RNA编辑蛋白OTP82的表达与纯化

摘要 目的：利用原核系统表达RNA编辑蛋白OTP82,通过蛋白变复性的方法得到全长蛋白,并优化实验条件提高OTP82的收率。方法：利用原核表达系统表达OTP82全长融合蛋白（HSO）,表达后的菌体用高压细胞破碎仪匀浆后收集包涵体并用包涵体洗涤液重复洗涤两遍,然后用含有8 M尿素的变性缓冲液将包涵体搅拌溶解得到蛋白原始液。将蛋白原始液复性后采用镍柱亲和纯化,通过SDS-PAGE和Western-blot检测等方法对HSO的变复性结果进行筛选。结果：通过对复性缓冲液中盐浓度、谷胱甘肽的浓度和比例以及小分子添加剂的探索,得到了OTP82融合蛋白适合的变复性条件（pH 8.5 100 mM Tris,400 mM NaCl,200 mM 精氨酸,5 mM GSH,0.5 mM GSSG,6 mM β-环糊精,2 mM EDTA,1 mM PMSF）复性率达到2.73%（获得蛋白0.42 mg/L）。结论：通过变复性的方式能够在体外得到OTP82的粗蛋白,为揭示RNA编辑蛋白作用机制提供基础实验依据,为后续利用PPR蛋白进行工程蛋白设计奠定了基础。     

GST-Ets-1融合蛋白的表达与纯化

[目的]旨在原核表达Ets-1基因,纯化获得GST-Ets-1融合蛋白。[方法]以SD大鼠脑垂体cDNA为模板,利用PCR扩增含有Bam HI和Not I酶切位点的Ets-1基因;然后将其克隆到pGEX-4T-1原核表达载体中,将正确的重组载体转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3);用IPTG诱导表达,再利用Magne GST particles亲和纯化GST-Ets-1融合蛋白;最后通过Western blot鉴定此融合蛋白。[结果]成功构建pGEX-4T-1-Ets-1原核表达载体;30℃条件下,0.2 mmol/L的IPTG能诱导出大量的可溶性GST-Ets-1蛋白;经Magne GST particles纯化的GST-Ets-1蛋白可被识别ETS-1的抗体特异识别。[结论]纯化的GST-Ets-1蛋白可用于后续的生物学研究。     

炭疽芽孢杆菌EA1蛋白的融合表达和纯化

目的：原核表达重组炭疽芽孢杆菌EA1蛋白。方法：用PCR方法从炭疽芽孢杆菌A16R疫苗株染色体中扩增编码EA1蛋白的eag基因序列,经过纯化、酶切后克隆到含有GST标签的原核表达载体pGEX-6P-2中,构建重组载体pGEX-EA1;将空载体（作为对照）、重组载体转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）菌株获得表达工程菌株,对其表达和纯化条件进行优化;利用Western印迹检测融合蛋白的表达。结果：构建了EA1蛋白的融合表达载体,并在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达;经Glutathione Sepharose 4B纯化获得了EA1蛋白;Western印迹表明,此蛋白可与GST标签抗体反应。结论：在原核表达系统中表达并纯化得到EA1融合蛋白,为进一步对其进行功能研究奠定了基础。     

人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶在大肠杆菌中的融合表达与纯化

目的:在大肠杆菌中表达并纯化人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(HuSOD1)。方法:合成HuSOD1编码基因,PCR扩增后连入pMAL-p5x质粒构建融合表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态,IPTG诱导表达,NBT法测定HuSOD1酶活,利用麦芽糖结合蛋白亲和层析柱纯化MBP-HuSOD1融合蛋白,经因子Ⅹa酶切及分子筛柱层析纯化HuSOD1蛋白。结果:构建了pMAL-p5x-HuSOD1表达载体,在大肠杆菌中实现了高表达,目的蛋白占全菌蛋白的30%,其中可溶性表达占63%,具有超氧化物歧化酶活性;通过亲和层析纯化得到纯度大于95%的融合蛋白MBP-HuSOD1,经因子Ⅹa酶切后纯化得到纯度约90%的HuSOD1蛋白。结论:在大肠杆菌中表达并纯化获得有活性的MBP-HuSOD1,经进一步酶切、纯化后得到HuSOD1。     

