术前三叶因子3、热休克蛋白40、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与上皮性卵巢癌患者肿瘤细胞减灭术后复发的关系

摘要 目的：探讨术前三叶因子3（TFF3）、热休克蛋白40（HSP40）、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）与上皮性卵巢癌（EOC）患者肿瘤细胞减灭术（CRS）后复发的关系。方法：选取2016年1月～2017年5月南京市第二医院妇科收治的140例接受CRS治疗的EOC患者，根据CRS后是否复发分为复发组和未复发组。检测和计算血清TFF3、HSP40、NLR。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析EOC患者CRS后复发的影响因素，受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析EOC患者CRS后复发的预测价值。结果：随访5年，失访2例，138例EOC患者CRS后复发率为52.90%（73/138）。与未复发组比较，复发组国际妇产科联盟（FIGO）分期Ⅳ期、化疗疗程≥6个、术后残留灶为最大残留肿瘤直径≤1 cm（R1）比例更大，术前血清糖类抗原（CA）125、TFF3、HSP40、NLR升高（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，肿瘤直径≥3 cm、低分化、FIGO分期Ⅳ期、术后残留灶为R1和TFF3、HSP40、NLR升高为EOC患者CRS后复发的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示，术前血清TFF3、HSP40、NLR单独与联合预测EOC患者CRS后复发的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.766、0.763、0.765、0.911，术前血清TFF3、HSP40、NLR联合预测EOC患者CRS后复发的AUC最大。结论：术前血清TFF3、HSP40、NLR升高与EOC患者CRS后复发独立相关，可能成为EOC患者CRS后复发的辅助预测指标，且三指标联合应用预测价值更高。     

术前AGR、NLR、FOXQ1联合检测对低位直肠癌根治性切除手术患者术后复发的预测价值

摘要 目的：探讨术前白蛋白-球蛋白比值（AGR）、中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、叉头框蛋白Q1（FOXQ1）联合检测对低位直肠癌根治性切除手术患者术后复发的预测价值。方法：选取2017年3月至2019年4月重庆市第九人民医院就诊的拟行低位直肠癌根治性切除手术患者110例,术前均检测血清AGR、NLR、FOXQ1水平。随访3~48个月,中位随访时间为25.5个月,失访9例,101例根据术后复发情况将患者分为复发组（n=16）和未复发组（n=85）。比较两组患者术前血清AGR、NLR、FOXQ1水平,收集患者的临床资料,以Logistic回归分析探讨低位直肠癌患者术后复发的危险因素,绘制受试者工作曲线（ROC）判定术前血清AGR、NLR、FOXQ1水平对低位直肠癌患者术后复发的预测价值。结果：复发组术前血清AGR水平低于未复发组,术前血清NLR、FOXQ1水平高于未复发组（P<0.05）;复发组患者肿瘤细胞分化程度为低分化、TNM分期为Ⅲ期、糖链抗原19-9（CA19-9）阳性占比高于未复发组（P<0.05）,复发组术后化疗占比低于未复发组（P<0.05）;Logistic回归分析结果显示,TNM分期为Ⅲ期、细胞分化程度为低分化、术前血清AGR降低、NLR升高、FOXQ1升高均为低位直肠癌患者术后复发的危险因素（P＜0.05）;ROC曲线结果显示,术前血清AGR、NLR、FOXQ1水平及三者联合对低位直肠癌患者术后复发的预测的曲线下面积（AUC）值分别为0.738、0.747、0.731、0.842。结论：术前检测血清AGR、NLR、FOXQ1水平对低位直肠癌根治性切除术患者术后复发预测具有一定的价值,且联合的预测价值更高。     

腹腔镜与开腹胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头癌的疗效对比及术后肿瘤早期复发的随访研究

