直接前方入路与直接外侧入路人工全髋关节置换术的临床效果比较研究

目的:探讨平卧位直接前方入路(DAA)与侧卧位直接外侧入路(DLA)对行初次全髋关节置换术(THA)患者髋关节功能、平衡功能和步态参数的影响。方法:选取2018年2月～2019年10月期间我院收治的初次THA患者97例,根据入路方式的不同随机分为A组(n=47)和B组(n=50),A组行侧卧位DLA,B组行平卧位DAA,比较两组髋关节功能、影像学参数、平衡功能和步态参数,记录两组术后并发症发生率。结果:术后1周、1个月、3个月及6个月两组髋关节Harris评分(HHS)、Berg平衡量表评分(BBS)依次升高,且B组高于A组(P0.05)。B组手术时间长于A组,术中出血量少于A组,切口长度、初次下床行走时间短于A组(P0.05)。术后3个月、6个月两组步频、步速、步长依次升高,且B组高于A组(P0.05)。两组并发症发生率对比,组间比较未见统计学差异(P0.05)。两组术后6个月髋臼假体外展角、前倾角对比,组间比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:与侧卧位DLA相比,初次THA患者行平卧位DAA可获得与其相当的手术效果,同时能更好地改善患者髋关节功能、平衡功能和步态,且安全性有保障。     

前外侧肌间隙入路式微创全髋关节置换术对患者髋关节功能及炎性细胞因子水平的影响

目的:探讨前外侧肌间隙入路式微创全髋关节置换术对患者髋关节功能及炎性细胞因子水平的影响。方法:选取2015年1月至2017年1月间在我院行全髋关节置换术的98例患者作为此次研究的研究对象。采用随机数字表法对患者进行分组,其中49例患者作为对照组,行传统全髋关节置换术治疗;49例患者作为观察组,行前外侧肌间隙入路式微创全髋关节置换术治疗。观察并比较两组患者围术期指标,包括切口长度、手术时间、术中失血量、术后1 d引流量。检测并比较两组患者手术前及术后24 h检测血清炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6水平。术前及术后3个月和6个月均采用Harris评分评价所有患者髋关节功能。记录并比较两组患者治疗及随访过程中的不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组术中失血量及术后1 d引流量均明显低于对照组,切口长度明显短于对照组,但手术时间明显长于对照组(P0.05)。术后24 h,观察组血清TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6水平明显降低,且明显低于对照组(P0.05)。术后3个月、6个月,两组患者的Harris评分逐渐升高(P0.05),且与同时期的对照组患者比较,观察组患者的Harris评分明显较高(P0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为8.16%,明显低于对照组的28.57%(P0.05)。结论:前外侧肌间隙入路式微创全髋关节置换术能明显改善患者的围术期指标、降低手术早期的炎性反应,同时能明显促进患者髋关节功能恢复,且安全性良好,值得临床推广。     

DAA入路与OCM入路对青年初次髋关节置换术后早期功能的影响

目的:探究微创直接前侧入路(Direct anterolateral approach, DAA)与髋关节前外侧入路(Orthopaedische Chirurgie Muenchen,OCM)对青年初次髋关节置换术后早期功能的影响。方法:选择2013年1月至2018年1月于我院接受初次髋关节置换术的67例青年患者,按照其接受术式的不同将其分为DAA组(35例)与OCM组(32例),对比两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床活动时间、平均住院时间、术后并发症的发生率,并使用视觉模拟评分(Visual analogue scale, VAS)评估术后1 d、3 d及7 d疼痛度,最后对比两组术后7 d、1个月及6个月的髋关节Harris评分。结果:(1)OCM组手术时间显著短于DAA组(P0.05),两组术中出血量、术后引流量、下床活动时间、平均住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)OCM组术后并发症的发生率明显低于DAA组(P0.05);(3)两组术后1 d、3 d及7 d疼痛度对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(4)术后7 d及1个月,OCM组Harris评分优于DAA组(P0.05),两组术后6个月对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:相比于DAA术,OCM术施术时间更短,患者早期髋关节功能恢复较快,但对比两种术式对髋关节远期影响相当。     

