Biological, Immunological, and Genetic Analysis of Bacillus thuringiensis Isolated from Granary in Korea

To isolate a naturally occurring novel Bacillus thuringiensis strain, we investigated the distribution, toxicity, morphology, H serotype, and gene type of B. thuringiensis from residue samples of granary in Korea. A total of 163 B. thuringiensis isolates out of 411 samples producing spore and crystal were obtained. In toxicity tests, 80% of all isolates were toxic to lepidoptera, and 12% were not toxic to any of tested insects. And dipteran-active and lepidopteran/dipteran-active isolates were rare (2% and 6%, respectively). 152 B. thuringiensis isolates produced typical rhomboidal crystals, and the remainder produced parasporal inclusions with various morphologies. Serological test showed that B. thuringiensis isolates in granary represented 12 H serotypes, indicating varied distribution of B. thuringiensis. Of these, the serotype 3ab predominated, followed by the serotype 7 and 4ac. B. thuringiensis isolates of the serotype 3ab, 4ac, 5ab, 7, 8ab, 9, and 23 were toxic to lepidoptera, and the serotype 8bd, 12, 18, and 20ac were nontoxic, while 14 isolates were untypable by 33 B. thuringiensis H antisera. The frequency of toxicity against lepidoptera and diptera was primarily highly toxic. PCR analysis using cryI gene type-specific primers showed that cryIA(b) genes are frequently found and cryIE gene exists in only one isolate. Analysis of B. thuringiensis crystals and plasmid DNAs indicated a diversity of crystal and gene types. Received: 15 January 1998 / Accepted: 18 February 1998     

腹腔镜手术治疗妇科57 例卵巢囊肿的临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜下手术治疗妇科卵巢囊肿的临床应用价值和手术要点。方法:对2009年5月～2011年5月期间我院57例进行腹腔镜手术的卵巢囊肿患者(巧克力囊肿32例,单纯性浆液性囊腺瘤19例,良性畸胎瘤6例)的手术资料进行回顾性分析。结果:57例腹腔镜手术全部成功,无中转开腹手术,平均手术时间58min,平均术中出血48ml,术后平均住院2.4d,无病理性恶变。结论:腹腔镜手术治疗妇科卵巢囊肿具有术后恢复快、住院时间短,微创、并发感染率低及其他并发症少、安全有效等明显优势,是妇科手术治疗卵巢囊肿的首选术式。     

卵巢囊肿剥除术对卵巢囊肿患者术后卵巢储备功能的影响

目的:探究卵巢囊肿剥除术对卵巢囊肿患者术后卵巢储备功能的影响。方法:选取我院收治的卵巢囊肿患者42例,按照随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组。对照组20例,采用经腹卵巢囊肿剥除术;实验组22例,采用经腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术。对比两组术后6个月血清中的抗苗勒管激素(AMH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)及雌二醇(E2)水平,超声下卵巢体积(Vol),窦状卵泡数(Fo)水平等。结果:治疗后,实验组总有效率为(95.5%)高于对照组总有效率(75.0%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与治疗前相比,两组患者术后第6个月血清FSH、E2水平及Vol、Fo水平无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);与治疗前相比,两组患者血清AMH水平较低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,实验组术中出血量较低,手术时间较少,下床活动时间短(P0.05)。结论:卵巢囊肿剥除术对于卵巢储备功能的恢复具有积极作用,有利于保证育龄女性卵巢功能的完整,促进各基础性激素水平的恢复,尤其是采用腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术出血少损伤小,病变清除彻底,术后恢复好。     

Reproducibility of Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Measurements in Prepubertal Girls

