转星星草金属硫蛋白基因烟草的获得及其抗重金属镉能力分析

用农杆菌介导法将星星草金属硫蛋白基因（MD转化烟草,PCR及PCR—Southern检测的结果表明,该基因已导入烟草中。Real-TimePCR检测显示,该基因在转基因后代中的转录水平高于非转基因植株。Cd2＋胁迫下,转基因植株能够正常生长,鲜重、株高、叶绿素含量、Cd2＋含量和SOD活性均高于非转基因植株,表明MT基因的过量表达可提高转基因烟草的抗Cd2＋能力。     

转金属硫蛋白基因(MT1)烟草耐NaCl胁迫能力

为明确柽柳(Tamarix sp.)金属硫蛋白(MT1)基因过量表达对提高植物耐NaCl能力的作用,对转MT1因烟草进行分子检测和生理特性分析,结果表明具有卡那霉素抗性的转基因植株经RT-PCR Southern杂交均表现为阳性,说明外源MT1基因已整合到烟草基因组,并且得到了表达。金属硫蛋白基因的过量表达提高了转基因烟草植株的耐NaCl能力,表现为在含有150mmol/L和300mmol/L NaCl的MS培养基上,转基因植株的株高和鲜重均明显优于非转基因株系;在生理性状上表现为转基因植株丙二醛(MDA)含量明显低于非转基因株系,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性比非转基因株系明显增加。     

转mMT—Ⅰ基因烟草对Cd^2＋的耐受力及其细胞学研究

转小鼠金属硫蛋白 ( m MT- )基因烟草 ( N icotiana tabacum L.;90 0 82 )的 F1和对照株对 Cd2 的抗性有明显差异。在含有不同浓度 Cd2 ( 0～ 1 0 0 μmol/L)的培养基上转基因植物生长正常 ,表现出了对Cd2 的高度抗性。而对照株在 Cd2 2 0 μmol/L的浓度下即受到毒害。转基因株中 Cd2 总量及结合态和游离态 Cd2 含量、根的生长速率、细胞分裂指数均明显高于对照 ,而染色体畸变率则明显低于对照株。Southern blot、Western blot、Cd2 含量的原子吸收测定、镉 /血红蛋白饱和法分析 m MT含量表达的结果证明 :转基因株对 Cd2 的高度抗性是 m MT- 基因表达的结果。在不含 Cd2 的培养基上转基因株和对照株均未发现 MT的表达 ,而在含 Cd2 1 0 0μmol/L的培养基上只有转基因株的根与叶检测到 MT的表达。     

小鼠金属硫蛋白突变体αα-cDNA在烟草中的表达及转基因烟草对Cd~(2+)抗性的提高

金属硫蛋白是一类小分子量的金属结合蛋白 ,有 β,α两个结构域 .用另一个 α结构域取代金属硫蛋白的 β结构域 ,得到突变体 αα.通过 PCR法在 αα- c DNA翻译起始密码子 ATG前加入植物偏爱的碱基组合 AACA,构建 Ca MV双 35S启动子驱动的 αα- c DNA植物表达载体 p GPTVd35S-αα,此载体以抗除草剂基因 ( bar)作为选择标记物 .用根癌农杆菌介导的叶盘法对栽培种烟草 NC89进行转化 .Southern和 Western印迹分析表明突变体αα- c DNA已整合进入烟草基因组并且可以正常表达 .Northern印迹结果显示突变体αα- c DNA在烟草根部的表达强于叶部 .烟草根、茎、叶Cd2 +含量分析表明 ,转基因植物与对照相比 ,Cd2 +更多地集中在根部 ,在一定程度上降低了叶片中的 Cd2 + 含量 .Cd2 + 抗性实验进一步证明突变体αα- c DNA的表达提高了转基因烟草对 Cd2 + 的抗性 :转基因烟草在 2 0 0μmol/L Cd Cl2 条件下生长正常 ,在 40 0μmol/Cd Cl2 培养基内也可以存活 .而 1 0 0μmol/L Cd Cl2 即成为对照烟草的致死剂量 .     

