0.18xAge[Years]−1.91.Results
In binary regression analysis, presence of diabetic retinopathy was significantly associated with higher levels of HbA1c (P<0.001; regression coefficient B:0.25; odds ratio (OR):1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.15,1.43), higher blood concentration of glucose (P<0.001; B:0.40;OR:1.49;95%CI:1.36,1.63), longer known duration of diabetes mellitus (P<0.001; B:0.14;OR:1.15; 95%CI:1.11,1.19), higher systolic blood pressure (P<0.001; B:0.03;OR:1.03;95%CI:1.02,1.04), lower diastolic blood pressure (P<0.001; B:−0.06;OR:0.94;95%CI:0.91,0.97), and higher CSFP (P = 0.002; B:0.13;OR:1.14;95%CI:1.05,1.24). Severity of diabetic retinopathy was significantly associated with higher HbA1c value (P<0.001; standardized coefficient beta: 0.19; correlation coefficient B: 0.07;95%CI:0.05,0.08), higher blood concentration of glucose (P<0.001; beta:0.18;B:0.04;95%CI:0.04,0.05), longer known duration of diabetes mellitus (P<0.001; beta:0.20;B:0.03;95%CI:0.02,0.03), lower level of education (P = 0.001; beta:−0.05;B:−0.02;95%CI:−0.03,−0.01), lower diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.002; beta:−0.08;B:−0.001;95%CI:−0.004,−0.001), higher systolic blood pressure (P = 0.006; beta:0.06;B:0.001;95%CI:0.000,0.001), and higher CSFP (P = 0.006; beta:0.06;B:0.006;95%CI:0.002,0.010).Conclusions
Higher prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy were associated with higher estimated CSFP after adjusting for systemic parameters. Higher CSFP through a higher retinal vein pressure may lead to more marked retinal venous congestion and vascular leakage in diabetic retinae. 相似文献13.
Direk Limmathurotsakul Manas Kanoksil Vanaporn Wuthiekanun Rungrueng Kitphati Bianca deStavola Nicholas P. J. Day Sharon J. Peacock 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2013,7(2)
Background
Melioidosis is a serious infectious disease caused by the Category B select agent and environmental saprophyte, Burkholderia pseudomallei. Most cases of naturally acquired infection are assumed to result from skin inoculation after exposure to soil or water. The aim of this study was to provide evidence for inoculation, inhalation and ingestion as routes of infection, and develop preventive guidelines based on this evidence.Methods/Principal Findings
A prospective hospital-based 1∶2 matched case-control study was conducted in Northeast Thailand. Cases were patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis, and controls were patients admitted with non-infectious conditions during the same period, matched for gender, age, and diabetes mellitus. Activities of daily living were recorded for the 30-day period before onset of symptoms, and home visits were performed to obtain drinking water and culture this for B. pseudomallei. Multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis based on 286 cases and 512 controls showed that activities associated with a risk of melioidosis included working in a rice field (conditional odds ratio [cOR] = 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–3.3), other activities associated with exposure to soil or water (cOR = 1.4; 95%CI 0.8–2.6), an open wound (cOR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.2–3.3), eating food contaminated with soil or dust (cOR = 1.5; 95%CI 1.0–2.2), drinking untreated water (cOR = 1.7; 95%CI 1.1–2.6), outdoor exposure to rain (cOR = 2.1; 95%CI 1.4–3.2), water inhalation (cOR = 2.4; 95%CI 1.5–3.9), current smoking (cOR = 1.5; 95%CI 1.0–2.3) and steroid intake (cOR = 3.1; 95%CI 1.4–6.9). B. pseudomallei was detected in water source(s) consumed by 7% of cases and 3% of controls (cOR = 2.2; 95%CI 0.8–5.8).Conclusions/Significance
We used these findings to develop the first evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of melioidosis. These are suitable for people in melioidosis-endemic areas, travelers and military personnel. Public health campaigns based on our recommendations are under development in Thailand. 相似文献14.
Wei-jie Guan Yong-hua Gao Gang Xu Zhi-ya Lin Yan Tang Hui-min Li Zhi-min Lin Jin-ping Zheng Rong-chang Chen Nan-shan Zhong 《PloS one》2014,9(11)
Background
Characteristics of lung function impairment in bronchiectasis is not fully understood.Objectives
To determine the factors associated with lung function impairment and to compare changes in spirometry during bronchiectasis exacerbation and convalescence (1 week following 14-day antibiotic therapy).Methods
We recruited 142 patients with steady-state bronchiectasis, of whom 44 with acute exacerbations in the follow-up were included in subgroup analyses. Baseline measurements consisted of chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), sputum volume, purulence and bacteriology, spirometry and diffusing capacity. Spirometry, but not diffusing capacity, was examined during acute exacerbations and convalescence.Results
In the final multivariate models, having bronchiectasis symptoms for 10 years or greater (OR = 4.75, 95%CI: 1.46–15.43, P = 0.01), sputum culture positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OR = 4.93, 95%CI: 1.52–15.94, P<0.01) and HRCT total score being 12 or greater (OR = 7.77, 95%CI: 3.21–18.79, P<0.01) were the major variables associated with FEV1 being 50%pred or less; and the only variable associated with reduced DLCO was 4 or more bronchiectatic lobes (OR = 5.91, 95%CI: 2.20–17.23, P<0.01). Overall differences in FVC and FEV1 during exacerbations and convalescence were significant (P<0.05), whereas changes in other spirometric parameters were less notable. This applied even when stratified by the magnitude of FEV1 and DLCO reduction at baseline.Conclusion
Significant lung function impairment should raise alert of chest HRCT abnormality and sputum culture positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in patients with predominantly mild to moderate steady-state bronchiectasis. Acute exacerbations elicited reductions in FVC and FEV1. Changes of other spirometric parameters were less significant during exacerbations.Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01761214 相似文献15.