Objective : Regulation of growth and development, clinical assessment, and obesity are among the areas of nutritionrelated research, wherein accurate assessment of body composition is important. We want to test the hypothesis that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements are reproducible in healthy girls. Research Methods and Procedures : We determined total body composition measurements in healthy prepubertal girls using DXA twice, 6 weeks apart. Results : We studied 61 healthy, normal-weight, prepubertal girls, aged 4.8 years to 10.3 years. The girls' DXA-derived mean weight between visits 1 and 2 significantly increased (27.14 kg vs. 27.80 kg, P<0.0001). The increased weight was due to significant increases in total body fat-free mass (FFM) (19.53 kg vs. 19.89 kg,P<O.001), total body bone mass (1.05 kg vs. 1.07 kg, P<0.0001), and total body fat mass (7.61 kg vs. 7.91 kg,P<0.03). The girls' DXA-derived mean total trunk mass between visits 1 and 2 significantly increased (11.23 kg vs. 11.63 kg, p<<0.0001), as did total leg mass (9.33 kg vs. 9.53 kg, p<<0.001), although no significant differences were observed in total arm mass (2.52 kg vs. 2.54 kg, p< = 0.37). The Pearson coefficient of correlation (r) and total coefficient of variation (CV) for intraindividual measurements by DXA were: weight—r = 0.99, CV= 1.97%; total body FFM—r = 0.96, CV = 2.30%; total body bone mass—r = 0.99, CV = 2.08%; total body fat mass—r = 0.96, CV = 6.55%; percentage total body fat— r = 0.91, CV = 5.69%; total trunk mass—r = 0.96, CV = 3.59%; total arm mass—r = 0.95, CV = 4.09%; and total leg mass—r = 0.99, CV = 2.75%. Discussion : Total body FFM, total body bone mass, total body fat mass, percentage of total body fat mass, as well as regional mass determinations by DXA, were highly reproducible in healthy, normal-weight, prepubertal girls. We highly recommend the use of DXA for total body composition studies in girls aged 5 years to 10 years.     

Effects of Dinner Composition on Postprandial Macronutrient Oxidation in Prepubertal Girls

Objective: To see whether a fat‐rich (50%) evening meal promoted fat oxidation and a different spontaneous food intake on the following day at breakfast than a meal with a lower fat content (20%) in 10 prepubertal obese girls. Research Methods and Procedures: The postabsorptive and postprandial (10.5 hours) energy expenditure after a low‐fat (LF) (20% fat, 68% carbohydrate, 12% protein) and an isocaloric (2.1 MJ) and isoproteic high‐fat (HF; 50% fat, 38% carbohydrate, 12% protein) meal were measured by in direct calorimetry. Results: Fat oxidation was not significantly different after the two meals [LF, 31 ± 9 vs. HF, 35 ± 9 g/10.5 hours, p = not significant (NS)]. The girls oxidized 1.8 ± 0.9 times more fat than that ingested (11.1 grams) with the LF meal vs. 0.3 ± 0.3 times more fat than that ingested (27.1 grams) with the HF meal (p < 0.001). Carbohydrate oxidation was significantly higher after an LF than an HF meal (39 ± 12 vs. 29 ± 9 g/10.5 hours, p < 0, 05). At breakfast, the girls spontaneously ingested a similar amount of energy (1.5 ± 0.7 vs. 1.5 ± 0.6 MJ, p = NS) and macronutrient proportions (fat, 23% vs. 26%, p = NS; protein, 9% vs. 10%; carbohydrate, 68% vs. 64%,) independently of their having eaten an HF or an LF dinner. Discussion: An HF dinner did not stimulate fat oxidation, and no compensatory effect in spontaneous food intake was observed during breakfast the following morning. Cumulated total fat oxidation after dinner was higher than total fat ingested at dinner, but a much larger negative fat balance was observed after the LF meal. Spontaneous energy and nutrient intakes at breakfast were similar after LF and HF isocaloric, isoproteic dinners. This study points out the lack of sensitivity of short‐term fat balance to subsequently readjust fat intake and emphasizes the importance of an LF meal to avoid transient positive fat imbalance.     

腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术中序贯式止血法对卵巢功能的影响研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术中序贯式止血法对卵巢功能的影响。方法:选取良性卵巢囊肿患者120例,随机分成对照组及观察组,每组60例,对照组术中采用传统的双极电凝止血法,观察组术中采用序贯式止血法。观察两组患者术前及术后3个月雌二醇(E2)、黄体生成素(LH)以及促卵泡激素(FSH)水平变化,采用kupperman改良评分法比较两组患者月经和妊娠情况,并且统计两组患者术前及术后3个月卵巢功能正常以及卵巢储备功能下降的发生率。结果:术后3个月对照组E2、LH及FSH水平较术前变化较大,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而观察组E2、LH及FSH水平较术前变化较小,仅FSH差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后3个月两组E2、LH及FSH水平差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组月经改变、围绝经期综合症的发生率与治疗后距妊娠时间均显著少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而妊娠率明显高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后3个月观察组患者卵巢功能正常率显著高于对照组,并且卵巢储备功能下降率显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术中采用序贯式止血法对患者的卵巢功能影响较小,有利于患者术后正常生理功能的恢复,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Evaluation of Metabolic Risk in Prepubertal Girls Versus Boys in Relation to Fitness and Physical Activity

