假单胞菌S—42对偶氮染料的脱色和降解代谢

Pseudomonas S-42 was capable of decolorizing azo dyes such as Diamira Brilliant Orange RR(DBO-RR), Direct Brown M (DBM), Eriochrome Brown R(EBR) and so on. The cell suspension, cell-free extract and purified enzyme of Pseud. S-42 could decolorize azo dyes under similar conditions: the optimum pH and temperature laid 7.0 and 37 degrees C respectively. The efficiencies of decolorizing of DBO-RR, DBM, EBR by intact cells stood more than 90%. When the cell concentration was 15 mg(wet)/ml and the reaction time was 5 hours, the decolorizing activity for above three azo dyes by intact cells were 1.75, 2.4, 0.95 micrograms dye/mg cell, respectively. Cell-free extract and purified enzyme could well express the decolorizing activity only under the anaerobic condition and added NADH. Purified enzyme belongs to azoreductase, its molecular weight is about 34,000-2000 daltons, and its Vmax and Km for DBO-RR are 13 mumol.mg protein-1.min-1 and 54 mumol/L. The results of the detection of the biodegrading products of DBO-RR by spectrophotometric and NaNO2 reactional methods showed that the biodegradation of azo dyes was initiated by the reduction cleavage of azo bonds. It was hypothesized that biodegrading metabolism pathway of DBO-RR by Pseudomonas S-42.     

假单胞菌S-59对多种染料的脱色和降解

从受染料长期污染的污泥样品中分离到28株对多种染料具有脱色能力的细菌,其中一株假单胞菌S-59号菌对79种染料均有脱色作用。该菌对酸性红B 2GL (简称酸性红B)和活性桔K₂GV的脱色活力高达4.48—4.43mg(染料)·g^-1(细胞湿重)·h^-1。对阳离子红2GL和酸性红B在浓度为1×10^-1mol/L时其半脱色时间只有0.5小时。染料浓度在100 mg/L以上时会抑制菌的脱色率,而对菌生长的抑制作用则取决于不同     

白腐真菌对染料废水脱色及降解的研究

染料废水是最难处理的工业废水之一,近年来许多学者就白腐真菌对染料废水的脱色进行了广泛的研究,系统介绍了白腐真菌对染料脱色和降解作用的研究进展,脱色机理及其影响因素,旨在为以后真菌对染料废水的脱色及降解提供参考和依据。     

白腐菌对染料脱色和降解作用的研究进展

白腐菌应用于废水处理始于二十世纪八十年代,本文对印染废水的处理方法,白腐菌及其对污染物的降解机理作了简要概述,着重介绍了白腐菌对染料脱色和降解作用的研究进展。白腐菌对染料的脱色解降作用机理有部分尚待进一步研究;同时,白腐菌的吸附作用亦不容忽视。     

甲胺磷降解菌的筛选及降解特性研究

从长期受有机磷农药污染的土壤中分离到1株能降解甲胺磷的菌株B15,经生理生化鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)。在甲胺磷无机盐培养基(甲胺磷浓度为0.5%)生长时,最适生长温度为28℃,最适pH为7.0,摇床培养(28℃190 r/min)48 h降解率达到83%。菌株在甲胺磷浓度为1%的无机盐培养基上能生长,但是在甲胺磷浓度为0.5%的无机盐培养基上生长最好,降解率最高。外加碳氮源对菌株的降解率有所提高,但是超过某一浓度降解率随着浓度的增加反而下降。     

烯唑醇降解菌的分离筛选及降解特性研究

从生产烯唑醇的农药厂废水处理池的活性污泥中驯化、分离得到6株能以烯唑醇为唯一碳源士长的细菌,分别命名为1#、2#、3#、4#、5#、6#。实验结果表明,这六种菌都足好氧菌种,对烯唑醇降解率大于30％的有1#、3#、4#、6#,其中1#为优势菌种。该优势菌降解烯唑醇的最适温度为30～35℃,最适pH值为7．0,投加0．404mg／L的菌株母液量为10％,烯唑醇的最佳初始浓度为30mg／L。该菌在上述最适条件下,150r／min摇床培养6d,埘怖唑醇的降解率可达78．14％;优势菌1#单菌对烯唑醇的降解要比复合菌对其降解的效果好。     

