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Ana Gracanin Vanja Gracanin Katarina M. Mikac 《Ecological Management & Restoration》2019,20(2):156-158
Camera traps are a popular tool for monitoring wildlife though they can fail to capture enough morphological detail for accurate small mammal species identification. Camera trapping small mammals is often limited by the inability of camera models to: (i) record at close distances; and (ii) provide standardised photos. This study aims to provide a camera trapping method that captures standardised images of the faces of small mammals for accurate species identification, with further potential for individual identification. A novel camera trap design coined the ‘selfie trap’ was developed. The selfie trap is a camera contained within an enclosed PVC pipe with a modified lens that produces standardised close images of small mammal species encountered in this study, including: Brown Antechinus (Antechinus stuartii), Bush Rat (Rattus fuscipes) and Sugar Glider (Petaurus breviceps). Individual identification was tested on the common arboreal Sugar Glider. Five individual Sugar Gliders were identified based on unique head stripe pelage. The selfie trap is an accurate camera trapping method for capturing detailed and standardised images of small mammal species. The design described may be useful for wildlife management as a reliable method for surveying small mammal species. However, intraspecies individual identification using the selfie trap requires further testing. 相似文献
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占域模型解决了探测率常常被忽略的问题, 所需数据要求简单, 具有数据来源广泛、经济高效等优点, 越来越多地应用在野生动物监测和研究中。本文综述了占域模型的概念、基本原理及其近年来在国内外的应用进展, 并以红外相机数据为基础, 总结了占域模型所要求的数据采集、处理和分析等流程和基本原则, 同时以广东车八岭国家级自然保护区的花面狸(Paguma larvata)作为研究案例, 展示了占域模型的数据分析过程。最后根据近年来的发展和应用, 总结了占域模型的应用范围和发展趋势以及研究中存在的主要问题。 相似文献
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Camera traps are a powerful and increasingly popular tool for mammal research, but like all survey methods, they have limitations. Identifying animal species from images is a critical component of camera trap studies, yet while researchers recognize constraints with experimental design or camera technology, image misidentification is still not well understood. We evaluated the effects of a species’ attributes (body mass and distinctiveness) and individual observer variables (experience and confidence) on the accuracy of mammal identifications from camera trap images. We conducted an Internet‐based survey containing 20 questions about observer experience and 60 camera trap images to identify. Images were sourced from surveys in northern Australia and included 25 species, ranging in body mass from the delicate mouse (Pseudomys delicatulus, 10 g) to the agile wallaby (Macropus agilis, >10 kg). There was a weak relationship between the accuracy of mammal identifications and observer experience. However, accuracy was highest (100%) for distinctive species (e.g. Short‐beaked echidna [Tachyglossus aculeatus]) and lowest (36%) for superficially non‐distinctive mammals (e.g. rodents like the Pale field‐rat [Rattus tunneyi]). There was a positive relationship between the accuracy of identifications and body mass. Participant confidence was highest for large and distinctive mammals, but was not related to participant experience level. Identifications made with greater confidence were more likely to be accurate. Unreliability in identifications of mammal species is a significant limitation to camera trap studies, particularly where small mammals are the focus, or where similar‐looking species co‐occur. Integration of camera traps with conventional survey techniques (e.g. live‐trapping), use of a reference library or computer‐automated programs are likely to aid positive identifications, while employing a confidence rating system and/or multiple observers may lead to a collection of more robust data. Although our study focussed on Australian species, our findings apply to camera trap studies globally. 相似文献