BackgroundLow levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA) are associated with a risk of the development of metabolic syndrome. Contradictory findings are reported in the literature regarding the influence of sex and CRF and PA on metabolic changes.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyze the effects of CRF and PA on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism biomarkers in boys and girls.MethodsA total of 82 prepubertal boys and 55 girls (7–12 years of age) were classified according to sex, low or high CRF, and performance or nonperformance of PA. Anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) measurements, plasma lipid profile values, glucose and insulin levels, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance were analyzed.ResultsThe percentage of boys with high CRF and performance of PA was higher than that of girls (P < 0.05). When children of the same sex were compared, higher values for body mass index and waist circumference z-scores were found for boys with low CRF compared with boys with high CRF (P < 0.001) without differences between girls, and in all groups classified by PA. Systolic and diastolic BPs were higher in boys than in girls, in both CRF and PA groups (P < 0.05). In the low CRF and no PA groups, girls had higher plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than boys, with higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A levels (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSex in relation to CRF and PA could affect the plasma lipid profile. These changes in girls are associated with low CRF and low levels of PA. Considering these results, we suggest the need to improve CRF and promote PA, especially in girls, to reduce metabolic risk.     

急性弛缓性麻痹病例中ECHO11病毒的基因特征分析

该文首次分析了我国ECHO11病毒的分子流行病学资料。1999~2004年,ECHO11病毒是山东省急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例中分离到的优势毒株,2003年从山东省482例AFP病例中共分离到11株ECHO11病毒,其中相关的10例病例分布跨越山东省大部分地区,但发病日期集中在7月和12月。该研究试图通过对VP1编码基因全序列的测定和分析,为探讨ECHO11病毒与AFP之间的病因关系提供线索。分子流行病学研究提示,11株E-CHO11毒株都位于同一传播链,核苷酸同源性为97.2%~100%,氨基酸同源性为99.6%~100%,其中7月和12月的分离株之间相差8~9个核苷酸,氨基酸序列一致。这说明山东省2003年7月和12月分别发生了ECHO11病毒流行,但这些毒株与AFP的病因关系尚需进一步研究。11株病毒组成了A基因型中的一个新亚型,在进化树上单独呈密切相关的一簇,与同基因型内的其它亚型的核苷酸同源性为82.2%~84.7%,氨基酸同源性为94.8%~97.6%。     

Genetic Analysis of Parasitism in the Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera Glycines

A genetic analysis of parasitic ability in the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines was performed. To identify and characterize genes involved in parasitism, we developed three highly inbred H. glycines lines, OP20, OP25 and OP50, for use as parents for controlled crosses. Through these crosses, we have identified genes in the inbred parents that control reproduction of the nematode on hosts that carry resistance genes. These genes, designated as ror-* for reproduction on a resistant host, segregate in a normal Mendelian fashion as independent loci. Host range tests of F(1) generation progeny indicated that at least one parasitism gene in both the OP20 and OP50 lines for host PI 88788 was dominant. Parasitism genes in OP50 for hosts ``Peking' and PI 90763 are recessive. Two types of single female descent populations, a single backcrossed BC(1)F(2)-derived and a double backcrossed BC(2)F(1)-derived, were established on the susceptible soybean cultivar ``Lee 68.' Host range tests for parasitism in these lines demonstrated the presence of two independent genes in OP50, one for host PI 88788 designated ror-1 and one for host PI 90763 designated ror-2. OP20 carries two independent genes for parasitism on PI 88788, designated as alleles kr3 and kr4.     

