血清Alb、Mb及MEWS、Waterlow评分对重症监护病房患者压力性损伤的预测价值

摘要 目的：探讨血清白蛋白（Alb）、肌红蛋白（Mb）及改良早期预警评分（MEWS）、Waterlow评分对重症监护病房（ICU）患者压力性损伤（PI）的预测价值。方法：选取2021年6月～2022年12月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院ICU住院的患者120例,根据是否发生PI分为PI组43例和非PI组77例。ICU患者PI的影响因素采用多因素Logistic回归分析,血清Alb、Mb及MEWS、Waterlow评分对ICU患者PI的预测价值采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析。结果：PI组年龄大于非PI组,机械通气比例、体温、Mb、MEWS、Waterlow评分高于非PI组,住院时间长于非PI组,Alb低于非PI组（P＜0.05）。住院时间延长和Mb升高、MEWS增加、Waterlow评分增加为ICU患者PI的独立危险因素,Alb升高为其独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。血清Alb、Mb及MEWS、Waterlow评分四项联合预测ICU患者PI的曲线下面积大于各指标预测（P＜0.05）。结论：血清Alb水平降低和Mb、MEWS、Waterlow评分升高与ICU患者PI发生独立相关,血清Alb、Mb及MEWS、Waterlow评分联合对ICU患者PI具有良好预测价值。     

中心静脉-动脉血二氧化碳分压差联合中心静脉血氧饱和度指导感染性休克患者液体复苏的应用效果及预后的危险因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨中心静脉-动脉血二氧化碳分压差[P（cv-a）CO₂]联合中心静脉血氧饱和度（ScvO₂）指导感染性休克患者液体复苏的应用效果及预后的危险因素。方法：选取2020年1月-2021年12月我院收治的230例感染性休克患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照组（n=115,以ScvO₂为目标指导液体复苏）和观察租[n=115,P（cv-a）CO₂联合ScvO₂指导液体复苏],比较两组复苏前、复苏6 h后的相关监测指标,比较两组住院期间治疗相关指标。此外,根据入院后28 d生存预后将患者分为死亡组和生存组,采用多因素Logistic回归分析感染性休克患者死亡的危险因素。结果：复苏6 h后,两组患者的平均动脉压（MAP）、中心静脉压（CVP）、ScvO₂、心脏指数（CI）较复苏前升高,且观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05）,两组患者的血肌酐（Scr）水平、急性生理学与慢性健康状况（APACHEⅡ）评分、序贯器官衰竭（SOFA）评分较复苏前降低,且观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）;复苏6 h后观察组的6 h平均入液量、乳酸清除率高于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组ICU入住时间、机械通气时间、住院时间较对照组短（P＜0.05）。单因素分析结果显示,相较于生存组患者,死亡组患者的年龄更大、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分更高、机械通气时间、入住ICU时间、住院时间更久、CI、血酸清除率、ScvO₂更低（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,APACHEⅡ评分≥30分、SOFA评分≥8分、血乳酸清除率＜30%、ScvO₂＜53%是感染性休克患者死亡的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：P（cv-a）CO₂联合ScvO₂指导感染性休克患者液体复苏效果明显,有利于提高复苏作用和改善患者预后。较高的APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分以及较低的血乳酸清除率、ScvO₂是感染性休克患者不良预后的危险因素,临床应针对性干预。     

冠心病患者血清成纤维细胞生长因子23、碱性磷酸酶及胎球蛋白A水平与冠状动脉钙化的关系及其预测价值分析

摘要 目的：分析冠心病（CHD）患者血清成纤维细胞生长因子23（FGF23）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、胎球蛋白A（FA）水平与冠状动脉钙化（CAC）的关系并探讨其对CAC的预测价值。方法：选取2021年2月～2022年2月本院收治的165例CHD患者,根据是否伴有CAC分为CAC组（n=73）和非CAC组（n=92）。收集患者临床资料,采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测血清FGF23、ALP、FA水平。通过多因素Logistic回归分析CHD患者CAC的影响因素,绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清FGF23、ALP、FA水平对CHD患者CAC的预测价值。结果：CAC组血清FGF23、ALP水平高于非CAC组,血清FA水平低于非CAC组（均P＜0.01）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄（较大）（OR=1.220,95％CI：1.087～1.369）、高血压病（OR=1.461,95％CI：1.062～2.010）、血钙（较高）（OR=1.532,95％CI：1.042～2.251）、血磷（较高）（OR=1.209,95％CI：1.097～1.333）、FGF23（较高）（OR=1.012,95％CI：1.007～1.018）、ALP（较高）（OR=1.046,95％CI：1.023～1.070）为CHD患者CAC的独立危险因素,FA（较高）（OR=0.827,95％CI：0.750～0.912）为独立保护因素（均P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,血清FGF23、ALP、FA单独与联合预测CHD患者CAC的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.790、0.773、0.786、0.915,联合预测CHD患者CAC的AUC大于各指标单独预测。结论：血清FGF23、ALP水平升高和FA水平降低与CHD患者发生CAC密切相关,可作为CHD患者发生CAC的辅助预测指标,且三个指标联合预测CHD患者CAC发生风险的价值较高。     