直接前方入路与后外侧入路全髋关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效比较及术后髋关节功能的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：比较直接前方入路与后外侧入路全髋关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效及术后髋关节功能的影响因素分析。方法：选取2019年5月至2021年12月徐州医科大学附属医院收治并行全髋关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折患者96例,按照手术方法的不同分为直接前方入路组（n=48）和后外侧入路组（n=48）。观察两组围术期指标、并发症发生情况,比较两组治疗前后Harris评分、视觉模拟评分法（VAS）。并应用单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析患者术后髋关节功能的影响因素。结果：直接前方入路组下床时间、切口长度、住院时间显著短于后外侧入路组,术中失血量、术后引流量显著低于后外侧入路组,而手术时间显著长于后外侧入路组（P<0.05）。直接前方入路组术后1、3个月Harris评分显著高于后外侧入路组,VAS评分显著低于后外侧入路组（P<0.05）。两组术后并发症发生率比较,无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。两组治疗6个月后髋关节功能优良率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：体质量指数≥24 kg/m²、术后锻炼时间<3 h/d、合并骨质疏松是接受全髋关节置换治疗的股骨颈骨折患者术后髋关节功能不良的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：直接前方入路全髋关节置换术较后外侧入路全髋关节置换术短期内优势明显,表现为对患者的创伤更小,术后疼痛程度较轻,有利于患者的髋关节功能恢复。体质量指数≥24 kg/m²、术后锻炼时间<3 h/d、合并骨质疏松是接受全髋关节置换治疗的股骨颈骨折患者术后髋关节功能不良的危险因素。     

不同入路人工全髋关节置换术对髋关节疾病患者康复进程、髋关节功能和生活质量的影响

目的:探讨不同入路人工全髋关节置换术(THA)对髋关节疾病患者康复进程、髋关节功能和生活质量的影响。方法:回顾性分析2016年4月～2018年11月期间到我院行THA治疗的髋关节疾病105例患者的临床资料。根据入路方式的不同将其分为A组(n=54,后外侧入路)和B组(n=51,SuperPATH入路),术后行1年的随访,比较两组患者康复进程、髋关节功能和生活质量,记录两组术后并发症发生情况。结果:B组术中失血量、术后引流量少于A组,切口长度、术后第一次下地时间短于A组(均P0.05);B组手术时间长于A组(P0.05)。两组术后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月髋关节屈曲活动度、髋关节功能Harris评分、髋关节外展活动度均较术前呈先升高后趋于平稳趋势(P0.05);B组术后1个月髋关节屈曲活动度及外展活动度、髋关节功能Harris评分高于A组(P0.05);B组术后3个月、6个月、12个月髋关节屈曲活动度及外展活动度、髋关节功能Harris评分与A组比较无差异(P0.05)。两组末次随访时SF-36各维度评分均较术前升高,且B组高于A组(P0.05)。两组术后并发症发生率比较无差异(P0.05)。结论:与后外侧入路方式相比,髋关节疾病患者THA中采用SuperPATH入路,可促进患者早日康复,有利于患者早期髋关节功能的恢复,对生活质量的改善更为显著,且不增加并发症发生率。     

超声引导内侧与外侧入路持续髂筋膜间隙阻滞在全髋关节置换术中应用效果的对比研究

摘要 目的：对比持续髂筋膜间隙阻滞（FICB）采用超声引导内侧或外侧入路在全髋关节置换术（THA）中应用效果。方法：选择2019年6月～2021年6月期间在我院接受治疗的THA患者97例作为研究对象。根据随机数字表法将患者分为外侧组和内侧组,例数分别为48例和49例。对比两组围术期指标,术后阻滞相关指标、疼痛介质、应激反应指标和不良反应。结果：两组术中出血量、舒芬太尼使用量、术后拔管/手术/住院/第一次下床活动、复苏室停留等状态时间组间对比无差异（P>0.05）,内侧组术后48h 视觉疼痛模拟（VAS）评分小于外侧组（P<0.05）。两组穿刺注药时间对比无明显差异（P>0.05）,内侧组置管时间短于外侧组,导管重新固定例数少于外侧组,置管深度长于外侧组（P<0.05）。两组术后24h的 P物质（SP）、前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）、神经肽Y（NPY）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）均升高,但内侧组低于外侧组（P<0.05）。两组术后24h皮质醇（Cor）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）均升高,但内侧组低于外侧组（P<0.05）。外侧组、内侧组的不良反应发生率组间比较无差异（P>0.05）。结论：经超声引导内侧与外侧入路FICB均可为THA患者提供良好的镇痛阻滞,促进患者术后恢复,内侧入路在减轻疼痛刺激、应激反应、置管操作等方面更具优势。     