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Vessel impacts on marine mammals are of growing concern, and marine mammals in urbanized marine environments are at particular risk of exposure. Port Phillip Bay (Victoria, Australia) is one such environment, in which Australian fur seals (AUFS; Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) haul-out to rest, yet little is known about the impacts of vessels on resting seals. We used remote camera traps to investigate the influence of vessel traffic on AUFS behavior at a nonbreeding haul-out site. Environmental, temporal, and vessel-related variables were all associated with changes in AUFS alertness at this site. All vessel types elicited increased alertness above base-line levels (25%), with recreational and commercial motorized vessels associated with a 5.7%–10.8% increase in alertness. Unidentified vessels, the government vessel, and kayaks were associated with significantly increased alertness of 21.7%, 46.4%, and 60.7%, respectively, though accounted for only 6.2% of vessel observations. Vessels breaching current approach regulations (<5 m) showed a 32% increase in alertness, significantly higher than nonbreach approaches. Partial and complete flushing of the platform was rare, occurring in 1.0% of images analyzed. These results suggest that vessels do elicit a response from AUFS at this haul-out site, and that further monitoring of vessel activity and compliance is required. 相似文献
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The post‐fire butterfly fauna in lowland dipterocarp forest of the Bukit Soeharto Education Forest (BSEF), East Kalimantan, Indonesia, was assessed during the period November 1998–April 2000 by means of consecutive Malaise trap samples, with supplementary field observations for March–April 1999. A total of 514 butterflies belonging to 61 species and representing six families were caught in the traps. Melanitis leda (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), Charaxes bernardus (Nymphalidae: Charaxinae), and Danaus genutia (Nymphalidae: Danainae) were the species most frequently caught (60, 52 and 47 individuals, respectively), representing 31% of the total. These three species are generalists and “disturbance indicators” for tropical rainforest, being characteristic of disturbed or secondary forests, being distributed widely, and having larvae that feed on a wide range of host plants. In contrast, other species, such as Trogonoptera brookiana and Troides amphrysus, were recorded before the fires but were not recorded again afterwards. The pre‐ and post‐fire butterfly fauna of East Kalimantan were compared on the basis of butterfly specimens deposited in the Tropical Rain Forest Research Center that were collected in and around the Bukit Soeharto Education Forest before the fires (1988–1995). On the basis of the post‐fire survey, based on Malaise trap samples and field observations, only 43% of the butterfly species (not including Lycaenidae and Hesperiidae) were confirmed to have persisted. The data suggest that refugia that are not affected by fire are necessary for the conservation of specialist butterflies, as well as many other forms of wildlife. 相似文献
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Hisashi Matsubayashi Peter Lagan Noreen Majalap Joseph Tangah Jum Rafiah Abd. Sukor Kanehiro Kitayama 《Ecological Research》2007,22(5):742-748