Background
There has been no study that has allowed clear conclusions about the impact of suicide-related or mental health consultation-related internet use.Aim
To investigate the impacts of suicide-related or mental health consultation-related internet use.Methods
We conducted prospective observational longitudinal study with data collection at baseline screening (T0), 1 week after T0 (T1) and 7 weeks after T0 (T2). Participants with a stratified random sampling from 744,806 internet users were 20–49 years of age who employed the internet for suicide-related or mental health consultation-related reasons and internet users who did not. The main outcome was suicidal ideation. Secondary outcome measures comprised hopelessness, depression/anxiety, and loneliness.Results
The internet users who had employed the internet for suicide-related or mental health consultation-related reasons at T0 (n = 2813), compared with those who had not (n = 2682), showed a significant increase in suicidal ideation (β = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.20–0.55) and depression/anxiety (β = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.12–0.61) from T1 to T2. Those who disclosed their own suicidal ideation and browsed for information about suicide methods on the web showed increased suicidal ideation (β = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.23–0.88; β = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.26–0.63, respectively). Although mental health consultation with an anonymous other online did not increase suicidal ideation, increased depression/anxiety was observed (β = 0.34, 95%CI: −0.03–0.71).Conclusions
An increased suicidal ideation was observed in the young and middle-aged who employed the internet for suicide-related or mental health consultation-related reasons. Mental health consultation via the internet was not useful, but those who did so showed worsened depression/anxiety. 相似文献16.
Lianzheng Yu Chao Jiang Jun Na Ning Li Wenli Diao Yuan Gu Li Zhao Yan Zou Ying Chen Li Liu Huijuan Mu Yunyong Liu Liya Yu Xiaoli Yang Guowei Pan 《PloS one》2013,8(4)
Background
This study aimed to assess whether Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) had a significantly elevated prevalence of psychiatric disorders compared to urban males in China.Methods
807 MSM were recruited using a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) method in urban area of northeast China. Psychiatric disorders were assessed employing the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI. Version 1.0) according to the criteria of the DSM-III-R.Results
Chinese MSM had a significantly elevated standardized prevalence ratios (SPR) for lifetime prevalence of any disorder (SPR = 2.8; 95%CI: 2.5–3.2), mood disorder (SPR = 3.0; 95%CI: 2.3–3.7), anxiety disorder (SPR = 5.5; 95% CI: 4.6–6.5), alcohol use disorder (SPR = 2.4, 95%CI: 2.0–2.8), and combination of disorders (SPR = 4.2; 95%CI: 3.4–5.1).Conclusions
Chinese MSM had significantly elevated prevalence and comorbidity of psychiatric disorders. RDS is a suitable sampling method for psychiatric epidemiological survey in MSM population. 相似文献17.
Amit A. Negandhi Angela Hyde Elizabeth Dicks William Pollett Banfield H. Younghusband Patrick Parfrey Roger C. Green Sevtap Savas 《PloS one》2013,8(4)
Introduction
In this study, 27 genetic polymorphisms that were previously reported to be associated with clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer patients were investigated in relation to overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) in colorectal cancer patients from Newfoundland.Methods
The discovery and validation cohorts comprised of 532 and 252 patients, respectively. Genotypes of 27 polymorphisms were first obtained in the discovery cohort and survival analyses were performed assuming the co-dominant genetic model. Polymorphisms associated with disease outcomes in the discovery cohort were then investigated in the validation cohort.Results
When adjusted for sex, age, tumor stage and microsatellite instability (MSI) status, four polymorphisms were independent predictors of OS in the discovery cohort MTHFR Glu429Ala (HR: 1.72, 95%CI: 1.04–2.84, p = 0.036), ERCC5 His46His (HR: 1.78, 95%CI: 1.15–2.76, p = 0.01), SERPINE1 −675indelG (HR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.32–0.84, p = 0.008), and the homozygous deletion of GSTM1 gene (HR: 1.4, 95%CI: 1.03–1.92, p = 0.033). In the validation cohort, the MTHFR Glu429Ala polymorphism was associated with shorter OS (HR: 1.71, 95%CI: 1.18–2.49, p = 0.005), although with a different genotype than the discovery cohort (CC genotype in the discovery cohort and AC genotype in the validation cohort). When stratified based on treatment with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based regimens, this polymorphism was associated with reduced OS only in patients not treated with 5-FU. In the DFS analysis, when adjusted for other variables, the TT genotype of the ERCC5 His46His polymorphism was associated with shorter DFS in both cohorts (discovery cohort: HR: 1.54, 95%CI: 1.04–2.29, p = 0.032 and replication cohort: HR: 1.81, 95%CI: 1.11–2.94, p = 0.018).Conclusions
In this study, associations of the MTHFR Glu429Ala polymorphism with OS and the ERCC5 His46His polymorphism with DFS were identified in two colorectal cancer patient cohorts. Our results also suggest that the MTHFR Glu429Ala polymorphism may be an adverse prognostic marker in patients not treated with 5-FU. 相似文献18.
