血清α-syn、Aβ1-42、SSA在帕金森病患者中的表达及与认知功能损害的关系

摘要 目的：探讨血清α-突触核蛋白（α-synuclein,α-syn）、β淀粉样蛋白1-42（β-amyloid 1-42,Aβ_1-42）、淀粉样蛋白A（serum amyloid A,SSA）在帕金森病患者中的表达及与认知功能损害的关系。方法：收集本院2018年7月~2020年11月收治的136例帕金森病患者为病例组,依据Hoehn-Yahr（H-Y）分级分为早期组（n=76）与中晚期组（n=60）;依据蒙特利尔认知评估量表（Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale,MoCA）分为认知功能正常组（n=94）与认知功能损害组（n=42）。另选同期本院体检正常者105例纳入对照组。对比各组血清α-syn、SSA、Aβ_1-42水平及MoCA,并用Pearson相关系数分析病例组患者血清α-syn、SSA、Aβ_1-42水平与MoCA的相关性,用受试者工作特征曲线（receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC）分析血清α-syn、SSA、Aβ_1-42水平对帕金森病和认知功能损害的诊断价值。结果：病例组血清α-syn、SSA水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;病例组Aβ_1-42、MoCA评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。病例组晚期患者血清α-syn、SSA水平高于早期患者（P<0.05）;病例组晚期患者Aβ_1-42、MoCA评分低于早期患者,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。病例组有认知功能损害患者血清α-syn、SSA水平高于认知功能正常患者（P<0.05）;病例组有认知功能损害患者Aβ_1-42、MoCA评分低于认知功能正常患者（P<0.05）。病例组患者血清α-syn、SSA与MoCA均呈正相关（P<0.05）,Aβ1-42与MoCA呈正相关（P<0.05）。血清α-syn、SSA、Aβ_1-42水平对帕金森病诊断的曲线下面积分别为0.858、0.821、0.785;血清α-syn、SSA、Aβ_1-42水平对帕金森病认知功能损害预测的曲线下面积分别为0.877、0.825、0.783。结论：帕金森病患者血清α-syn、SSA、Aβ_1-42水平较健康者变化明显,且可能和帕金森病的诊断、病情进展和认知功能损害有一定关系。     

高频重复经颅磁刺激联合言语听觉反馈训练对脑卒中后认知功能障碍患者事件相关电位P300和血清NSE、S100β蛋白的影响

摘要 目的：探讨高频重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）联合言语听觉反馈训练对脑卒中后认知功能障碍（PSCI）患者认知功能的改善作用及对事件相关电位P300和血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、S100β蛋白的影响。方法：研究对象来源于徐州市中心医院2020年3月~2022年2月期间收治的130例PSCI患者。根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组（n=65）和实验组（n=65）,对照组患者接受常规治疗方案和言语听觉反馈训练,实验组在对照组的基础上联合高频rTMS。对比两组干预8周后认知功能、生活质量、事件相关电位P300和血清NSE、S100β蛋白的变化情况。结果：干预8周后,两组蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）、Rivermead行为记忆测验（RBMT）升高,且实验组高于对照组（P<0.05）;干预8周后,两组维多利亚版Stroop测试（VST）下降,且实验组低于对照组（P<0.05）。干预8周后,两组改良的Barthel指数（MBI）、日常生活能力量表（ADL）评分升高,且实验组高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预8周后,两组波幅升高,且实验组高于对照组（P<0.05）;干预8周后,两组潜伏期下降,且实验组低于对照组（P<0.05）。干预8周后,两组血清NSE、S100β蛋白水平下降,且实验组低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：高频rTMS联合言语听觉反馈训练可有效改善PSCI患者的认知功能,同时还可调节事件相关电位P300和血清NSE、S100β蛋白水平,提高患者的生活质量。     