An intensive camera-trapping study and a nutrient analysis were carried out to understand how natural licks are important for mammals in inland tropical rain forests where soil cations are usually depleted. Using camera traps, we investigated the fauna, food habits, and the frequency of visitation by species at five natural licks in the Deramakot forest reserve, Sabah, Malaysia. All food-habit types of mammals (carnivore, herbivore-frugivore, insectivore, and omnivore), which included 29 (78.4%) of 37 species known in Deramakot, were recorded at the natural licks. The sambar deer, followed by the bearded pig, the lesser mouse-deer, the Malay badger, and the orangutan were the most commonly recorded species and represented 77.5% in terms of the frequency of appearance in all photographs taken throughout the year. These results indicated that, although the proportion of species recorded at the natural licks relative to the whole mammalian fauna of the forest was high, the frequency of visitation greatly varied among the species, and only a few species dominated. The frequency of visitation seemed to reflect both the density of species and the demand for the minerals, because some endangered, low-density species were more frequently recorded by cameras than expected—for example, the orangutan which was one of the top five species among natural-lick users. The natural licks with greater concentrations of minerals in seepage soil water were significantly preferred by the sambar deer and the bearded pig than those with lower concentrations of minerals. This result suggests that the chemical properties of soil water in natural licks determine the frequency of visitation of these herbivorous species that have strong demand for minerals. 相似文献
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程樟峰;郭瑞;翁东明;王军旺;王旭池;许丽娟 《四川动物》2016,35(5):753-758
利用红外相机对浙江清凉峰国家级自然保护区龙塘山区域鸟兽物种多样性和丰富度进行调查。于2013年6月-2014年10月,在12个位点放置红外相机,每台相机在每个位点放置时间为7～17个月。共获得鸟兽有效照片1 840张,有效照片中兽类占69.35%,鸟类占30.65%。经鉴定,兽类有9种,鸟类有14种。兽类中拍摄率最高的是小麂Muntiacus reevesi、花面狸Paguma larvata和黑麂Muntiacus crinifrons,鸟类中拍摄率最高的是白鹇Lophura nycthemera、勺鸡Pucrasia macrolopha和白颈长尾雉Syrmaticus ellioti。红外相机在不同海拔和植物群落中的拍摄率各不相同,1 018～1 260 m海拔段高于811～995 m;在常绿落叶阔叶混交林中的拍摄率最高,针阔混交林最低。研究表明,红外相机陷阱技术对于调查和监测大中型兽类和部分鸟类具有一定优越性,所采集数据及图片对保护区科研监测具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Lex Hiby Phil Lovell Narendra Patil N. Samba Kumar Arjun M. Gopalaswamy K. Ullas Karanth 《Biology letters》2009,5(3):383-386
The tiger is one of many species in which individuals can be identified by surface patterns. Camera traps can be used to record individual tigers moving over an array of locations and provide data for monitoring and studying populations and devising conservation strategies. We suggest using a combination of algorithms to calculate similarity scores between pattern samples scanned from the images to automate the search for a match to a new image. We show how using a three-dimensional surface model of a tiger to scan the pattern samples allows comparison of images that differ widely in camera angles and body posture. The software, which is free to download, considerably reduces the effort required to maintain an image catalogue and we suggest it could be used to trace the origin of a tiger skin by searching a central database of living tigers'' images for matches to an image of the skin. 相似文献