前外侧入路治疗髋关节置换术患者的疗效及对血清CRP, IL-6,D-二聚体水平的影响分析

目的:探讨前外侧入路治疗髋关节置换术患者的疗效及对血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、D-二聚体水平的影响。方法:选择2013年2月~2015年1月经由我院诊治的102名人工髋关节置换术患者,均征求患者的意愿分为观察组和对照组。对照组54例通过常规的入路方式进行髋关节置换术,观察组48例采用前外侧入路方式进行髋关节置换术。手术前后比较两组患者的血清CRP、IL-6和D-二聚体水平,并通过随访比较两组患者的疗效。结果:治疗后,观察组患者的总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05),两组患者的血清CRP、IL-6及D-二聚体在手术后12 h时升高,在7 d和14 d时,逐渐下降。观察组患者血清CRP、IL-6及D-二聚体水平在术后12 h、7 d和14 d均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:前外侧入路对髋关节置换术患者的临床疗效较常规入路方式更显著,且可有效降低血清CRP、IL-6和D-二聚体水平,更加有利于患者的术后恢复。     

掌侧入路、背侧入路微创加压螺钉固定术治疗腕舟骨骨折的疗效比较及对血清创伤应激指标和疼痛介质的影响

摘要 目的：比较掌侧入路、背侧入路微创加压螺钉固定术治疗腕舟骨骨折的疗效,以及分别对血清创伤应激指标和疼痛介质的影响。方法：本研究为回顾性研究,临床资料来源于2018年1月~2021年1月来我院接受治疗的88例腕舟骨骨折患者,根据入路方式的不同分为A组（背侧入路,43例）和B组（掌侧入路,45例）。观察两组患者腕功能优良率、围术期相关指标、视觉疼痛模拟评分（VAS）、腕关节活动度、血清创伤应激指标、疼痛介质情况。结果：两组优良率组间对比未见明显差异（P>0.05）。B组术中出血量少于A组,骨性愈合时间短于A组（P<0.05）,两组手术时间对比无差异（P>0.05）。B组术后6个月VAS评分低于A组（P<0.05）。两组术后1年腕关节掌屈、背伸、桡偏、尺偏活动度均增大（P<0.05）。两组术后3 d皮质醇（Cor）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）均升高,但B组低于A组（P<0.05）。两组术后3 d、前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）、P 物质（SP）、β-内啡肽（β-EP）均下降,且B组低于A组（P<0.05）。结论：掌侧入路、背侧入路微创加压螺钉固定术治疗腕舟骨骨折,疗效相当,其中掌侧入路可减少术中出血量,促进骨折愈合,同时还可减轻术后疼痛、术后创伤,综合疗效相对更好。     

全髋置换术中后外侧微创小切口的应用分析

目的探讨后外侧微创小切口全髋置换术在临床的应用价值。方法将我科收治的64例全髋关节置换患者随机分为两组。治疗组32例,采用后外侧微创小切口全髋置换术;对照组32例,采用常规全髋置换术。记录两组患者的手术时间、术中术后失血量、切口长度、术后开始功能锻炼时间、术后Harris评分、并发症等。结果随访时间为3个月～2年,平均12个月。两组患者术后切口均为Ⅰ级切口甲级愈合,无1例发生切口及深部感染,两组患者术后Harris评分、术后并发症等无显著性差异。但治疗组(后外侧微创切口全髋置换术)在手术时间、术中术后失血量、手术切口长度、术后开始功能锻炼时间均显著低于常规全髋置换术,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论后外侧微创小切口行人工全髋置换术可明显缩短手术时间和降低术后并发症及假体位置不当的风险,具有手术创伤小、失血量少、可早期进行关节功能锻炼等优点。     