重复经颅磁刺激对脑卒中后认知功能障碍患者神经功能指标和外周血NLRP3炎症小体的影响

摘要 目的：探讨重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）对脑卒中后认知功能障碍（PSCI）患者神经功能指标和外周血Nod样受体蛋白3（NLRP3）炎症小体的影响。方法：选择2020年4月~2022年5月期间广东三九脑科医院收治的PSCI患者98例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为对照组（常规药物治疗及康复训练,n=49）和实验组（对照组基础上接受rTMS,n=49）。对比两组量表评分、神经功能指标、外周血NLRP3炎症小体。结果：治疗4周后,实验组简易智能状态检查量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）、改良Barthel指数量表（MBI）评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。实验组胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、S100β低于对照组（P<0.05）。实验组外周血NLRP3mRNA、白细胞介素-18（IL-18）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：rTMS治疗PSCI,可有效减轻患者认知功能障碍,提高生活自理能力,调节患者的神经功能指标和外周血NLRP3炎症小体。     

羚羊角胶囊联合拉莫三嗪治疗小儿癫痫的临床研究

摘要 目的：观察羚羊角胶囊联合拉莫三嗪治疗小儿癫痫的治疗效果。方法：选取2018年1月~2021年1月期间来东营市人民医院就诊的小儿癫痫患儿100例,按照信封抽签法分为对照组（拉莫三嗪治疗）和研究组（羚羊角胶囊联合拉莫三嗪治疗）,各为50例,连续治疗12周。对比两组疗效,癫痫症状、自控能力、认知功能改善情况以及炎症因子和神经损伤指标变化,记录治疗不良反应。结果：与对照组76.00%的临床总有效率相比,研究组的94.00%明显更高（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后癫痫发作次数少于对照组,平均症状持续时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后操作智商（PIQ）、言语智商（VIQ）和全智商（FIQ）评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、信号素3A（SEM3A）、白介素-2（IL-2）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患儿不良反应发生率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：羚羊角胶囊联合拉莫三嗪治疗小儿癫痫,可提高患儿认知功能和自控能力,调节NSE、IL-2、S-100β、TNF-α水平,促进症状改善。     

互动式头针联合认知训练对脑卒中后认知功能障碍患者认知功能、事件相关电位P300和血清NSE、S100β蛋白的影响

摘要 目的：观察认知训练联合互动式头针对脑卒中后认知功能障碍患者事件相关电位P300、认知功能和血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、S100β蛋白的影响。方法：选取自2019年3月~2022年1月期间广州中医药大学第二附属医院收治的120例脑卒中后认知功能障碍患者。按抛掷硬币法将患者分为对照组（n=60,常规治疗）和研究组（n=60,常规治疗基础上接受互动式头针训练）。对比两组疗效、认知功能、事件相关电位P300和血清NSE、S100β蛋白的差异。结果：研究组的临床总有效率91.67%（55/60）高于对照组75%（45/60）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后简易智力状态检查量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后血清NSE、S100β蛋白水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后潜伏期短于对照组,波幅长于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：认知训练联合互动式头针可有效改善脑卒中后认知功能障碍患者的认知功能,且与调节事件相关电位P300和血清NSE、S100β蛋白水平有关。     

影响2型糖尿病患者血浆Aβ水平的多因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨影响2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的血浆β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）水平的相关因素。方法：选取西安市第九医院内分泌科、老年病科住院的T2DM患者415例。另选取年龄、性别、受教育程度、大血管疾病史（心脏病史）相匹配,无糖尿病,并符合排除标准的患者176例为对照组（NC组）。使用ELISA检测血浆Aβ₄₀、Aβ₄₂水平,采用Pearson相关分析评估血糖与血浆Aβ₄₀和Aβ42水平的相关性,多元线性回归分析法评估Aβ₄₀和Aβ₄₂水平影响因素。结果：与NC组比较,T2DM组的患者空腹血糖（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、甘油三酯（TG）水平显著升高（P<0.05）,高密度脂蛋白（HDL）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平显著降低（P＜0.05）;血浆Aβ₄₀水平明显升高（P=0.002）,但血浆Aβ₄₂水平明显降低（P<0.001）。与认知功能正常的T2DM患者相比,伴有认知功能异常的T2DM患者血浆Aβ₄₂水平显著降低（P=0.025）。T2DM患者FBG与血浆Aβ₄₂水平呈负相关（r =-0.099,P=0.016）;多元线性回归分析显示： HDL和TG水平是影响血浆Aβ₄₀含量的因素（P=0.002,P=0.027）,也影响血浆Aβ₄₂含量（P=0.004）。结论：T2DM患者血浆Aβ₄₀水平明显升高,而血浆Aβ₄₂水平明显降低,伴有认知功能异常的T2DM患者血浆Aβ₄₂水平明显降低。HDL和TG水平是影响血浆Aβ水平的因素。     