术前预后营养指数和血清转铁蛋白与老年髋部骨折患者术后切口愈合的关系及其预测价值分析

摘要 目的：研究术前预后营养指数（PNI）和血清转铁蛋白（TRF）与老年髋部骨折（HF）患者术后切口愈合不良（PWH）的关系及其预测价值。方法：选取2020年1月～2022年3月南京市中医院收治的252例接受手术治疗老年HF患者,根据术后切口愈合情况分为PWH组（n=27）和非PWH组（n=225）。收集患者基础资料、术前PNI和血清TRF水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析老年HF患者术后PWH的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析PNI和血清TRF水平对老年HF患者术后PWH的预测价值。结果：252例老年HF患者术后出现27例PWH,其中24例切口长时间不愈合,3例切口裂开。与非PWH组比较,PWH组体质量指数（BMI）和白蛋白、淋巴细胞计数（LC）、PNI、血清TRF水平更低,糖尿病比例和术中出血量更高（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,BMI≥18.5 kg/m²（OR=0.648,95％CI：0.457～0.919）、PNI（OR=0.954,95％CI：0.932～0.976）、血清TRF（OR=0.484,95％CI：0.307～0.761）升高是老年HF患者术后PWH的保护因素,糖尿病（OR=2.651,95％CI：1.182～5.948）、术中出血量增加（OR=1.013,95％CI：1.005～1.021）是危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,PNI和血清TRF水平单独与联合预测老年HF患者术后PWH的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.808、0.770、0.871,灵敏度分别为70.37％、55.56％、92.59％,特异度分别为80.65％、85.81％、70.32％。二者联合预测老年HF患者术后PWH的AUC大于二者单独预测（P＜0.05）。结论：术前PNI和血清TRF水平降低是老年HF患者术后PWH的危险因素,二者联合对老年HF患者术后PWH的预测价值较高。     

超脉冲CO2点阵激光联合光子嫩肤治疗凹陷性痤疮瘢痕的疗效及影响因素分析

摘要 目的：探讨超脉冲CO₂点阵激光联合光子嫩肤治疗凹陷性痤疮瘢痕的疗效并分析其影响因素。方法：选取2018年7月到2020年8月于本院进行治疗的凹陷性痤疮瘢痕患者共计98例作为研究对象,所有患者均采用超脉冲CO₂点阵激光联合光子嫩肤进行治疗,对患者治疗前后的症状积分以及瘢痕面积进行分析,同时根据患者治疗后的治疗效果将患者分为有效组以及对照组,利用二元Logistic回归分析超脉冲CO₂点阵激光联合光子嫩肤治疗凹陷性痤疮瘢痕疗效的影响因素。结果：患者经过超脉冲CO₂点阵激光联合光子嫩肤治疗后,症状积分以及瘢痕面积明显减小（P<0.05）,治疗后3个月的总有效率达到79.59%。将治疗有效的患者作为有效组（n=78）,将治疗无效的患者作为对照组（n=20）,单因素分析结果表明,有效组患者的年龄、抑郁自评量表评分、焦虑自评量表评分以及病程明显低于对照组患者（P<0.05）,有效组患者合并其它皮肤疾病的比例明显少于对照组患者（P<0.05）;二元Logistic回归分析结果显示：患者的年龄（OR=18.225,95%CI：6.805～31.589）、抑郁自评量表评分（OR=7.090,95%CI：2.430～21.148）、焦虑自评量表评分（OR=1.022,95%CI：1.008～1.036）、病程（OR=3.049,95%CI：1.346～6.184）以及合并其它皮肤疾病（OR=14.318,95%CI：5.234～18.595）为疗效的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：采用超脉冲CO₂点阵激光联合光子嫩肤对凹陷性痤疮瘢痕进行治疗,能够有效改善患者的症状,临床效果显著,患者的年龄、心理状态、病程以及合并其它皮肤疾病会影响超脉冲CO₂点阵激光联合光子嫩肤对凹陷性痤疮瘢痕的治疗效果。     

AIMS65评分联合血清GAS、PGE2、BAR对急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血患者预后的评估价值