转金属硫蛋白及其突变体αα基因烟草的T1代性状分析

转金属硫蛋白MT及其突变体αα的烟草自交得到T1代,转基因植株的重金属抗性和除草剂抗性在后代中得到保持,不同的转基因株系在含有除草剂的培养基中萌发时表现出不同的抗性分离比,说明外源基因在植物染色体内可能有不同的整合拷贝数。两种转基因烟草在含有不同浓度Cd的培养基中萌发时表现出高的重金属抗性,其中转αα基因烟草对Cd的抗性优势在T1代种子萌发实验中更加明显。以MT cDNA为探针进行Southern blot杂交,在T0代和T1代同时检测到两种转基因烟草外源基因的存在,证明外源基因确实整合到烟草基因组内并稳定传递到后代。Western blot结果证明了外源基因在烟草第二代的表达,纯合株系仍需要进一步的筛选。     

转金属硫蛋白及其突变体αα 基因烟草的Tl代性状分析

转金属硫蛋白MT及其突变体αα的烟草自交得到T1代,转基因植株的重金属抗性和除草剂抗性在后代中得到保持.不同的转基因株系在含有除草剂的培养基中萌发时表现出不同的抗性分离比,说明外源基因在植物染色体内可能有不同的整合拷贝数.两种转基因烟草在含有不同浓度Cd的培养基中萌发时表现出高的重金属抗性,其中转αα基因烟草对Cd的抗性优势在T1代种子萌发实验中更加明显.以MTcDNA为探针进行Southernblot杂交,在T0代和T1代同时检测到两种转基因烟草外源基因的存在,证明外源基因确实整合到烟草基因组内并稳定传递到后代.Westemblot结果证明了外源基因在烟草第二代的表达.纯合株系仍需要进一步的筛选.     

菜豆重金属响应基因PvSR2在烟草中的表达及镉抗性分析

重金属特异诱导基因PvSR2(Phaseolus vulgaris stress-related)是从法国菜豆中克隆出来的, 为了研究该蛋白能否提高植物的抗重金属能力, 将PvSR2基因插入到植物转化中间载体pCAMBIA2301中CaMV 35S启动子的下游, 用根癌农杆菌介导的叶盘法将其导入烟草中, 在含有100 mg/L Kan的MS培养基上筛选, 获得了转基因植株. PCR和Southern杂交结果表明PvSR2已整合在烟草基因组中, GUS和Northern分析表明PvSR2在转基因烟草中获得表达. 重金属抗性实验表明: 与野生型烟草相比, PvSR2转基因烟草具有较高的抗重金属镉(Cd)的能力. 组织Cd含量分析显示: 在低浓度Cd (0.5~0.75 mmol/L)处理时, Cd在PvSR2转基因烟草与野生型烟草根中的累积量没有明显的差别, 而在高浓度Cd(0.1 mmol/L)胁迫下, 转基因烟草根中Cd的累积量低于野生型烟草, 说明PvSR2的表达能够提高植物的抗重金属能力, 同时表明PvSR2可能与重金属在植物中的运输和积累有一定关系.     

柽柳ThDUF106基因的植物表达载体构建及其功能验证

柽柳中的ThDUF106基因在盐碱胁迫处理下表达量显著上调,表明ThDUF106基因可能参与了柽柳的抗逆境胁迫。为探究柽柳ThDUF106基因的功能,我们对三月龄柽柳进行盐碱、干旱及重金属等非生物胁迫下的叶、根进行荧光定量PCR检测,分析ThDUF106基因的时空表达情况,并通过生物信息学分析ThDUF106基因所编码的蛋白质,同时我们将这个基因进行植物表达载体构建并进行烟草的遗传转化。研究结果表明：转基因烟草株系及野生型的一月龄苗在非生物胁迫处理下,进行生理生化指标比较分析,结果显示,转基因烟草与非转基因烟草在各胁迫下的抗氧化状态基本相同,表明这个基因在烟草中过表达并没有改善烟草的抗氧化性。     

转柽柳晚期胚胎富集蛋白基因烟草T1代的耐盐性评价

目的:验证转柽柳晚期胚胎富集(LEA)蛋白基因烟草T1代的耐盐性。方法:采用盐胁迫方式,对转柽柳LEA蛋白基因烟草T1代的6个株系及非转基因对照烟草T1代进行不同浓度NaCl胁迫处理,分析了NaCl胁迫下转基因烟草的生长量、根系的发育及盐害程度。结果:各转基因烟草T1代组培苗在150mmol/L的NaCl培养基上根系生长良好,平均增重(鲜重)是非转基因对照的7.72倍,平均高生长是非转基因对照的3.51倍,盐害指数低于或等于50%;而非转基因对照烟草T1代组培苗生长缓慢,根系几乎不能生长发育,盐害指数达65%。结论:柽柳LEA蛋白基因的导入提高了T1代烟草的耐盐性。     

植物镉忍耐的分子机理

Cd是植物非必需的微量元素,对植物有很强的毒性.Cd抑制植物细胞生长,抑制氧化磷酸化,引发氧化胁迫,影响光合作用,损伤核仁和影响质膜ATP酶的活力.一些耐Cd植物通过诱导形成螯合肽、金属硫蛋白、植物应激蛋白等抵御Cd毒,也有的耐Cd植物则通过细胞壁固定、液泡分隔、腺体分泌等途径来抵御Cd毒.植物螯合肽合成酶(PCS)相关的一些基因已得到克隆.金属硫蛋白(MT)的克隆基因导入植物,使植物对Cd毒的抗性增加;植物胁迫蛋白可提高植物对Cd毒的抗性,Zn转运蛋白可运转Cd.修饰基因则通过影响主要基因提高植物对Cd的忍耐能力.野生型植物耐Cd毒是多基因控制的,而植物短期的Cd忍耐,则仅受一个或少数基因控制.     