老年帕金森病患者血清Aβ1-42、EGF和Hcy水平与认知功能障碍及疾病严重程度的关系及其预测价值分析

摘要 目的：探讨老年帕金森病（PD）患者血清中β淀粉样蛋白1-42（Aβ1-42）、表皮生长因子（EGF）和同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）的表达水平,分析其与认知功能障碍及疾病严重程度的关系,并探讨其对老年PD患者认知功能障碍的预测价值。方法：将2018年10月~2021年10月在河北北方学院附属第一医院进行治疗的老年PD患者120例研究对象纳入PD组,另选取同期在河北北方学院附属第一医院进行健康体检的120例老年健康体检者为对照组。检测PD组、对照组血清Aβ1-42、EGF、Hcy水平,比较各血清指标水平的差异。Spearman相关性分析法分析血清中Aβ1-42、EGF、Hcy与简易智力状态检查量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评分的相关性。接收者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析血清Aβ1-42、EGF、Hcy水平对老年PD患者认知功能障碍的预测价值。结果：PD组患者血清Aβ1-42、EGF水平低于对照组,Hcy水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。随着PD分期的加重,老年PD患者的Aβ1-42、EGF水平随之降低,Hcy水平则随之升高（P<0.05）。PD伴认知功能障碍组的Aβ1-42、EGF水平和MMSE、MoCA评分低于PD认知功能正常组,Hcy则高于PD认知功能正常组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Spearman相关性分析显示,Aβ1-42、EGF水平与MMSE、MoCA评分均呈正相关性（P<0.05）,Hcy水平与MMSE、MoCA评分均呈负相关性（P<0.05）。血清Aβ1-42、EGF、Hcy单独应用时对老年PD患者认知功能障碍均有一定的预测效能,而血清Aβ1-42、EGF、Hcy联合应用的曲线下面积（AUC）（0.95CI）为0.841（0.738～0.932）,预测效能高于单一指标检测。结论：老年PD患者血清Aβ1-42、EGF水平呈低表达,Hcy水平呈高表达,血清Aβ1-42、EGF、Hcy水平参与了老年PD患者病情的发生、进展过程,且与患者认知功能关联密切。血清Aβ1-42、EGF、Hcy水平联合检测在预测老年PD患者的认知功能障碍方面具有一定的临床价值。     

自拟益气通阳活血方治疗阿尔茨海默病的临床研究

摘要 目的：分析自拟益气通阳活血方治疗阿尔茨海默病的临床效果。方法：选取2020年10月~2022年4月于中国人民解放军空军军医大学第一附属医院接受治疗的阿尔茨海默病患者104例，依据入院先后顺序编号，按单双号分为对照组（n=52）和研究组（n=52）。对照组进行常规西药治疗，研究组在此基础上进行自拟益气通阳活血方治疗。比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后中医证候积分、日常生活活动能力、认知功能、血清去甲肾上腺素（NE）、多巴胺（DA）、乙酰胆碱转移酶（ChAT）水平、β淀粉样蛋白前体（APP）、β淀粉样蛋白1-42（Aβ1-42）、丙二醛（MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平，并比较两组安全性。结果：治疗后，两组中医证候积分均降低，且研究组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；研究组总有效率为94.23%，明显高于对照组的78.85%（P<0.05）；治疗后，两组简易智能精神状态检查量表（MMSE）评分与蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评分研究组均高于对照组（P<0.05）；治疗后，两组barthel指数评分及日常生活能力量表（ADL）评分研究组均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；治疗后，两组DA、NE、ChAT水平均升高，且研究组明显高于对照组（P<0.05）；治疗后，两组SOD水平升高，APP、Aβ1-42、MDA水平均降低（P<0.05），且与对照组相比研究组各指标变化更显著（P<0.05）；两组治疗期间的不良反应均较轻微，经对症处理后均缓解，不良反应发生率比较无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论：自拟益气通阳活血方治疗阿尔茨海默病疗效显著，可降低中医证候积分，提高认知功能，调节NE、DA、ChAT水平，抑制APP、Aβ1-42水平，提高其日常生活活动能力，且安全性高。     