摘要 目的：对比腹腔镜与开腹胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头癌的疗效,并分析术后肿瘤早期复发的影响因素。方法：选择2019年3月~2020年4月期间四川大学华西空港医院普外科收治的15例及四川大学华西医院胰腺外科收治的65例共计80例胰头癌患者,根据手术方式的不同分为开腹组和微创组,例数分别为32例和48例,对比两组围术期相关临床指标、并发症发生率和随访期间的肿瘤早期复发率。采用多因素Logistic回归分析术后早期复发的影响因素。结果：微创组的手术时间长于开腹组,住院费用多于开腹组,术中出血量少于开腹组,下床活动时间、术后排气时间、开始进食时间、术后住院时间短于开腹组（P<0.05）。两组并发症发生率对比无差异（P>0.05）。两组术后肿瘤早期复发率对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。单因素分析结果显示,胰头癌患者术后肿瘤早期复发与年龄、肿瘤最大直径、有无淋巴结转移、有无脉管癌栓、有无神经侵犯、术前白蛋白、术前糖类抗原125（CA125）、术前癌胚抗原（CEA）水平、术后有无放化疗有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示：淋巴结转移、脉管癌栓、神经侵犯、术后未放化疗以及术前CA125水平较高是胰头癌患者术后肿瘤早期复发的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：相较于传统开腹手术,腹腔镜下行胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头癌,可缩短住院时间,促进患者术后恢复,但两者间并发症发生率和术后早期复发率无显著差异。胰头癌术后肿瘤早期复发受到淋巴结转移、脉管癌栓、神经侵犯、术后放化疗、术前CA125水平等多种因素的影响。     

术前预后营养指数联合血清CXCL5、YKL-40对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后复发的预测价值

摘要 目的：探讨术前预后营养指数（PNI）联合血清C-X-C基序趋化因子配体5（CXCL5）、壳多糖酶3样蛋白1（YKL-40）对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌（NMIBC）患者经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术（TUR-BT）后复发的预测价值。方法：选取2019年1月～2021年1月新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的109例接受TUR-BT治疗的NMIBC患者,根据是否TUR-BT后复发分为复发组（n＝32）和未复发组（n＝77）,比较两组患者临床资料、术前PNI、CXCL5及YKL-40水平。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析NMIBC患者TUR-BT后复发的影响因素。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析术前PNI和血清CXCL5、YKL-40水平对NMIBC患者TUR-BT后复发的预测价值。结果：随访3年,109例NMIBC患者TUR-BT后复发32例,复发率为29.36％。复发组多发肿瘤、肿瘤T1期、低分化比例和血清CXCL5、YKL-40水平高于未复发组,白蛋白、淋巴细胞计数、术前PNI水平低于未复发组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,多发肿瘤、肿瘤T1期、低分化肿瘤、血清CXCL5升高、YKL-40升高为NMIBC患者TUR-BT后复发的独立危险因素,术前PNI升高为独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,术前PNI和血清CXCL5、YKL-40水平单独与联合预测NMIBC患者TUR-BT后复发的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.781、0.792、0.780、0.955,灵敏度分别为78.12％、53.13％、84.37％、96.87％,特异度分别为74.03％、97.40％、59.74％、79.22％。术前PNI联合血清CXCL5、YKL-40水平预测NMIBC患者TUR-BT后复发的AUC大于三者单独预测（P＜0.05）。结论：血清CXCL5、YKL-40水平升高是NMIBC患者TUR-BT后复发的独立危险因素,术前PNI升高为独立保护因素,三者联合检测对NMIBC患者TUR-BT后复发的预测价值较高。     

血清HIF-1α、HSP27、HSP70、HSP90α与肝细胞癌患者经肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗疗效的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨血清缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）、热休克蛋白（HSP）27、HSP70、HSP90α与肝细胞癌（HCC）患者经肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）治疗疗效的关系。方法：选取2021年6月～2023年6月在南充市中心医院接受TACE治疗的HCC患者125例,根据TACE治疗疗效分为无效组（47例）和有效组（78例）。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清HIF-1α、HSP27、HSP70、HSP90α。多因素Logistic回归分析影响HCC患者TACE治疗疗效的因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清HIF-1α、HSP27、HSP70、HSP90α对HCC患者TACE治疗无效的预测价值。结果：与有效组比较,无效组血清HIF-1α、HSP27、HSP70、HSP90α水平升高（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,低分化、血管侵犯和HIF-1α、HSP27、HSP70、HSP90α升高为HCC患者TACE治疗无效的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。血清HIF-1α、HSP27、HSP70、HSP90α联合预测HCC患者TACE治疗无效的曲线下面积为0.958,大于血清HIF-1α、HSP27、HSP70、HSP90α单独预测的0.750、0.739、0.742、0.749。结论：血清HIF-1α、HSP27、HSP70、HSP90α升高是HCC患者TACE治疗无效的独立危险因素,血清HIF-1α、HSP27、HSP70、HSP90α联合预测HCC患者TACE治疗无效的价值较高。     

腹腔镜与开腹肝切除术治疗原发性肝细胞癌的疗效对比研究及术后2年复发的影响因素分析

摘要 目的：对比腹腔镜与开腹肝切除术治疗原发性肝细胞癌（HCC）的疗效,并分析术后2年复发的影响因素。方法：回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年1月我院收治的108例HCC患者的病例资料,其中62例采用腹腔镜手术治疗（腹腔镜组）,46例采用开腹手术治疗（开腹组）,比较两组手术、术后恢复指标以及术后并发症差异。术后随访2年,根据是否复发分为复发组（45例）和未复发组（63例）,收集临床资料,分析HCC术后复发的影响因素。结果：腹腔镜组术中出血量少于开腹组,切口长度、术后首次排气时间、术后首次下床活动时间、术后住院时间短于开腹组,切口渗液发生率低于开腹组,但手术时间长于开腹组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。复发组肿瘤数目、肿瘤直径大于未复发组（P＜0.05）,2型糖尿病、CNLC分期 Ⅱb～Ⅲa期、低中度肿瘤分化程度、门静脉癌栓、微血管侵犯、肝硬化、术前HBV-DNA载量＞10⁴拷贝/mL、开腹手术的患者比例高于未复发组（P＜0.05）。合并2型糖尿病、门静脉癌栓、微血管侵犯、术前HBV-DNA载量＞10⁴拷贝/mL是HCC术后复发的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：与开腹手术比较,腹腔镜手术可减少创伤,更有利于术后康复,并可降低围术期并发症和术后复发率。2型糖尿病、门静脉癌栓、微血管侵犯、术前HBV-DNA载量是HCC术后复发的影响因素。     

血清TAP、TFF3与晚期胃癌患者含奥沙利铂化疗方案敏感性和预后的关系

摘要 目的：探讨血清肿瘤异常蛋白（TAP）、三叶因子3（TFF3）与晚期胃癌患者应用含奥沙利铂化疗方案敏感性和预后的关系。方法：选择2017年1月至2020年1月河北大学附属医院收治的115例晚期胃癌患者,所有患者接受含奥沙利铂化疗方案治疗,根据疗效分为敏感组（47例）和耐药组（68例）。化疗前检测血清TAP、TFF3水平,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析TAP、TFF3预测晚期胃癌患者接受含奥沙利铂化疗疗效的价值。治疗后随访,Wilcoxon检验不同血清TAP、TFF3表达下晚期胃癌患者中位OS时间差异。结果：耐药组血清TAP、TFF3水平高于敏感组（P＜0.05）。TAP、TFF3预测晚期胃癌患者含奥沙利铂化疗耐药的曲线下面积分别为0.717、0.690,联合TAP和TFF3预测晚期胃癌患者含奥沙利铂化疗耐药的曲线下面积为0.801,高于单独TAP、TFF3单独检测。随访期间失访2例,死亡54例,高水平TAP、高水平TFF3晚期胃癌患者中位OS时间短于低水平TAP、低水平TFF3晚期胃癌患者（P＜0.05）。结论：对含奥沙利铂化疗耐药的晚期胃癌患者血清TAP、TFF3水平显著增高,高水平TAP、TFF3晚期胃癌患者中位OS时间较短,联合检测血清TAP和TFF3可预测晚期胃癌患者化疗反应性和预后。     