彩超引导无水酒精介入治疗卵巢囊肿蒂扭转的临床疗效

目的:探讨彩超引导无水酒精介入治疗卵巢囊肿蒂扭转的临床疗效。方法:对35例卵巢囊肿蒂扭转患者在彩超引导下进行无水酒精介入治疗,术后3天、1个月、3个月、6个月复查彩超,随访治疗结果。结果:35例蒂扭转患者,33例经无水酒精介入治疗后取得了显著疗效,另外2例采用手术治疗,均未出现严重并发症;术后6个月,24例囊肿消失,9例囊肿大小≤术前1/3,总有效率为94.29%(33/35)。结论:彩超引导无水酒精介入治疗卵巢囊肿蒂扭转疗效确切且创伤小,是治疗卵巢囊肿蒂扭转的有效方法。     

腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术后缝合与电凝止血对卵巢功能的影响

目的:探究腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术后缝合与电凝止血对卵巢功能的影响。方法:选择2014年5月~2015年12月期间我院收治卵巢囊肿患者78例为研究对象,两组患者均行腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术,根据患者术中止血方式的不同将其分为观察组(41例)和对照组(37例);观察组术中采用双极电凝止血,对照组患者性术中采用缝合止血;观察并比较术后4周、12周两组患者促卵泡生长激素(FSH)、促黄体激素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)及窦状卵泡计数(Shape of sinus follicle count,AFC),对比两组术后12周卵巢功能恢复情况。结果:术后4周两组患者FSH、LH水平较术前升高,E2及AFC水平较术前降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);术后12周对照组FSH、LH、E2及AFC水平与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组患者FSH、LH水平较术前升高,E2及AFC水平较术前降低,且观察组患者FSH、LH水平高于对照组,E2及AFC水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);术后12周,观察组患者出现排卵异常、经量过少及经期延长的发生率均高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:缝合止血在腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术止血对患者卵巢功能的损伤作用小于电凝止血,术后卵巢功能恢复快,临床上应当优选缝合止血,降低对卵巢功能的影响。     

Genetic Studies of Sulfadiazine-resistant and Methionine-requiring Neisseria Isolated From Clinical Material

Deoxyribonucleate (DNA) preparations were extracted from Neisseria meningitidis (four isolates from spinal fluid and blood) and N. gonorrhoeae strains, all of which were resistant to sulfadiazine upon primary isolation. These DNA preparations, together with others from in vitro mutants of N. meningitidis and N. perflava, were examined in transformation tests by using as recipient a drug-susceptible strain of N. meningitidis (Ne 15 Sul-s Met⁺) which was able to grow in a methionine-free defined medium. The sulfadiazine resistance typical of each donor was introduced into the uniform constitution of this recipient. Production of p-aminobenzoic acid was not significantly altered thereby. Transformants elicited by DNA from the N. meningitidis clinical isolates were resistant to at least 200 μg of sulfadiazine/ml, and did not show a requirement for methionine (Sul-r Met⁺). DNA from six strains of N. gonorrhoeae, which were isolated during the period of therapeutic use of sulfonamides, conveyed lower degrees of resistance and, invariably, a concurrent methionine requirement (Sul-r/Met⁻). The requirement of these transformants, and that of in vitro mutants selected on sulfadiazine-agar, was satisfied by methionine, but not by vitamin B₁₂, homocysteine, cystathionine, homoserine, or cysteine. Sul-r Met⁺ and Sul-r/Met⁻ loci could coexist in the same genome, but were segregated during transformation. On the other hand, the dual Sul-r/Met⁻ properties were not separated by recombination, but were eliminated together. DNA from various Sul-r/Met⁻ clones tested against recipients having nonidentical Sul-r/Met⁻ mutant sites yielded Sul-s Met⁺ transformants. The met locus involved is genetically complex, and will be a valuable tool for studies of genetic fine structure of members of Neisseria, and of genetic homology between species.     

腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术中不同止血方法对卵巢良性囊肿患者卵巢功能、应激反应以及T细胞亚群的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术中不同止血方法对卵巢良性囊肿患者应激反应、卵巢功能以及T细胞亚群的影响.方法:选取我院于2017年1月～2019年1月间接收的80例卵巢良性囊肿患者,根据随机数字表法分为A组(n=40)和B组(n=40),A组患者术中采用双极电凝止血,B组患者术中采用缝合止血,比较两组患者卵巢功能[卵泡...     