基于脑肠轴理论探讨健脾化痰方联合针刺对卒中后抑郁患者血清SP、NPY和炎症介质的影响

摘要 目的：基于脑肠轴理论探讨健脾化痰方联合针刺对卒中后抑郁（PSD）患者血清P物质（SP）和神经肽Y（NPY）和炎症介质的影响。方法：研究对象来自石家庄市中医院脑病科2019年3月~2022年4月期间收治的PSD患者，共计116例。按照随机数字表法，将患者分为对照组和实验组，各为58例。基于脑肠轴理论，对照组在接受西医常规治疗的基础上增加健脾化痰方治疗，实验组在对照组的基础上接受针刺治疗。观察两组的疗效、各项量表评分[汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS)、日常生活活动能力评分（ADL）]、SP、NPY、炎症介质[白介素-1β（IL-1β）、白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、高迁移率簇蛋白B1（HMGB1）]。结果：实验组的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。实验组治疗后HAMD 、NIHSS评分低于对照组，ADL评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。实验组治疗后SP低于对照组，NPY高于对照组（P<0.05）。实验组治疗后IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、HMGB1低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：基于脑肠轴理论健脾化痰方联合针刺治疗PSD，可以有效改善患者的临床症状，调节血清SP、NPY和炎症介质水平。     

七氟烷吸入维持全身麻醉联合右美托咪定对老年肱骨骨折患者苏醒质量、炎症介质和血清NSE、S-100?茁蛋白的影响

摘要 目的：探讨七氟烷吸入维持全身麻醉联合右美托咪定对老年肱骨骨折患者苏醒质量、炎症介质和血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、S-100β蛋白的影响。方法：选择上海市第一人民医院 2020年1月~2022年11月期间收治的老年肱骨骨折患者60例，根据随机数字表法分为对照组（吸入用七氟烷维持全身麻醉，n=30）和研究组（n=30，对照组基础上联合右美托咪定进行麻醉维持）。对比两组苏醒质量、镇痛情况、炎症介质、认知功能、血清NSE、S-100β蛋白水平和不良反应发生率。结果：与对照组相比，研究组的拔管时间、苏醒时间、复苏室停留时间更短（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，研究组术后6 h、12 h、24 h的疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）评分更低（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，研究组术后1 d肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、C反应蛋白（CRP）更低（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，研究组术后1 d简易认知功能障碍量表（MMSE）评分更高，NSE、S-100β蛋白更低（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：七氟烷吸入维持全身麻醉联合右美托咪定治疗老年肱骨骨折患者，具有较好的镇痛效果，可减轻机体炎症刺激，减轻认知功能损伤，降低NSE、S-100β蛋白水平，提高苏醒质量。     

Anthropology and genetics of the caucasus peoples and the problem of the origin of the caucasoids