帕金森病患者血清klk6、HSP70检测的临床意义研究

摘要 目的：探讨帕金森病（PD）患者血清激肽释放酶6（klk6）、热休克蛋白70（HSP70）水平与病情严重程度以及PD轻度认知障碍（PD-MCI）的关系。方法：选择2021年2月至2022年2月徐州医科大学附属医院收治的165例PD患者（PD组），根据修订的Hoehn-Yahr分级将PD患者分为早期组（1.0~2.5级，59例）、中期组（3.0级，65例）和晚期组（4.0~5.0 级，41例），根据是否存在PD-MCI将PD患者分为PD-MCI组（66例）和非PD-MCI组（99例），另选择同期72例于我院门诊体检的健康志愿者为对照组。检测血清klk6、HSP70水平，比较不同分组血清klk6、HSP70水平差异，多因素Logistic回归分析影响PD患者发生PD-MCI的因素。结果：PD组血清klk6水平高于对照组（P＜0.05），HSP70水平低于对照组（P＜0.05），晚期组血清klk6水平高于早期组和中期组，且中期组血清klk6水平均高于早期组（P＜0.05），晚期组血清HSP70水平低于早期组和中期组，且中期组血清HSP70水平低于早期组（P＜0.05）；PD-MCI组血清klk6水平高于非PD-MCI组（P＜0.05），HSP70水平低于非PD-MCI组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示年龄偏高、修订的Hoehn-Yahr分级晚期、高水平klk6是PD患者发生PD-MCI的危险因素（P＜0.05），高水平HSP70是PD患者发生PD-MCI的保护因素（P＜0.05）。结论：PD患者血清klk6水平增高，HSP70水平降低与修订的Hoehn- Yahr分级增加以及PD-MCI有关，检测血清klk6、HSP70水平有助于评估PD病情以及PD-MCI风险。     

弥散加权成像联合血清CEA、TFF1、sE-cadherin对乳腺良恶性肿块的鉴别价值研究

摘要 目的：探讨弥散加权成像（DWI）联合血清癌胚抗原（CEA）、三叶因子1（TFF1）、可溶性上皮钙黏蛋白（sE-cadherin）对乳腺良恶性肿块的鉴别价值。方法：选择2020年1月至2022年1月中国中医科学院广安门医院收治的81例乳腺肿块患者,所有患者均接受DWI检查并记录标准化表观弥散系数（ADC）,检测血清CEA、TFF1、sE-cadherin水平。以手术病理或空芯针活检病理学结果为准,分析ADC联合血清CEA、TFF1、sE-cadherin鉴别乳腺良恶性肿块的价值。结果：经病理学检查确诊恶性乳腺肿块29例（恶性组）,良性乳腺肿块52例（良性组）。恶性乳腺肿块T1WI低信号影或等信号影,T2WI 呈高信号影或混杂信号,DWI呈高信号影。恶性组ADC值低于良性组（P＜0.05）,血清CEA、TFF1、sE-cadherin水平高于良性组（P＜0.05）。联合ADC值和血清CEA、TFF1、sE-cadherin鉴别乳腺肿块良恶性的曲线下面积为0.869,高于单独指标的0.677、0.681、0.654、0.581。结论：乳腺恶性肿块DWI图像呈高信号影,ADC值降低。乳腺恶性肿块患者血清CEA、TFF1、sE-cadherin水平增高,联合ADC值和血清CEA、TFF1、sE-cadherin可有效鉴别乳腺肿块性质。     

HSP70、eIF4E、DNMT1在宫颈癌中的表达及意义

摘要 目的：探讨热休克蛋白70（HSP70）、真核细胞翻译起始因子4E（eIF4E）、DNA甲基转移酶1（DNMT1）在宫颈癌中的表达及意义。方法：选择2015年2月至2017年2月我院接诊的40例女性宫颈癌患者为本研究对象,收集所有患者手术切除病理组织制作石蜡切片,并选择我院同期接受其他手术的35例标本作为对照组,使用SP免疫组织化学法观察乳腺癌组织中HSP70、eIF4E、DNMT1染色结果,并分析其和临床病理因素之间的关系。结果：在免疫组化学法结果中显示,40例宫颈癌组织中,HSP70阳性表达率为65.00%（26/40）,eIF4E阳性表达率为67.50%（27/40）,DNMT1阳性表达率为72.50%（29/40）,均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;在宫颈癌组织中,HSP70、eIF4E、DNMT1和分化程度、临床分期及淋巴转移均有密切关系,（P＜0.05）;将分化程度、临床分期、淋巴转移、HSP70、eIF4E、DNMT1进行相关分析,结果显示,HSP70、eIF4E、DNMT1和分化程度、临床分期及淋巴转移之间均呈正相关（P＜0.05）,且HSP70和eIF4E、DNMT1均呈正相关（P＜0.05）,eIF4E和DNMT1呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：在宫颈癌组织中HSP70、eIF4E、DNMT1的高表达和临床病理之间存在着密切关系。     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.