Transgenic Tobacco with αα Mutant Gene Has Higher Tolerance to Heavy Metals

Metallothionein (MT) has two domains, α and β domain. α domain preferred to bind Cd2+and Hg2+. Mouse metallothionein mutant αα has been constructed and expressed in E.coli, which has the same stability as the nature one but has stronger affinity to heavy metals. To testify the result in vivo, αα mutant gene was cloned into plant expression vector pE3 under the CaMV 35S promoter. A transgenic tobacco was obtained by using leaf discs of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. NC89) to Agrobacterium-mediated ααgene transfer. Southern blotting analysis indicated that the αα mutant gene was indeed integrated into the tobacco genome; Western blot indicated that the αα mutant gene was expressed in transgenic tobacco. It was also demonstrated that the transgenic tobacco with αα mutant gene have a little higher tolerance to heavy metals than that with natural MT gene. Moreover, the transgenic tobacco can accumulate more Cd2+ in its roots than natural, so that, it can decrease the concentration of Cd2+ in its leaves.     

High cadmium-binding ability of a novel Colocasia esculenta metallothionein increases cadmium tolerance in Escherichia coli and tobacco

Experimental evidence in vivo as to the functional roles and binding properties to cadmium (Cd) of type-2 plants metallothionein (MT) has been limited thus far. We investigated the biological role of metallothionein from Colocasia esculenta (CeMT2b) in Escherichia coli and tobacco, and developed a new model for the relationship between Cd tolerance and Cd-binding ability. Heterologous expression of CeMT2b in Escherichia coli greatly enhanced Cd tolerance and accumulated Cd content as compared to control cells. The molecular weight of CeMT2b increased with Cd, and CeMT2b bound up to 5.96±1 molar ratio (Cd/protein). Under Cd stress, transgenic tobacco plants displayed much better seedling growth and high Cd accumulation than the wild type. The presence of an extra CXC motif in CeMT2b contributed to the enhanced Cd-tolerance. The present study provides the first insight into the ability of type-2 plant MT to bind physiological Cd.     

Cadmium resistance in transgenic tobacco plants enhanced by expressing bean heavy metal-responsive gene PvSR2

Heavy metal pollution such as Cd, Hg, Pb, As and Se is an increasing environment problem worldwide. These metals and metalloids have toxic effect on both plants and animals, which are strongly poisonous to metal-sensitive enzymes, resulting in growth inhibition and death of the organism[1]. Contamination of soils with heavy metals, either by natural causes or due to pollution, often has pronounced effects on the vegetation, resulting in the appearance of metallophytes, and heavy-metal tolera…     

Cadmium resistance in transgenic tobacco plants enhanced by expressing bean heavy metal-responsive gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">PvSR2</Emphasis>

PvSR2 (Phaseolus vulgaris stress-related gene) has been cloned from French bean and shown to be expressed specifically upon heavy metal treatment. In order to investigate the role of PvSR2 in plant, PvSR2 gene under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was introduced into tobacco mediated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. The regenerated plantlets were selected on medium with 100 mg/L kanamycin. PCR and Southern blot analysis showed PvSR2 gene was integrated in tobacco genome. Gus and Northern blot analysis indicated PvSR2 gene was expressed in transgenic seedling. The heavy metal resistance assay showed that the transgenic tobacco seedlings with the PvSR2 coding sequence exhibited higher tolerance to Cd compared with wild-type (WT) under Cd exposure. The Cd content accumulated in root between transgenic and WT seedlings had no obvious difference at lower Cd external concentration (0.05-0.075 mmol/L CdCl2), whereas transgenic plant showed a lower root Cd content than the control at higher external Cd concentration (0.1 mmol/L CdCl2). These results suggested that the expression of PvSR2 can enhance the Cd tolerance, and PvSR2 may be involved in Cd transportation and accumulation at the test concentration of 0.1 mmol/L Cd.     

Metal co-ordination in rat liver metallothionein-2 prepared with or without reconstitution of the metal clusters, and comparison with rabbit liver metallothionein-2

Possible origins of the different metal co-ordination topologies in the recently determined structures of rat metallothionein-2 (MT2) in single crystals and rabbit MT2 in solution were investigated. A complete structure determination for rat MT2 in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) showed that the differences in the spatial structures cannot be attributed to the different primary structures of the two species. Comparison of [113Cd7]MT2 obtained by reconstitution of the apoprotein in vitro with preparations using a different procedure showed, moreover, that the metal co-ordination observed in solution by n.m.r. is not an artefact of the protein reconstitution. Solutions of high-pressure liquid chromatographically homogeneous biosynthetic preparations of [113Cd, Zn]MT2 were obtained from rat liver following injection of 113Cd into rats in vivo, without further metal exchange after protein isolation. They contain a mixture of several forms of MT2 with different relative metal compositions, giving rise to an increased number of 113Cd resonances. For the components of the four-metal cluster, the major one of these different forms exhibits patterns in the two-dimensional [1H, 113Cd]-correlated spectra that are indistinguishable from those of [113Cd7]MT2, thereby implying identity of cluster coordination and topology. These results are discussed with regard to continued investigations into the differences between the solution structure and crystal structure of MT2.     

Engineering a mouse metallothionein on the cell surface of Ralstonia eutropha CH34 for immobilization of heavy metals in soil

Here we describe targeting of the mouse metallothionein I (MT) protein to the cell surface of the heavy metal-tolerant Ralstonia eutropha (formerly Alcaligenes eutrophus) CH34 strain, which is adapted to thrive in soils highly polluted with metal ions. DNA sequences encoding MT were fused to the autotransporter beta-domain of the IgA protease of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which targeted the hybrid protein toward the bacterial outer membrane. The translocation, surface display, and functionality of the chimeric MTbeta protein was initially demonstrated in Escherichia coli before the transfer of its encoding gene (mtb) to R. eutropha. The resulting bacterial strain, named R. eutropha MTB, was found to have an enhanced ability for immobilizing Cd2+ ions from the external media. Furthermore, the inoculation of Cd2+-polluted soil with R. eutropha MTB decreased significantly the toxic effects of the heavy metal on the growth of tobacco plants (Nicotiana bentamiana).     

Effects of Chronic Cadmium Poisoning on Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca, and Metallothionein in Liver and Kidney of Rats

An experiment was conducted to invest effects of chronic cadmium poisoning on Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca, and metallothionein gene expression and protein synthesis in liver and kidney in rats. Forty rats, 6?weeks old, were randomly allocated into two groups. A group was given CdCl(2) (1?mg/KgCd(2+)) by intraperitoneal injection once a day. The other group was treated with normal saline in the same way. Liver and kidney were collected for analysis at the end of the third week. Results showed that Cd exposure increased Cd (P?相似文献   

镉中毒大鼠睾丸与肝脏金属硫蛋白表达的时相研究

啮齿目动物睾丸对镉毒性较肝脏更敏感.为阐明睾丸的镉毒性分子机制,比较了肝脏与睾丸金属硫蛋白（MT）表达的时相变化.mRNA采用RT-PCR技术分析并用光密度扫描定量;蛋白质定量用ELISA方法.结果显示,睾丸中存在MT,镉中毒后MT1与MT2 mRNA明显升高,但MT没有相应增加;肝脏镉中毒后MTmRNA与MT均明显升高.结果提示：镉虽然能诱导睾丸MTmRNA的转录,但没有促进其MT的合成,这可能是睾丸对镉毒性与致癌作用较肝脏更敏感的重要原因.     

Oral and subcutaneous administration of cadmium chloride and the distribution of metallothionein and cadmium along the villus-crypt axis in rat jejunum

The route of Cd uptake influences the distribution of Cd, other metals, and metallothionein (MT). Although intestinal MT levels related to the tissue mass did not show proximodistal gradients after sc administration of CdCl₂, orally administered high doses of CdCl₂ increased mucosal MT levels longitudinally from the duodenum to the ileum. The gradient abolished when the mucosal MT level was related to the intestinal length. To further elucidate this finding, three groups of rats were studied: a control group, a group receiving dietary CdCl₂, and a group receiving sc injections of CdCl₂. The small intestine was removed after a 14-d treatment. Midjejunal segments were mounted in a cryomicrotome and cut transversally into five layers along the villus-crypt axis. Mucosal enzymes were measured to control these sections. Cd was measured by AAS and MT by RIA. Alkaline phosphatase and lactase activities exhibited the typical villus-crypt gradient. Mucosal MT levels paralleled those of Cd. Although Cd and MT concentrations were high at the tip of the villi and low in the crypts after oral administration, sc treatment reversed that profile. A molar Cd-MT ratio of approx 10 or 1 was reached after po or sc treatment, respectively. This demonstrates that only oral Cd may lead to an accumulation of Cd in the mucosal tissue fairly exceeding the binding capacity of small intestinal MT. The results show that different routes of Cd intake lead to a different MT-induction pattern in the intestinal wall and that longitudinal Cd and MT concentration gradients in the small intestine observed after high oral doses are a result of their high levels at the villus tips.