The electrophoretical polymorphisms of some blood proteins were studied in the Talysh population of Pirasora situated in South-East Azerbaidjan. We calculated the gene frequencies of these polymorphisms and determined the genetic distances between the Talyshes and some Iranian populations of North, Central and South Iran, Afghans, and three populations of Azerbaijan. The Talyshes are very close to Iranians of Shiraz, whereas they are distant from the Azerbaijanians. Anthropological investigations showed that the Caucasoids and Mongoloids lived in the Aragvi Basin since the Eneolithic period. This was stated by Alexeev (1974), who emphasized the mixture of the Caucasus populations from ancient times on. We calculated the genetic distances between the Caucasus populations and numerous populations of other geographic regions, considering 28 alleles of 12 loci of blood group, serum protein and red cell enzyme polymorphisms and constructed the dendrogram of these populations. The position of the Caucasus populations in the dendrogram corresponds on principle to the earlier anthropological observations. The clustering of the Caucasoid populations corresponds completely with anthropological and historical data, and supports our earlier hypothesis (Nazarova 1999) concerning the differentiation of Caucasoids, Northern Mongoloids and Amerinds from the populations, which inhabitated Asia in palaeolithic times.     

Serology and systematics of the Ebenales and the Theales

The systematic position ofthe Ebenaceae, Sapotaceae, Styracaceae, Ochnaceae, Stachyuraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae has been investigated using serological comparisons of sets of antigenic determinants. The results show that the Sytracaceae and Sapotaceae are undoubtedly more closely associated with the Actinidiaeceae and Theaceae, respectively, than with each other. We found no corresponding determinants betnween antigen systems from the Ebenaceae and systems from any other family whose relations to this family have been proposed. As discovered previously, investigations of antigen systems from the Ochnaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Stachyuraceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae are against the idea of a natural order “Theales” in which these families, or at least some of them, are combined with the Theaceae and Actinidiaceae. This paper completes our previous investigations which largely support a superorder Ericanae sensu Ehrendorfer and Takhtajan. We propose to include the Actinidiaceae and Theaceae in this superorder, assigning them a central position laong with the Sapotaceae and Sytracaeae on one side and the Primulales and Ericales on the other. Another most interesting finding is that there are corresponding determinants between antigen systems from the members of the Ericanae and representatives of the Polemoniaceae and Loasaceae.     

人类基因组及后基因组研究进展及其应用与开发研究现状

人类对自身基因组的研究,随着人类基因组工作草图的绘制完成和对基因功能研究的深入已加快进入了实质性、关键性的开发利用阶段。本文概述了人类基因组及后基因组的研究进展及依此开展基因治疗及基因（组）药物研制等应用开发研究的现状。     

On the structure and dynamics of the complex of the nucleosome and the linker histone

Several different models of the linker histone (LH)–nucleosome complex have been proposed, but none of them has unambiguously revealed the position and binding sites of the LH on the nucleosome. Using Brownian dynamics-based docking together with normal mode analysis of the nucleosome to account for the flexibility of two flanking 10 bp long linker DNAs (L-DNA), we identified binding modes of the H5-LH globular domain (GH5) to the nucleosome. For a wide range of nucleosomal conformations with the L-DNA ends less than 65 Å apart, one dominant binding mode was identified for GH5 and found to be consistent with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. GH5 binds asymmetrically with respect to the nucleosomal dyad axis, fitting between the nucleosomal DNA and one of the L-DNAs. For greater distances between L-DNA ends, docking of GH5 to the L-DNA that is more restrained and less open becomes favored. These results suggest a selection mechanism by which GH5 preferentially binds one of the L-DNAs and thereby affects DNA dynamics and accessibility and contributes to formation of a particular chromatin fiber structure. The two binding modes identified would, respectively, favor a tight zigzag chromatin structure or a loose solenoid chromatin fiber.     