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Fear of predation alters prey behavior, which can indirectly alter entire landscapes. A parasite‐induced ecology of fear might also exist if animals avoid parasite‐contaminated resources when infection costs outweigh foraging benefits. To investigate whether animals avoid parasite contaminated sites, and if such avoidance balances disease costs and foraging gains, we monitored animal behavior at raccoon latrines – sites that concentrate both seeds and pathogenic parasite eggs. Using wildlife cameras, we documented over 40 potentially susceptible vertebrate species in latrines and adjacent habitat. Latrine contact rates reflected background activity, diet preferences and disease risk. Disease‐tolerant raccoons and rats displayed significant site attraction, while susceptible birds and small mammals avoided these high‐risk sites. This suggests that parasites, like predators, might create a landscape of fear for vulnerable hosts. Such non‐consumptive parasite effects could alter disease transmission, population dynamics, and even ecosystem structure. 相似文献
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小灵猫(Viverricula indica)是灵猫科的小型食肉动物, 曾广泛分布于我国南方地区, 近年来种群数量呈现快速下降趋势, 为国家一级重点保护野生动物。由于对小灵猫分布区、栖息地特征与活动节律的认知尚不足, 我们于2021‒2023年在广东省珠海市的凤凰山(城市化程度较高)和淇澳岛(城市化程度较低)开展野外调查研究, 依据公里网格分别布放了30台和15台红外相机, 有效相机工作日分别为6,640个和4,109个, 获得了329和702条小灵猫的独立有效探测。我们发现, 小灵猫在珠海市淇澳岛的网格占有率为100%, 相对多度指数(IRA)为17.08, 而凤凰山的种群密度略低(网格占有率 = 92.6%, IGRA = 4.95)。小灵猫的相对多度与海拔呈显著负相关(P < 0.001), 表明其更偏好在低海拔平原地带活动。凤凰山的小灵猫栖息地被高人口密度的城市所包围, 而淇澳岛的栖息地及周边区域的人口密度较低。凤凰山和淇澳岛的小灵猫年活动节律相似, 但日活动节律差异显著(P < 0.05)。在城市化较低的淇澳岛, 小灵猫的日活动节律为典型的“双峰型”, 而在城市化较高的凤凰山, 呈现为“阶梯型”, 可能是其对城市中人类活动节律的一种适应性对策。本研究表明, 华南沿海的低海拔平原是小灵猫的适宜栖息地, 面临着城市开发建设导致栖息地丧失以及与人类冲突增加的风险; 需要在其重要种源地加强监测, 并通过栖息地修复与生态廊道建设等措施, 促进小灵猫种群的健康稳定与保护。 相似文献
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红外相机是监测野生动物的有效工具,目前广泛用于兽类资源调查以及动物损害、鸟巢生态学、种群评估、行为生态学等研究领域。为了调查北京松山国家级自然保护区的野生动物,于2010年5—12月采用红外相机进行系统调查,在210个位点放置了红外相机,每台相机在每个地点上放置一个月。研究期间共拍摄到照片2203张,其中73%为兽类,12%为鸟类,13%为工作人员,2%为其它人员。共鉴定出17种兽类(分属5目10科)以及36种鸟类(分属5目17科)。兽类中拍摄率最高的前5种动物分别是岩松鼠(Sciurotamias davidianus)、猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)、豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)、狗獾(Meles meles)和貉(Nyctereutes procyonoides),鸟类中拍摄率最高的前5种动物分别是紫啸鸫(Myophonus caeruleus)、雉鸡(Phasianus colchicus)、松鸦(Garrulus glandarius)、勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)和宝兴歌鸫(Turdus mupinensis)。红外相机在不同海拔、不同植被类型以及不同月份所拍摄动物的拍摄率不同:在1000—1400m的海拔段,拍摄率显著高于低海拔(600—1000m)以及中高海拔(1400—1700m);在阔叶林中的拍摄率最高,在针叶林、针阔混交林和灌丛中的拍摄率相似;秋季(8—10月)拍摄率较高,夏季(6—7月)次之,冬季(11—12月)最低。红外相机拍摄到的累积物种数与相机放置的时间成上升曲线,但曲线的增长速率逐渐变缓。研究表明红外相机适合于调查和监测大中型兽类和部分鸟类,所采集的动物数据以及拍摄的图片和视频资料将为保护区的监测、科研和环境教育提供资料。讨论了应用红外相机调查和监测野生动物的技术细节。 相似文献
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AbstractTwo new species of the genus Esakia Lundblad, 1933 are described, both from Borneo: Esakia borneensis sp. n. and E. mazzoldii sp. n. For the first time, E. johorensis Cheng, 1966 is reported from Sumatra; E. hungerfordi Miyamoto, 1967 from Sarawak and Sabah; and E. lundbladi Cheng, 1966 from Thailand (Narathiwat Province). The taxonomy of E. kuiterti Hungerford and Matsuda, 1958 and E. hungerfordi is discussed. Esakia hungerfordi, previously considered by Polhemus (1992) as a synonym of E. fernandoi, is treated here as a separate species from the latter. Easkia kuiterti, which was also synonymised with E. ventidioides Lundlblad, 1933 by Polhemus (1992), is considered valid species. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F6E94274-2305-4096-9186-2D799124E2FA 相似文献
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Willem A. Nieman;Alison J. Leslie; 《African Journal of Ecology》2024,62(3):e13281