Genetic Analysis of the Early Natural History of Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma

Background

The high mortality rate associated with epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) reflects diagnosis commonly at an advanced stage, but improved early detection is hindered by uncertainty as to the histologic origin and early natural history of this malignancy.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Here we report combined molecular genetic and morphologic analyses of normal human ovarian tissues and early stage cancers, from both BRCA mutation carriers and the general population, indicating that EOCs frequently arise from dysplastic precursor lesions within epithelial inclusion cysts. In pathologically normal ovaries, molecular evidence of oncogenic stress was observed specifically within epithelial inclusion cysts. To further explore potential very early events in ovarian tumorigenesis, ovarian tissues from women not known to be at high risk for ovarian cancer were subjected to laser catapult microdissection and gene expression profiling. These studies revealed a quasi-neoplastic expression signature in benign ovarian cystic inclusion epithelium compared to surface epithelium, specifically with respect to genes affecting signal transduction, cell cycle control, and mitotic spindle formation. Consistent with this gene expression profile, a significantly higher cell proliferation index (increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis) was observed in histopathologically normal ovarian cystic compared to surface epithelium. Furthermore, aneuploidy was frequently identified in normal ovarian cystic epithelium but not in surface epithelium.

Conclusions/Significance

Together, these data indicate that EOC frequently arises in ovarian cystic inclusions, is preceded by an identifiable dysplastic precursor lesion, and that increased cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and aneuploidy are likely to represent very early aberrations in ovarian tumorigenesis.     

Genetic Analysis of Esterase Polymorphism in the Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera glycines

The genetic basis of esterase polymorphism in Heterodera glycines was investigated through controlled matings and analysis of F₁ and F₂ progeny. Three nematode lines, each fixed for a different esterase phenotype, were isolated and purified through repeated directional selection and inbreeding. Each phenotype was characterized by its distinct pair of closely spaced bands of esterase activity. Single-female single-male crosses were conducted according to a modified agar-plate mating technique. F₁ progeny were homogeneous, exhibiting both parental esterase phenotypes (codominant heterozygotes) but no hybrid bands. Approximately 1,500 F₂ progeny segregated in a 1:2:1 ratio for expression of the esterase phenotypes of the female parental line, the heterozygote, and the male parental line. Apparently the three esterase phenotypes correspond to three codominant alleles of a single esterase locus. Reciprocal crosses gave similar results, suggesting no maternal inheritance.     

Analysis of Genetic Relationships and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Verotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated in Nagasaki Prefecture,Japan in 1996

A total of 19 Escherichia coli O157 isolates were obtained in Nagasaki Prefecture, in the southwestern part of Japan, between 1990 and 1996. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and computer-assisted analysis were applied to determine genetic relationships among these strains. Fragment patterns of the isolates in Nagasaki, as determined by PFGE, were compared with those of isolates in other areas where large outbreaks and sporadic cases of E. coli O157 infection occurred. Similarity values of all the strains isolated in Nagasaki Prefecture were over 0.65 except for E. coli O26. Some strains were identical to the strains isolated from the areas where large outbreaks occurred. All strains were susceptible to ampicillin, fosfomycin, minocycline, amikacin, ofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.     

Origin, Persistence and Biological Activity of Genetic Material in Prebiotic Habitats

Molecules which store genetic information (i.e. RNA and DNA) are central to all life on Earth. The formation of these complex molecules, and ultimately life, required specific conditions, including the synthesis and concentration of precursors (nucleotides), the joining of these monomers into larger molecules (polynucleotides), their protection in critical conditions (like those probably existing in primeval habitats), and the expression of the biological potential of the informational molecule (its capacity to multiply and evolve). Determining how these steps occurred and how the earliest genetic molecules originated on Earth is a problem that is far from being resolved. Recent observations on the polymerization of nucleotides on clay surfaces and on the resistance of clay-adsorbed nucleic acids to environmental degradation suggest that clay minerals could have acted as a resting place for the formation and preservation of prebiotic genetic molecules, whatever they were, and for the self-organization of the first auto-replicating systems. In the present work, the molecular characteristics and biological activity of different nucleic acids (DNA, RNAs) adsorbed/bound on clay minerals are discussed in the light of their possible role in ancestral environments.