Liang Zhao Ya Xing Wang Wei Zhang Jing Shang Zhang Chang Xi Chen Liang Xu Jost B. Jonas 《PloS one》2013,8(7)
Objective
To assess the prevalence of localized retinal nerve fiber layer defects (LRNFLD) and associated factors in adult Chinese.Methods
The population-based Beijing Eye Study 2011 included 3468 individuals (mean age: 64.6±9.8 years (range: 50–93 years)). The study participants underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SpectralisR-OCT) assisted measurement of the RNFL. A LRNFLD was defined as a sector in which the RNFL contour line dipped into the red zone for a length of <180°.Results
Readable OCT images were available for 3242 (93.5%) subjects. LRNFLDs were detected in 640 eyes (9.9±0.4%) of 479 subjects (14.8±0.6%). In the age groups of 50–59 years, 60–69 years, 70–79 years, and 80+ years, the prevalence of LRNFLD per person increased from 9.9±0.9%, 11.6±1.0% and 20.6±1.4% to 33.0±3.2%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, prevalence of LRNFLDs was significantly associated with older age (P = 0.001; Odds Ratio (OR): 1.03; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.01,1.05), myopic refractive error (P<0.001;OR:0.79;95%CI:0.74,0.85), larger beta zone of parapapillary atrophy (P<0.001; OR:1.34;95%CI:1.20,1.50), presence of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (P<0.001;OR:7.02;95%CI:3.87,12.7), presence of non-glaucomatous optic nerve damage (P = 0.001;OR:43.3;95%CI:8.24,227.1), and presence of diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.003;OR:2.79;95%CI:1.43,5.44).Conclusions
OCT-defined LRNFLDs were present in a prevalence of 14.8±0.6% in a population-based study sample of subjects aged 50+ years. Prevalence of LRNFLDs increased with higher age, myopic refractive error, and larger parapapillary beta zone. Major ocular diseases associated with LRNFLs were glaucoma, non-glaucomatous optic nerve damage and diabetic retinopathy. These data may be helpful for a semiautomatic assessment of the RNFL. 相似文献19.
James Whitehorn Tran Nguyen Bich Chau Nguyen Minh Nguyet Duong Thi Hue Kien Nguyen Than Ha Quyen Dinh The Trung Junxiong Pang Bridget Wills Nguyen Van Vinh Chau Jeremy Farrar Martin L. Hibberd Chiea Chuen Khor Cameron P. Simmons 《PloS one》2013,8(3)
Background
A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified susceptibility loci for dengue shock syndrome (DSS) at MICB rs3132468 and PLCE1 rs3740360. The aim of this study was to define the extent to which MICB (rs3132468) and PLCE1 (rs3740360) were associated with less severe clinical phenotypes of pediatric and adult dengue.Methods
3961 laboratory-confirmed dengue cases and 5968 controls were genotyped at MICB rs3132468 and PLCE1 rs3740360. Per-allele odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each patient cohort. Pooled analyses were performed for adults and paediatrics respectively using a fixed effects model.Results
Pooled analysis of the paediatric and adult cohorts indicated a significant association between MICB rs3132468 and dengue cases without shock (OR = 1.15; 95%CI: 1.07 – 1.24; P = 0.0012). Similarly, pooled analysis of pediatric and adult cohorts indicated a significant association between dengue cases without shock and PLCE1 rs3740360 (OR = 0.92; 95%CI: 0.85 – 0.99; P = 0.018). We also note significant association between both SNPs (OR = 1.48; P = 0.0075 for MICB rs3132468 and OR = 0.75, P = 0.041 for PLCE1 rs3740360) and dengue in infants.Discussion
This study confirms that the MICB rs3132468 and PLCE1 rs3740360 risk genotypes are not only associated with DSS, but are also associated with less severe clinical phenotypes of dengue, as well as with dengue in infants. These findings have implications for our understanding of dengue pathogenesis. 相似文献20.
Tae Seop Lim Beom Kyung Kim Jong Wook Lee Young Ki Lee Sooyun Chang Seung Up Kim Do Young Kim Sang Hoon Ahn Kwang-Hyub Han Chae Yoon Chon Jun Yong Park 《PloS one》2014,9(1)