一株新分离的云芝栓孔菌Z-1应用于木质素降解及染料脱色

木质素是一种非结晶性的复杂三维网状酚类高分子聚合物,被认为是木质纤维素生物质抗降解的天然屏障.探索并开发高效降解木质素的微生物资源已成为近些年来的研究焦点.本研究对新分离的一株具有潜在木质素降解能力的菌株Z-1开展了系列研究.首先通过形态学和系统发育分析将菌株Z-1鉴定为云芝栓孔菌Trametes versicolor...     

白腐菌对染料脱色和降解作用的研究进展

白腐菌应用于废水处理始于二十世纪八十年代。本文对印染废水的处理方法、白腐菌及其对污染物的降解机理作了简要概述 ,着重介绍了白腐菌对染料脱色和降解作用的研究进展。白腐菌对染料的脱色解降作用机理有部分尚待进一步研究 ;同时 ,白腐菌的吸附作用亦不容忽视。     

低温石油降解菌LHB16的筛选及降解特性研究

目的:筛选、鉴定低温石油降解菌并对其降解特性进行研究.方法:富集分离低温石油降解菌;采用形态学、生理生化实验和分子生物学方法进行菌种鉴定;紫外分光光度法和GC-MS检测石油降解特性.结果:自盘锦油田低温环境土样中分离到1株低温菌,命名为LHB16,该菌能以石油烃为惟一碳源和能源.经鉴定为嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia).该菌生长温度范围0℃～35℃,最适生长温度15℃.在接种量为2%(V/V),原油浓度为0.5%(W/V),振荡培养10 d时,降解率可达80.16%.石油中长链烷烃C15～C32被完全降解.传代培养数代,降解率为81.06%,降解性能稳定.结论:菌株LHB16在低温地区石油污染的生物治理中有良好的应用前景.     

贝壳状革耳菌染料脱色作用的研究

利用比色法研究了贝壳状革耳菌产漆酶体系在不同情况下对两种不同类型合成染料的降解脱色,结果表明,染料在较低浓度（10mg/L)时,漆酶对其降解迅速而彻底,pH值,培养方式（静态培养,摇瓶培养）对降解作用都有较大的影响;通过在不同时间（0d,6d,18d)向产酶体系中加入染料证实了漆酶活性与染料脱色率呈正相关。     

Microbial decolorization of reactive azo dyes under aerobic conditions

Summary Kodam et al. reported a 100% decolorization of the sulfonated azo dyes Reactive Red 2, Reactive Red 141, Reactive Orange 4, Reactive Orange 7 and Reactive Violet 5 by an unidentified bacterium, KMK 48. High effectiveness was attained within 36 h of incubation at room temperature and neutral pH. Optimum decolorization took place strictly under aerobic conditions, which is contrary to other well-documented reports. Thus, this microorganism seems to be potentially effective for bioremediation of textile-dyeing industry effluents.     

细菌利用不同碳、氮源共代谢降解脱色偶氮染料研究进展

本文主要综述了细菌利用碳、氮源等不同共代谢基质降解脱色偶氮染料的研究进展。综合文献结果表明,在单一碳源、单一氮源、复合碳氮源等不同共代谢基质条件下,细菌降解脱色偶氮染料的效能存在较大差异。其影响因素主要包括碳源种类、氮源种类、浓度、碳氮源复合比例等,其中碳、氮源种类影响最为显著。针对偶氮染料,只有提供合适的碳、氮源共代谢基质,才能对细菌降解脱色的效果起到明显的促进作用。同时,在不同碳、氮源共代谢基质条件下,细菌菌群群落结构及优势功能菌种差异较大,而不同碳、氮源共代谢基质作为偶氮染料还原脱色的电子供体,产生的脱色效能也有显著不同。最后,对利用碳、氮源共代谢降解脱色偶氮染料的研究方向进行了展望,认为复合合适的碳、氮源在提高细菌菌群降解脱色效率方面具有较大潜力,另一方面,细菌混合菌群利用碳、氮源共代谢降解脱色偶氮染料的微观分子生态学机制,酶学作用机制,功能菌种与功能蛋白之间相互作用机制等还有待深入研究。     