绵羊精子赤道膜蛋白片段1(SPESP1)的克隆、原核表达及纯化

旨在克隆绵羊Spesp1 c DNA并表达,得到纯化的GST-SPESP1融合蛋白。以绵羊睾丸组织总c DNA为模板,根据Gen Bank公布的绵羊基因组序列设计引物,PCR扩增得到Spesp1 c DNA,构建原核表达重组载体p GEX-Spesp1,将其转化到E.coliBL21中表达,并优化其表达条件,利用SDS-PAGE切胶纯化法得到纯化的融合蛋白,用Western blot鉴定所得融合蛋白。结果表明,经测序,克隆得到的Spesp1 c DNA序列与Gen Bank中预测的c DNA序列对比有两个碱基不同,并造成一个氨基酸的差异。在E.coliBL21中成功表达重组融合蛋白,其最优表达条件为:37℃、4 h、0.005%IPTG终浓度,SDS-PAGE和Western blotting中,融合蛋白位于约64 k D处并可以被抗GST和抗羊SPESP1的抗体识别,与预计相符,表明融合蛋白成功表达。成功纯化得到GST-SPESP1融合蛋白,为研究SPESP1在精卵细胞膜融合中的功能奠定了基础。     

重组人可溶性BAFF蛋白的原核表达、纯化及鉴定

目的:在大肠杆菌中表达人B细胞活化因子可溶性胞外域134~285(rhsBAFF134-285)蛋白,并进行纯化与鉴定。方法:重组表达质粒pET-32ammrhsBAFF在大肠杆菌Rosetta-gami B(DE3)中于16℃下进行IPTG诱导表达。经His亲和层析纯化得到融合蛋白后进行TEV蛋白酶酶切切除Trx融合标签,进而纯化得到rhsBAFF目的蛋白,SDS-PAGE、Western Blot和ELISA鉴定纯化产物。结果:Trx-rhsBAFF融合蛋白相对分子量约31000,16℃表达时主要以包涵体形式表达,上清中也有部分表达。融合蛋白纯化后经酶切再纯化得到相对分子量约17000、纯度95%以上的rhsBAFF目的蛋白,鉴定可被小鼠抗rhBAFF单克隆抗体和小鼠抗rhBAFF多抗血清特异性识别。结论:成功原核表达并纯化得到rhsBAFF蛋白,为进一步开发用于研究人类自身免疫性疾病的BAFF检测试剂盒奠定基础。     

GST-Smad4融合蛋白的表达与纯化

旨在原核表达Smad4基因,纯化获得GST-Smad4融合蛋白。以人表皮HaCaT细胞的cDNA为模板,利用PCR扩增含有BamH I和SalI酶切位点的Smad4基因;然后将其克隆到pGEX-4T-1原核表达载体中,将正确的重组载体转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3);用IPTG诱导表达,再利用MagneGST particles亲和纯化GST-Smad4融合蛋白;最后通过Western blot鉴定此融合蛋白。结果显示,成功构建pGEX-4T-1-Smad4原核表达载体;30℃条件下,0.2 mmol/L的IPTG能诱导出大量的可溶性GST-Smad4蛋白;经MagneGST particles纯化的GST-Smad4蛋白可被Smad4的抗体特异识别。纯化的GST-Smad4蛋白可用于后续的生物学研究。     

生物活性肽Lunasin 的原核表达和分离纯化

目的:利用基因工程的方法在大肠杆菌中表达并纯化生物活性肽Lunasin。方法:将合成的Lunasin基因插入原核表达载体pET-32a(+)的多克隆位点Nde I和Xho I之间,然后将重组载体转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,利用IPTG诱导表达蛋白,经SDS-PAGE和Western Blot鉴定蛋白的表达。然后利用亲和层析技术将含有6×His标签的蛋白分离纯化、脱盐、冻干。结果:①鉴定结果表明在6kDa位置出现目的条带Lunasin重组蛋白。②亲和层析在100mM咪唑时得到了洗脱的重组蛋白。结论:在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中成功表达并且纯化出了生物活性肽Lunasin。     

柞蚕(Antherea pernyi)丝心蛋白mRNA的分离纯化及其在小鼠Ehrlich腹水癌无细胞体系中的活性测定

本文介绍了两步操作提取纯化柞蚕后丝腺mRNA的方法,用SDS-冷酚法提取全核酸,通过Sepharose-2B柱层析纯化丝心蛋白mRNA,对纯化的丝心蛋白mRNA用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定,达到一条电泳带的水平。此mRNA在小鼠Ehrlich腹水癌无细胞体系中,在4mM Mg~( )和80mM K~ 浓度范围内能有效地促进~3H-Ala参入达7倍以上。     

生物活性肽Lunasin的原核表达和分离纯化

目的：利用基因工程的方法在大肠杆菌中表达并纯化生物活性肽Lunasin。方法：将合成的Lunasin基因插入原核表达载体pET-32a（＋）的多克隆位点Nde I和Xho I之间,然后将重组载体转化入大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中,利用IPTG诱导表达蛋白,经SDS-PAGE和Western Blot鉴定蛋白的表达。然后利用亲和层析技术将含有6×His标签的蛋白分离纯化、脱盐、冻干。结果：①鉴定结果表明在6kDa位置出现目的条带Lunasin重组蛋白。②亲和层析在100mM咪唑时得到了洗脱的重组蛋白。结论：在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中成功表达并且纯化出了生物活性肽Lunasin。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism