天花粉对钩端螺旋体生长的促进作用

为了提高钩端螺旋体(以下简称钩体)的检出率,我们从多种中药中筛选出对钩体有促进生长作用的天花粉。实验结果如下: 各型钩体在添加0.1％天花粉柯索夫培养基的生长情况:将添加0.1％天花粉的柯索夫培养基与常规使用的柯索夫培养基各1ml,接种1/1000稀释度钩体培养物0.1ml,混匀,置28℃温箱培养。从第3天到第7天,每天用3mm直径接种环挑取培养物一环,置载玻片上,用暗视野     

014 脂多糖抗原诊断钩端螺旋体病相关性葡萄膜炎

钩端螺旋体(简称钩体)病是一种广泛流行的动物源性疾病,尽管目前已有多种商业试剂盒用于诊断系统性钩体病,但试剂盒中起作用的具体抗原的性质仍不清楚。钩体病相关性葡萄膜炎是系统性钩体病的一种晚期并发症,该研究目的在于验证并评估钩体脂多糖(LPS)抗原作为钩体病相关性葡萄膜炎的临床辅助诊断的意义。     

钩端螺旋体抗原研究进展

<正> 现已知致病性钩端螺旋体(以下简称钩体)有大约19个血清群共180个血清型。如此众多的血清型很难从形态、生化及培养特性上区分开来,但它们具有不同的抗原性,这对钩体的分类,钩体病的血清学诊断及钩体疫苗的研制均有重要意义(1)。本文仅就近年来国外有关钩体抗原研究的部分文献作一复习。     

问号钩端螺旋体属特异性OmpL1s抗原膜定位及其自然抗体应答

为了确定问号钩端螺旋体(简称钩体)属特异性OmpL1s抗原膜定位及其自然抗体应答情况和抗体类型,为OmpL1s用于研制通用性钩体基因工程疫苗及检测试剂盒抗原提供依据。采用显微镜凝集试验(MAT)检测四川地区156份钩体病人血清标本。用PCR和核苷酸序列分析,了解中国流行的钩体主要血清群ompL1基因型。采用常规基因工程技术构建ompL1/1和ompL1/2主要基因型原核表达系统,Ni-NTA亲和层析法提纯目的重组表达产物rOmpL1/1和rOmpL1/2。采用胶体金免疫电镜技术,对OmpL1s进行膜定位。建立了基于rOmpL1s的ELISAs,检测钩体病人血清中特异性抗体水平及其类型。试验结果表明,黄疸出血群钩体仍然是四川地区最主要的优势钩体血清群。中国流行的钩体主要血清群ompL1基因可有ompL1/1和ompL1/2两个基因型,两者核苷酸和氨基酸序列相似性之间有较明显的差异。OmpL1s是位于钩体外膜表面的蛋白分子。不同稀释度的156例钩体病人血清标本中,rOmpL1/1和rOmpL1/2特异性IgM阳性率分别为67.9%～79.5%和75.0%～75.6%,特异性IgG阳性率分别为71.8%～79.5%和75.0%～76.9%。上述试验结果提示,OmpL1s是位于钩体表面属特异性蛋白抗原。自然感染钩体时,rOmpL1/1和rOmpL1/2均可诱导机体体液免疫应答并产生IgM和IgG两类血清抗体,且两者之间有广泛的抗原交叉反应。rOmpL1/1和rOmpL1/2可作为研制通用性钩体基因工程疫苗和检测试剂盒的候选抗原。     

临床标本钩端螺旋体L型的分离与形态学鉴定

应用钩体Ｌ型培养基成功地从钩体病神经系统后发症患者的血液和／或脑脊液标本中分离到钩体Ｌ型。将Ｌ型阳性培养物转种于钩体Ｌ型固体平板培养,发现基落形态呈丝状（Ｆ）型。对所分离到的Ｌ型进行形态学鉴定表明：Ｌ型呈球状体、螺旋状的丝状体等多形性改变,电镜下见Ｌ型推动部分或全部细胞壁,Ｌ型经免疫标记技术鉴定证实为钩体的Ｌ型。     

非高渗透压培养基培养细菌L型的研究

本文用青霉素在高渗透压的L型培养基上,诱导金黄色葡萄球菌和白喉杆菌形成L型后,直接种入无血清亦无渗透压保护剂的非高渗透压培养基中,传代培养和观察其形态、培养及代谢特性。结果表明,金黄色葡萄球菌L型和白喉杆菌L型在非高渗透压培养基中,传代培养后,不能在高渗透压的L型培养基上生长形成菌落。和丧失了对多种糖发酵的能力。     

青霉素对患者血内钩端螺旋体的消减

为了研究青霉素治疗中患者体内钩端螺旋体(简称钩体)的动态变化,我们于1974年7—9月检测了23例疑似钩体病患者,在青霉素治疗过程中进行钩体分离培养,获得8例阳性,现将分离情况报告如下。     

采用小白鼠分纯钩端螺旋体菌株

近年来,随着钩端螺旋体病的调查研究工作的广泛开展,在实验诊断方面,除进行大量血清学试验外,对钩端螺旋体菌株(以下简称钩体菌株)进行培养,作好菌群鉴定,对生物制品和制订防治措施提供参考。但往往由于在采集标本及实验操作过程中无菌操作不严格,而使分离出的钩体菌株发生污染。用常规方法     

间充质干细胞长期传代培养条件的研究

间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)是存在于成体组织间质部分的多能前体细胞,在体外具有自我更新增殖及向成脂、成骨、成软骨分化的潜能,在组织工程和细胞治疗方面具有广阔的应用前景。MSCs在体外长期培养获得足够数量的细胞是MSCs应用的一个重要因素。然而,目前还没有建立MSCs长期传代培养的最适培养体系。该文分别从培养体系中的基础培养基、血清和生长因子对于MSCs细胞长期传代培养的影响进行了论述,旨在为建立MSCs体外长期传代生长的最适培养体系提供理论依据。     

施氏鲟不同组织来源细胞离体培养的初步研究

采用组织块移植培养技术,对来源于施氏鲟(Amursturgeon,Acipenser schrencki Brandt)肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、鳍条和心脏组织的细胞进行了原代培养,2～3天左右可见组织块周围有成纤维样细胞迁出,10天左右组织块周围形成单层细胞。对原代培养的单层细胞用胰蛋白酶-EDTA消化后传代培养,建立了可连续传代的施氏鲟肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、心脏组织细胞系。初步确立施氏鲟细胞培养的条件,培养基为MEME,培养温度为25℃,血清浓度为20%。对传代培养细胞以二甲基亚砜为保护剂在液氮冷冻保存,细胞复苏后可连续传代培养。施氏鲟细胞离体培养为开展鲟鱼病毒病和遗传资源保存研究提供了重要试验材料。     

The nature of substrate-attached materials in human fibroblast cultures: localization of cell and fetal calf serum components.

Human fibroblasts have been used as an in vitro model to examine the morphology and origin of substrate-attached materials. In cultures of subconfluent cells, no ‘tracks’ or ‘pools’ of material could be detected on substrata by anodic oxide interferometry or electron microscopy. However, a continuous layer of densely staining material was present on Falcon plastic tissue culture dishes never exposed to cells or culture medium. Exposure of substrata to culture medium caused the adsorption of fetal calf serum (FCS) components onto the substratum within a few minutes. Although antigenic FCS components remained on the substrata for several days, they were seldom adsorbed to the cells. The hypothesis was formulated that adhesion was mediated by FCS components on the substrata, but not by cellular materials deposited extracellularly. Support for this hypothesis was obtained by studying serum-dependent differences in cell adhesion. Fibroblasts subcultured in the presence of FCS components were usually separated from the substratum by a distance of at least 30 Å. In the absence of FCS components, the cells were more closely adherent, in the range at which the near van der Walls forces were effective. Fibroblasts subcultured in the absence of serum components could be removed readily from the substratum, leaving lsfootprints’ of cell surface material behind. Although this material has been prepared similarly to ‘microexudates’ from other types of cultured cells, its relationship to those microexudates has not been determined.     

The nature of changes in the antigenic spectrum of the causative agent of melioidosis during animal passage

The comparative analysis of the antigenic spectra of Pseudomonas pseudomallei museum and subcultured strains, carried out by the method of immunoelectrophoresis, has revealed that, along with an essential increase in the virulence of P. pseudomallei for white mice and changes in the morphology of colonies, a decrease in the amount of detected precipitinogens occurs in the process of subculturing. The immunoelectrophoregrams of the subcultured variants show the absence of antigens 5, 6 and the simultaneous increase of the production of antigen 8, one of the components of mucoid (in the pseudocapsule).     

Immunochemical Characteristics and Localization on Cells of Protective Antigen (PAg) Prepared from Leptospira interrogans Serovar lai

Immuno-electron microscopic methods revealed that the protective antigen (PAg) of Leptospira interrogans serovar lai exists on the outer envelope sheathing the leptospiral cell body. PAg lost its protective activity after treatment by hydrolysis with 2 M formic acid at 100 C for 2 hr, or oxidation with periodate at 4 C for 40 hr. The antigenic oligosaccharide fraction was further purified from the hydrolyzed PAg by immunoaffinity column coupled with protective monoclonal antibody, LW2, and by gel filtration of HPLC. The antigenic oligosaccharide fraction contained two unknown sugars and 4-O-methylmannose (molar ratio 3:5:1). These findings suggested that these sugars are components of an antigenic determinant contributing to the protective immunity against serovar lai infection.     

Purification, characterization and serological properties of a glycolipid antigen reactive with a serovar-specific monoclonal antibody against Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola

A glycolipid antigen possessing a serovar-specific antigenic determinant of Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola was purified from a chloroform/methanol extract of the organism. The purification procedures included silicic acid column chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Antigenic activity was detected by a TLC-enzyme immunostaining technique using monoclonal antibody CT3, which specifically agglutinates serovar canicola and only weakly serovar sumneri but no other serovars of Leptospira. The purified glycolipid reacted with CT3 antibody, indicating that the glycolipid possessed a serovar-specific antigenic determinant. Infrared spectrum and proton nuclear magnetic resonance analyses showed that the glycolipid contained sugar and lipid moieties, which possessed amide linkages and an acetyl group. Gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the glycolipid contained two unknown sugars, one of which (unknown sugar II) appeared to be associated with the antigenic determinant specific for canicola. The serovar-specific antigenic determinant was destroyed by mild alkali treatment of the glycolipid. These findings suggested that the antigenic determinant was an alkali-labile moiety which may be related to the unknown sugar II.     

Composted grape marc as growing medium for hypostases (Hypostases phyllostagya)

The use of composted grape marc (CGM) as a plant growth medium was investigated with Hypostases (Hypostases phyllostagya). Seven media were prepared using CGM mixed, in different ratios, with native peat and perlite. The following mixtures were used: 100% CGM, 75% CGM + 25% peat, 50% CGM + 50% perlite, 25% CGM + 75% peat, 50% CGM + 25%) peat + 25% perlite, 25%, CGM + 50%, peat + 25% perlite and 100% peat. The experiment was arranged in a randomized plot design with four replicates under greenhouse conditions. After a growing period of three months, some horticultural parameters were measured. Besides, some physical and chemical properties of the growing medium were determined. The mixtures of 50% CGM + 50% peat, 25% CGM + 75% peat and 100% peat were found to be most suitable based on the horticultural parameters. This was confirmed through the physical characteristics. Up to 50% composted grape marc can be used in mixtures with peat on account of its low cost and high nutrient content.     

Isolation of Antigenically Active Components from Leptospiral Serovar-Specific Lipopoly-saccharide Antigen by Alkaline Treatment

The serovar-specific main antigen (TM antigen) of Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola, which has lipopolysaccharide properties, was treated with 0.1 n sodium hydroxide. This treatment degraded the antigen into two major antigenic components, one of high and one of low molecular weight. The component with the lower molecular weight (approximately 4,000 daltons) consisted mainly of carbohydrates, having lost almost all of the fatty acid and protein components of the original antigen. Although the substance lacked immunoprecipitable activity, it continued to show serovar-specific inhibitory potency in a radioimmunoassay system as well as in a microscopic immunoagglutination reaction of the organisms. The antigenic activity of the compound was also reduced by periodate oxidation as was that of the TM antigen. A component with the same chemical and physicochemical properties was also produced by alkaline treatment from a different serotype TM antigen (serovar kremastos Kyoto), but it showed no antigenic activity.     

Leptospiral selection, growth, and virulence in synthetic medium

Stalheim, O. H. V. (National Animal Disease Laboratory, Ames, Iowa). Leptospiral selection, growth, and virulence in synthetic medium. J. Bacteriol. 92:946-951. 1966.-The need for protein in leptospiral cultural medium may be circumvented by the use of strains which tolerate the lytic activity of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), a relatively nonlytic source of essential fatty acids. In an otherwise adequate medium, the primary function of a serum protein (bovine albumin fraction V) in the cultivation of Leptospira pomona was detoxification of fatty acids. Treatment to destroy or block end groups (amino, sulfhydryl, or hydroxyl) did not impair this function, but, after treatment with trypsin, albumin was inactive. Synthetic and derived peptides or polyvinylpyrrolidone did not substitute for albumin. L. pomona grew in medium with surface tension values of 44 to 58 dynes/cm(2); after growth, the values were increased slightly (5 to 8). The growth responses did not correlate with the surface tension of the medium, but they were in proportion to the concentration of Tween 80. Of six strains of L. pomona, five were transferred from medium containing rabbit serum and were subcultured in Tween synthetic medium (TSM) containing low, nonlytic concentrations (0.002%) of Tween 80. The poor antigenicity of L. pomona in carbon-limited TSM was associated with a deficiency of those carbonaceous cellular components which were extractable with 50% ethyl alcohol. After as few as four subcultures in TSM, L. pomona tolerated higher concentrations of Tween 80 (0.06% was optimal; MTSM). If grown on a shaker, the rate and amount of growth and the antigenicity of L. pomona in MTSM equaled that in medium supplemented with rabbit serum. After cultivation in MTSM, all of the five strains were avirulent when administered to hamsters, guinea pigs, and swine. They were still avirulent after three subcultures in complex media or after two serial passages in hamsters.     

Evolutionary Implication of Outer Membrane Lipoprotein-Encoding Genes ompL1,lipL32 and lipL41 of Pathogenic Leptospira Species

Leptospirosis is recognized as the most widespread zoonosis with a global distribution. In this study, the antigenic variation in Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira borgpetersenii isolated from human urine and field rat kidney was preliminarily confirmed by microscopic agglutination test using monoclonal antibodies, and was further subjected to amplification and identification of outer membrane lipoproteins with structural gene variation. Sequence similarity analysis revealed that these protein sequences...     

Variations in plasmid content during Escherichia coli cultivations detected by on-line flow injection processing

An integrated flow injection process for analysis of intracellular components of microbes has been used to monitor plasmid content in Escherichia coli cultivations inoculated with cells subcultured in the presence or absence of ampicillin. The system allows sampling, sample handling, cell disruption, separation of intracellular components, and analysis in a semi-on-line mode of operation. The time scale for the assay is in the range 15 min (plasmid peak) to 25 min (complete assay cycle). As expected, lower initial plasmid content was found using an inoculum subcultured in the absence of ampicillin. More importantly, significant decrease in plasmid content was detected in the later stages of the cultivations (grown in ampicillin containing medium) even when using inoculum subcultured in the presence of ampicillin. This illustrates the versatility of the system, which allows monitoring of plasmid content as the cultivation proceeds.     

Analysis of Leptospira isolates from mainland Portugal and the Azores islands

From 228 recent Leptospira isolates from mainland Portugal and Azorean wild mammals, 149 were characterized at the serovar level by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), a quick serological method in epidemiological studies. In order to compare this antigenic information with that from new genetic techniques, a sample of isolates was analyzed through pulsed-field agarose gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (n=71), mapped restriction site polymorphisms (MRSPs) in PCR-amplified rRNA genes (n=45, including 13 saprophytes) and arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) fingerprinting (n=32). MRSP and AP-PCR lead to species identification of the studied 32 pathogenic isolates: Leptospira interrogans (n=3), Leptospira kirschneri (n=8) and Leptospira borgpetersenii (n=21). MAbs and PFGE characterized pathogenic isolates at the serovar level and resulted mainly in agreement (64%) although many discrepancies (35%) were observed.