木质素生物降解与纸浆工业废水脱色

主要工业废水之一的纸浆工业废水中的木质素类有色物质的去除一直倍受关注。本文主要综述了木质素降解微生物、影响木质素降解的因素、木质素降解酶类及其基因工程研究和纸浆工业废水的固定化真菌法和酶法脱色。     

胶红酵母JB401降解脱色三苯甲烷类染料

从烟梗中分离筛选得到1株能够对三苯甲烷类染料高效脱色的微生物,经ITS-5.8S rDNA分析鉴定为胶红酵母,命名为Rhodotorula mucilaginosa JB401。全波长扫描实验结果证实染料的脱色由胶红酵母降解结晶紫引起。为了提高R.mucilaginosa JB401脱色结晶紫的能力,通过单因素试验对R.mucilaginosa JB401的培养条件进行了优化,得出菌体生长24 h后以2%接种量接入初始pH为5的脱色培养基并在37℃摇床培养,可以取得最优脱色效果,此时脱色50、100和200 mg/L的结晶紫达到90%去除率分别需要3、6和14 h。此外,胶红酵母对温度和pH良好的适应性使其具有应用于工业废水处理的潜力。     

Dye decolorization by sub-tropical basidiomycetous fungi and the effect of metals on decolorizing ability

White-rot basidiomycetous fungi from sub-tropical forests plus a Phanerochaete chrysosporium control were able to decolorize several azo, triphenylmethane and heterocyclic/polymeric dyes over 14 days. The effects of metal ions on decolorizing ability towards the dye Poly-R varied. Two sub-tropical strains were capable of decolorization in the presence of up to 0.25 mM Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺, whereas decolorization by P. chrysosporium was completely inhibited by all metals at concentrations as low as 0.1 mM. In all cases decolorizing ability was more sensitive than biomass production to metal inhibition.     

Microbial decolorization of azo dyes by Proteus mirabilis

A bacterium identified as Proteus mirabilis was isolated from acclimated sludge from a dyeing wastewater treatment plant. This strain rapidly decolorized a deep red azo dye solution (RED RBN). Features of the decolorizing process related to biodegradation and biosorption were also studied. Although P. mirabilis displayed good growth in shake culture, color removal was best in anoxic static cultures. For color removal, the optimal pH and temperature were 6.5–7.5 and 30–35°C, respectively. The organism exhibited a remarkable color removal capability, even at a high concentration of azo dye. More than 95% of azo dye was reduced within 20 h at a dye concentration of 1.0 g L⁻¹. Decolorization appears to proceed primarily by enzymatic reduction associated with a minor portion, 13–17%, of biosorption to inactivated microbial cells. Received 06 January 1999/ Accepted in revised form 22 April 1999     

耐碱的偶氮染料脱色菌筛选及其特性的研究

从浙江某污水处理厂的活性污泥中筛选出若干株在高pH条件下对偶氮染料酸性大红GR有脱色能力的菌株,经脱色验证得到一株具有高效脱色活性的菌株Z1,经鉴定为巴斯德葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus pasteuri),并对此菌株的脱色特性进行了初步研究。结果表明,在厌氧条件下,Z1在pH7~12,40h对50mg/L的酸性大红GR脱色率均可达90%以上。该菌株对染料有较强的耐受力,在酸性大红GR浓度为300mg/L时,48h的脱色率仍可达93%。此外,该菌株能够对多种偶氮染料脱色,具有较好的脱色广谱性,有望应用于处理工业废水中的偶氮染料。     