Maintaining water availability is crucial for sustaining wildlife populations in African savannah ecosystems, especially in semi-arid regions where natural surface water sources are limited. The establishment of Artificial Water Points (AWPs) has become a common management strategy in protected areas to mitigate the effects of water scarcity. This study investigated the spatio-temporal patterns of mammal visitation to AWPs in Majete Wildlife Reserve, Malawi, over an eight-year period using motion-triggered camera traps. The study documented a total of 34 medium- to large-sized mammal species, with warthog, waterbuck, impala and yellow baboon being the most frequently captured. Temporal analysis reveals diurnal visitation patterns, with peak activity during mid-day hours, and seasonal variations, with most species exhibiting increased visitation during the hot-dry season. Spatial analysis identifies preferences for AWPs proximate to perennial rivers and tourist infrastructure, emphasising the role of habitat features and human presence in AWP utilisation. Management implications include the need for tailored strategies addressing species-specific behaviours and habitat conditions, alongside ongoing monitoring efforts to ensure the sustainability of wildlife populations and ecological integrity. Despite the inherent limitations of camera trap methodology, this study provides valuable insights into AWP management strategies essential for conserving biodiversity in semi-arid environments. 相似文献
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小灵猫(Viverricula indica)是国家一级重点保护野生动物, 有关该物种在我国的当前分布和栖息地生态学的资料非常有限, 不利于其保护管理策略的制定。2021年10月至2023年8月, 作者在海南大田国家级自然保护区通过红外相机技术监测调查了小灵猫的分布, 采用核密度函数和Vanderploeg & Scavia资源选择指数分析了小灵猫的活动节律和栖息地选择。本次调查在区内50个位点共布设了120台红外相机, 总相机工作日累计24,778天, 获得独立有效照片6,250张, 调查期间在13个位点获取了48次小灵猫独立有效探测, 证实小灵猫在该区域稳定存在。小灵猫的活动节律为典型的夜行性, 日活动曲线呈单峰分布, 活动高峰处于22:00前后。区内小灵猫对于人类活动在时间层面呈现明显回避(重叠系数∆ = 0.04), 与同域分布竞争物种豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)之间存在时间生态位上的分离(P < 0.001)。在栖息地选择上, 小灵猫偏好利用食物资源丰富的杧果(Mangifera indica)林、乔木郁闭度中等(50%-75%)、干扰强度中低的生境。本调查研究填补了海南岛小灵猫分布及生态信息方面的空缺, 为后续的深入研究提供了基础信息, 也为更多区域野生小灵猫的保护和管理提供了一定的科学依据。 相似文献
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生物多样性编目是保护区管理和科研的基础性工作。2016年7月—2017年6月,利用红外相机调查四川千佛山国家级自然保护区内的兽类和鸟类多样性。调查期内共布设20个监测位点,累计3 333个相机监测日,获得照片2 355张,视频1 867段,独立有效记录共计436次,共鉴定出兽类4目10科17种和鸟类2目8科18种,其中,国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物3种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物8种,被世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)红色名录列为濒危(EN) 1种、易危(VU) 5种和近危(NT) 1种。调查中发现岷山山系的新记录1种:灰翅鸫Turdus boulboul。兽类相对丰富度指数(RAI)从高到低依次是川金丝猴Rhinopithecus roxellanae(2. 37)、毛冠鹿Elaphodus cephalophus(1. 83)、野猪Sus scrofa(1. 17)、岩松鼠Sciurotamias davidianus(1. 02)、赤麂Muntiacus vaginalis(0. 21); RAI最高的鸟类是鸡形目Galliformes,如红腹锦鸡Chrysolophus pictus(3. 21)和红腹角雉Tragopan temminckii(1. 05),其次是雀形目Passeriformes噪鹛科Leiothrichidae。本研究获得的兽类和鸟类数据是保护区生物多样性本底数据的有效补充,红外相机的持续监测将有利于保护区的长期监测和保护管理。 相似文献
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中国哺乳动物多样性观测网络(China BON-Mammal)为中国生物多样性观测网络(China BON)下属子网, 由生态环境部组织建设, 南京环境科学研究所为牵头单位。观测网络以陆生大中型哺乳动物为观测对象, 基于红外相机技术设置了统一的规程方案与技术标准, 2017-2019年在全国18个省区以县域为单元, 选择74个代表性保护地作为观测样区开展红外相机观测。截至2019年底, 观测网络共收集红外相机照片200多万张, 其中野生动物有效照片30万张, 共观测到哺乳动物11目28科132种、鸟类16目56科408种, 其中国家I级重点保护野生动物45种(兽类33种、鸟类12种), 并发现多个物种分布新记录和珍稀濒危物种。同时, 观测网络平台研发了哺乳动物观测数据库用于图像数据的存储和分析。最后, 本文对目前取得的成果及存在的问题进行分析, 计划将进一步加强数据的处理分析与共享, 进而更好地促进生物多样性保护工作。 相似文献
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区域性生物多样性调查与编目对生物多样性保护至关重要,是制定物种保护和环境管理政策的基础。2023-03-2023-12在江西省永丰县境内7个乡镇布设60台红外相机,红外相机独立有效工作日10 272台日,获得1 388张独立有效照片,鉴定出29种鸟类和兽类,其中兽类4目7科13种,鸟类4目9科16种。所拍摄到物种中,有国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物1种,白颈长尾雉（Syrmaticus ellioti）;国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物5种,分别是中华鬣羚（Capricornis milneedwardsii）、白鹇（Lophura nycthemera）、白眉山鹧鸪（Arborophila gingica）、画眉（Garrulax canorus）和褐林鸮（Strix leptogrammica）;中国脊椎动物红色名录易危（VU）物种4种,分别为小麂（Muntiacus reevesi）、中华鬣羚、白眉山鹧鸪和白颈长尾雉;世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）红色名录易危物种1种,中华鬣羚;兽类相对丰富度最高的物种分别为赤麂（Muntiacus vaginalis）、果子狸（Paguma larvata）、野猪（Sus scrofa）和鼬獾（Melogale moschata）,鸟类为白鹇和白眉山鹧鸪。优势物种活动节律分析表明,赤麂和野猪全天均有活动,果子狸和鼬獾属于夜行性,白鹇和白眉山鹧鸪均属于昼行性。活动节律重叠度分析表明,野猪和果子狸的活动节律重叠度最高,除野猪和果子狸、白眉山鹧鸪和白鹇以外,其余物种对的活动节律均存在显著分化。所有优势物种均存在活动节律的季节变化。 相似文献