舒适护理对全髋关节置换术后疼痛及康复的影响

目的探讨舒适护理对全髋关节置换术后疼痛以及康复效果。方法选择2013年3月~2016年3月在我院行全髋关节置换术后患者86例,随机分为观察组和对照组各43例,对照组给予术后常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上实施舒适护理,观察比较两组患者疼痛及康复的效果与满意度。结果观察组患者在12、24、36、48、72h时的疼痛评分均显著优于对照组(均P0.05);观察组患者的髋关节功能恢复优良率以及对护理工作满意度均显著优于对照组(均P0.05)。结论实施舒适护理对行全髋关节置换术的患者,能有效减轻其术后疼痛、加速髋关节功能的恢复,同时能提高患者对护理工作的满意度。     

Total Hip Arthroplasty: Direct Anterior Approach Versus Posterior Approach in the First Year of Practice

BackgroundThe direct anterior approach (DAA) for total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been popularized as a less invasive technique, however outcomes within the first year of practice after fellowship have not been investigated. The primary aim was to determine differences in complications and outcomes between DAA and posterior approach (PA) in the first year of practice. The secondary aim was to determine if there was a learning curve factor in DAA and PA after fellowship training.MethodsTHA cases performed by two surgeons during their first year of practice were reviewed. Overall, 181 THAs (91 DAA, 90 PA) in 168 patients, were performed. Intraoperative differences (blood loss, operative time), hospital stay, complications, reoperations, and revisions were compared.ResultsOverall surgical complications were similar between DAA and PA (11% vs. 9%, p=0.64), but complication profiles were different: dislocation (1% vs. 4%, p=0.17), intraoperative femoral fracture (2% vs. 1%, p=0.32), postoperative periprosthetic fractures (2% vs. 3%, p=0.64). neuropraxia (3% vs. 0%, p=0.08). There was no difference in rate of reoperation (1% vs. 3%, p=0.31). There was a difference in rate of revision at final follow-up (0% vs. 6%, p=0.02). DAA consisted of longer operative time (111 vs. 99 minutes; p<0.001), however was only significant in the first 50 cases (p<0.001), while the subsequent cases were similar (p=0.31). There was no difference in the first 50 cases compared to the subsequent cases for either approach regarding blood loss, complications, reoperations, or revisions.ConclusionDAA and PA for THA performed within the first year of practice exhibit similarly low complication rates, but complication profiles are different. In our series, PA did demonstrate a higher risk of revision at final follow-up. A learning curve is not unique to the DAA. Both DAA and PA THA exhibited a learning curve in the first 50 cases performed at the start of a surgeon’s practice. Level of Evidence: III     

Similar Outcomes Achieved Between Anterior and Posterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Dual Mobility Implants

BackgroundDual mobility (DM) bearings for total hip arthroplasty (THA) have been proposed to reduce the risk of instability in high-risk patients; however, their utility in primary THA remains relatively unexplored. No previous reports have described whether surgical approach influences outcomes associated with DM implant systems. This study aims to compare patient reported outcomes and post-operative groin pain between patients undergoing anterior approach versus posterior approach following primary THA with DM implants.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent primary THA and received a DM implant between 2011-2021. Patients were stratified into two cohorts based on surgical approach (anterior vs. posterior approach). Primary outcomes included the presence of substantial postoperative groin pain as well as readmission and revision rates. Demographic differences were assessed using chi-square and independent sample t-tests. Outcomes were compared using multilinear and logistic regressions.ResultsOf the 495 patients identified, 55 (11%) underwent THA via the anterior approach and 440 (89%) via the posterior approach. Surgical time (100.24 vs. 109.42 minutes, p=0.070), length of stay (2.19vs.2.67 days,p=0.072), discharge disposition (p=0.151), and significant postoperative groin pain (1.8%vs.0.7%,p=0.966) did not statistically differ between the cohorts. 90-day readmission (9.1%vs.7.7%,p=0.823) and revision rate (0.0%vs.3.0%,p=0.993) did not significantly differ as well. Specifically, readmission (p=0.993) and revision (p=0.998) for instability did not significantly differ between the cohorts. We found no statistical difference in HOOS, JR (p=0.425), VR-12 PCS (p=0.718), and VR-12 MCS (p=0.257) delta score improvement from preoperative to 1-year follow-up between the two groups.ConclusionComparable outcomes following implantation of DM constructs may be achievable irrespective of the surgical approach employed. The incidence of iliopsoas injections for groin pain did not significantly differ between anterior and posterior approaches. Future investigation is needed to determine whether surgical approach influences long-term outcomes in patients receiving DM implants. Level of Evidence: III     

外后侧小切口髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的临床研究

目的：观察髋关节置换术治疗股骨头缺血性坏死临床可行性和疗效。方法：后侧入路小切口行全款关节置换术,选取55例患者作为临床研究对象共62髋,进行12个月以上随访平均随访（15．5±2．5）个月。结果：术后患者功能恢复较好,假体位置及周围组织结合良好,Harris评分比术前提高45分以上,临床效果值得肯定。结论：通过外后侧入路髋关节置换治疗股骨头缺血性坏死可达到预期疗效,术前的充分准备对手术成功具有积极作用,可以作为减轻患者自身痛苦和降低医疗费用临床治疗方式。     

Differences in Infection Rates by Surgical Approach in Total Hip Arthroplasty and Patient Sex: A Systematic Review

BackgroundThere exists conflicting data that patient sex may influence complication and revision rates when undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA), specifically when comparing different surgical approaches. Differences in body fat or muscular distribution are proposed mechanisms, but these are poorly understood and not well described in current literature.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was conducted from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception of the database through September 15, 2020. Studies were included if they included patients undergoing primary elective unilateral THA, delineated infections by surgical approach, and delineated infections by patient sex. Basic science, cadaveric, and animal studies were excluded as were case reports. Two authors screened abstracts and then extracted data from the full text article.ResultsThree studies, including 1,694 patients undergoing 1,811 THA were included. 80 infections were included. No study reported a statistically significant difference in infection risk by patient sex or surgical approach, though there was substantial heterogeneity in study design, approach, and analysis.ConclusionLimited data suggests no relationship between sexes across surgical approaches for infection rates. However, poor reporting and small sample sizes preclude definitive conclusions from being drawn. Future studies should emphasize reporting differences in outcomes by patient sex to better elucidate differences, if any, in adverse outcomes between sexes following THA across surgical approaches. Level of Evidence: IV     

大直径陶瓷假体用于全髋关节置换术的稳定性和安全性

目的:探讨大直径陶瓷-陶瓷假体对髋关节置换患者术后假体磨损,稳定性和髋关节功能的影响。方法:选取我院2010年1月-2014年1月间采用大直径陶瓷-陶瓷假体行关全髋置换的股骨头坏死患者46例作为研究组。另选40例采用标准金属-聚乙烯假体手术患者作为对照组。观察并比较两组患者假体磨损情况、髋关节稳定性和功能评分。结果:研究组患者术后无一例脱位,发生假体松动1例,Harris评分为(82.04±1.92)分;对照组术后发生假体脱位4例,松动4例,Harris评分为(81.37±1.27)分;研究组假体稳定性和磨损程度优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),但两组髋关节功能评分无显著差异(P0.05)。发生假体松动的患者术后血沉、IL-1和IL-6浓度均高于正常值,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与标准假体相比,大直径陶瓷-陶瓷假体稳定性好,磨损率低,是全髋置换手术的良好假体。     

骨保留型短柄假体行全髋关节置换手术早期疗效观察

目的:探讨骨保留型股骨短柄假体行全髋关节置换手术的近期疗效及临床体会。方法:自2013年1月~2015年3月,首次接受人工全髋关节置换术共30例患者(38髋),年龄38~70岁,均采用后外侧入路。通过比较术前、术后髋关节Harris评分、骨性关节炎指数可视化量表(WOMAC),评价手术疗效。结果:术后所有患者均获得随访,最少6月,最长33月,平均19.5月。术后髋关节疼痛均明显好转,随访期内无严重并发症发生。髋关节Harris评分:术前45.3±4.3,术后末次随访94.1±5.4。术后末次随访Harris评分较术前改善明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后3~4个月所有患者可以全负重行走。1例术中股骨近端骨折,术后愈合良好,未留后遗症。所有病例未发现假体松动或感染。结论:骨保留型股骨短柄假体行全髋关节置换手术近期临床效果满意,无严重并发症。新型短柄假体设计符合人体解剖特征,骨量保留多,术后疗效好,为髋关节置换提供了一种新的选择。