Kinematics and dynamics of the temporomandibular joint and of the movements of the mandible

In order to analyze the complicated movements of the mandible as the open-closing movement and the protrusio are, it is useful to evaluate the basic kinematic principles and reduce them to simple technical constructions. Both the open-closing movement and the protrusio could be reduced to 4-bar links, which were used to simulate the movements with help of a computer. Besides, the polodes and the curves of points in the muscular attachments could be constructed. The 2 entirely different 4-bar links have 3 things in common: The resting system - cranium, the moving system - mandibula, and 1 of the 2 arms connecting these 2 systems - the ligamentum laterale. As this ligament is taut during movements it can be considered a "guiding ligament" representing 1 of the 3 determining components of the mandibular movements. The other of the 2 arms has no anatomical equivalent; this arm, however, is "replaced" by the 2 other determining components of the mandibular movements: the joint and the muscles. The curves, which the Caput mandibulae describes, are practically identical for the open-closing movement and the protrusio despite of the different 4-bar links and these curves exactly correspond to the Discus articularis, taut by the upper part of the M. pterygoideus lateralis. The muscles do not only just move the mandibula, but they are also the component, which can choose between the different mandibular movements. By means of the curves, which points in the muscular attachments describe, the function of the masticatory muscles could be analyzed exactly.     

Biophysics and Structure of the Patch and the Gigaseal

Interpreting channel behavior in patches requires an understanding of patch structure and dynamics, especially in studies of mechanosensitive channels. High resolution optical studies show that patch formation occurs via blebbing that disrupts normal membrane structure and redistributes in situ components including ion channels. There is a 1-2 μm region of the seal below the patch where proteins are excluded and this may consist of extracted lipids that form the gigaseal. Patch domes often have complex geometries with inhomogeneous stresses due to the membrane-glass adhesion energy (E_a), cytoskeletal forces, and possible lipid subdomains. The resting tension in the patch dome ranges from 1-4 mN/m, a significant fraction of the lytic tension of a bilayer (∼10 mN/m). Thus, all patch experiments are conducted under substantial, and uneven, resting tension that may alter the kinetics of many channels. E_a seems dominated by van der Waals attraction overlaid with a normally repulsive Coulombic force. High ionic strength pipette saline increased E_a and, surprisingly, increased cytoskeletal rigidity in cell-attached patches. Low pH pipette saline also increased E_a and reduced the seal selectivity for cations, presumably by neutralizing the membrane surface charge. The seal is a negatively charged, cation selective, space with a resistance of ∼7 gigohm/μm in 100 mM KCl, and the high resistivity of the space may result from the presence of high viscosity glycoproteins. Patches creep up the pipette over time with voltage independent and voltage dependent components. Voltage-independent creep is expected from the capillary attraction of E_a and the flow of fresh lipids from the cell. Voltage-dependent creep seems to arise from electroosmosis in the seal. Neutralization of negative charges on the seal membrane with low pH decreased the creep rate and reversed the direction of creep at positive pipette potentials.     

The efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in the caesarean section and the effect on the vital signs and the hemodynamics of the lying-in women

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in caesarean section and vital signs and the hemodynamics of the lying-in women.MethodsA total of 480 lying-in women who were admitted to this hospital for treatment between December 2017 and June 2018 were enrolled into this study as the subjects, which were divided into the experiment group and the control group, with 240 subjects in each group. In the experiment group, subjects received the local anesthesia by infusion of 1.5 mL ropivacaine (0.75%), while those in the control group also took the local anesthesia by infusion of 1.5 mL bupivacaine (0.75%). Thereafter, we observed the differences in the anesthetic efficiency, vital signs and hemodynamics of the lying-in women between two groups.ResultsThe excellent and good rates of the anesthesia in two groups were 92.1% and 87.9%, showing no obvious difference; in the experiment group, the average arterial pressures and systolic pressures at 5 min and 10 min after combined spinal and epidural analgesia (CSEA) were all elevated when comparing to the control group (all P < 0.05); in the experiment group, the onset time was obviously extended, while duration of sensory and motor block and the duration of motor block were all shorter than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). During anesthesia, the incidence rate of the adverse reactions in the control group was 2.50%, significantly higher than 0.83% in the experiment group (P < 0.05).ConclusionDespite that ropivacaine and bupivacaine are efficient in anesthesia in the CSEA in the caesarean section, ropivacaine is more recommended for little influence on the hemodynamics, shorter duration of sensory block and motor block and low incidence rate of adverse reactions, which are conducive to the recovery and also safe to the patients.