有机溶剂和抑制剂对毕赤酵母表达TpmD酶活性影响

摘要：【目的】本文在利用毕赤酵母成功分泌表达高活性三苯基甲烷类染料降解酶TpmD的基础上,研究不同有机溶剂和常见酶抑制剂对纯化后的重组脱色酶TpmD活性的影响。【方法】 将毕赤酵母分泌表达的重组酶TpmD经超滤浓缩及镍离子亲和层析柱纯化后得到纯化的重组TpmD酶。利用分光光度计法测定其对孔雀石绿脱色活性,并研究了各种有机溶剂和抑制剂对TpmD酶脱色活性的影响。通过脱色过程溶氧测定和全波长扫描分析反映了DTT与NADH作为TpmD辅因子时对孔雀石绿脱色反应的表观区别。【结果】甲醇对酶活性抑制作用较弱,重组酶在甲醇中能维持约90%的活性,乙醇和丙酮则使重组酶活性则迅速丧失。低浓度二甲基亚砜有利于重组酶活性的维持,30%的二甲基亚砜可抑制一半以上酶活性。L-半胱氨酸、叠氮化钠及低浓度的EDTA对重组酶活性影响较小,较高浓度的EDTA才显示较强抑制作用;表面活性剂SDS有强烈的抑制作用,极低的浓度也能完全抑制重组酶活性。抗氧化剂二硫苏糖醇（DTT）对重组脱色酶的作用十分独特,它可替代NADH辅助脱色反应并增加脱色速率,但在反应终点脱色总效率约为NADH作为辅酶时的92%。DTT辅助TpmD脱色孔雀石绿过程中的耗氧情况及脱色产物与NADH作为辅酶时明显不相同。【结论】发现不同有机溶剂和常见抑制剂对重组酶活性的影响存在较大差异,首次证实DTT能辅助TpmD脱色反应,这一脱色反应过程的作用机理与NADH为辅酶催化的反应原理完全不同。     

Induction of a white laccase from the deuteromycete Myrothecium verrucaria NF-05 and its potential in decolorization of dyes

Myrothecium verrucaria NF-05 is a deuteromycete fungus capable of producing a white laccase. The optimal concentration of Cu²⁺ for laccase production by this strain is 0.2 mM (43.23 ± 1.16 U mL^{? 1}). A comprehensive investigation of the induction demonstrated that NF-05 laccase production could be synergistically enhanced by various inducers, including aromatic phenols, amines and recalcitrant dyes, in the presence of 0.2 mM Cu²⁺. Sixteen phenols, fourteen amines and four dyes exhibited significant inductive effects on laccase production. The best inducer was 3, 3’-dimethylbenzidine, which increased laccase production to 258.1 ± 11.1 U mL^{? 1}. These results suggest that M. verrucaria NF-05 is a promising industrial laccase producer. Based on the increased production, purified NF-05 laccase was used to decolorize dyes of various structural types in the presence of six redox mediators. Among the 26 tested dyes, the decolorization rate of six azo dyes, chromotrope 2R, orange G6, Congo red, Ponceau S, amaranth and reactive yellow 135 and two arylmethane dyes, fast green 3 and neutral red, were significantly increased by each of the six mediators. These results demonstrate the potential use of the NF-05 laccase for the decolorization of recalcitrant dyes in dye bleaching and effluent detoxification.     

一种脂肽类生物表面活性剂产生菌的筛选

从油田地层水中筛选分离得到1株能够产生表面活性剂的细菌,经鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌。分析了该菌株的生理形态和生长特性,以及该菌株代谢产生的生物表面活性剂的性质。薄层色谱与原位水解显色和红外光谱分析表明,培养后菌株代谢产生的生物表面活性为脂肽。它能使水的表面张力降低到26mN/m,其临界胶束浓度为0.025mg/mL。