摘要 目的：探讨AIMS65评分联合血清胃泌素（GAS）、前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）、血尿素氮/白蛋白比值（BAR）对急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血（ANVUGIB）患者内镜下止血治疗后预后的评估价值。方法：选取2020年5月～2022年5月北京市和平里医院消化内科收治的108例的ANVUGIB患者,根据患者住院28 d内的预后分为预后不良组和预后良好组。收集患者临床资料,检测血清GAS、PGE₂水平和计算AIMS65评分、BAR。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析ANVUGIB患者内镜下止血治疗后预后不良的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析AIMS65评分、GAS、PGE₂和BAR对ANVUGIB患者内镜下止血治疗后预后不良的评估价值。结果：108例ANVUGIB患者预后不良发生率为37.96％（41/108）。单因素分析显示,预后不良组年龄大于预后良好组,心率、休克指数、AIMS65评分、GAS、BAR高于预后良好组,PGE₂水平低于预后良好组（P均＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄增加和休克指数、AIMS65评分、GAS、BAR升高为ANVUGIB患者内镜下止血治疗后预后不良的独立危险因素,PGE₂升高为其独立保护因素（P均＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,AIMS65评分联合GAS、PGE₂和BAR评估ANVUGIB患者内镜下止血治疗后预后不良的曲线下面积大于AIMS65评分、GAS、PGE₂和BAR单独评估。结论：预后不良的ANVUGIB患者AIMS65评分、GAS、BAR均高于预后良好的患者,AIMS65评分联合GAS、PGE₂和BAR评估ANVUGIB患者内镜下止血治疗后预后的价值较高。     

术前修正衰弱指数联合血清PGE2、IL-17A预测老年髋关节置换术患者术后谵妄的临床研究

摘要 目的：探讨术前修正衰弱指数（mFI）联合血清前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）、白细胞介素-17A（IL-17A）预测老年髋关节置换术患者术后谵妄（POD）的临床研究。方法：选取2020年1月～2022年7月四川大学华西医院收治的276例老年髋关节置换术患者，根据是否发生POD分为POD组和非POD组。计算术前mFI，采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清PGE₂、IL-17A水平。分析老年髋关节置换术患者POD的影响因素，采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析mFI和血清PGE₂、IL-17A水平对老年髋关节置换术患者POD的预测价值。结果：276例老年髋关节置换术患者POD发生率为17.03%（47/276）。与非POD组比较，POD组mFI和血清PGE₂、IL-17A水平升高（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，年龄、糖尿病、脑卒中、mFI、PGE₂、IL-17A为老年髋关节置换术患者POD的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示，mFI联合血清PGE₂、IL-17A预测老年髋关节置换术患者POD的曲线下面积（AUC）大于mFI、PGE₂、IL-17A单独预测（P＜0.05）。结论：mFI和血清PGE₂、IL-17A水平升高与老年髋关节置换术患者POD独立相关，mFI联合血清PGE₂、IL-17A预测老年髋关节置换术患者POD的价值较高，可能成为老年髋关节置换术患者POD的辅助预测指标。     

血清白细胞介素6、脑源性神经营养因子、甘油三酯、5-羟色胺与精神分裂症患者认知功能和攻击行为的关系分析

摘要 目的：探讨血清白细胞介素6（IL-6）、脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、甘油三酯（TG）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）与精神分裂症（SZ）患者认知功能的关系,并分析SZ患者攻击行为的影响因素,研究血清IL-6、TG、BDNF、5-HT与攻击行为的关系。方法：选取2020年1月～2022年1月我院收治的112例SZ患者作为SZ组,根据有无攻击行为分为有攻击行为组31例和无攻击行为组81例,另选取同期41例体检健康者作为对照组,检测血清IL-6、BDNF、TG、5-HT水平,中文版MATRICS共识认知成套测验（MCCB）评估认知功能。采用Pearson/Spearman相关性分析SZ患者血清IL-6、BDNF、TG、5-HT水平与MCCB评分的相关性,多因素Logistic回归分析SZ患者攻击行为的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清IL-6、BDNF、TG、5-HT水平对SZ患者攻击行为的预测价值。结果：SZ组血清IL-6、TG水平高于对照组,BDNF、5-HT水平和MCCB评分低于对照组（P＜0.05）。Pearson/Spearman相关性分析显示,SZ患者血清IL-6、TG水平与MCCB评分呈负相关（r/rs=-0.569、-0.528,均P＜0.001）,BDNF、5-HT水平与MCCB评分呈正相关（r/rs=0.587、0.602,均P＜0.001）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,PANSS总分增加（OR=1.958,95％CI：1.035～3.704）、IL-6升高（OR=1.015,95％CI：1.041～1.172）、TG升高（OR=1.007,95％CI：1.023～1.135）为SZ患者攻击行为的独立危险因素,MCCB评分增加（OR=0.911,95％CI：0.848～0.979）、BDNF升高（OR=0.792,95％CI：0.656～0.955）、5-HT升高（OR=0.979,95％CI：0.965～0.994）为独立保护因素（均P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析发现,血清IL-6、BDNF、TG、5-HT水平单独与联合预测SZ患者攻击行为的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.765、0.754、0.750、0.748、0.920,四项联合预测SZ患者攻击行为的AUC大于各指标单独预测。结论：SZ患者血清IL-6、TG水平升高和BDNF、5-HT水平降低与认知功能障碍和攻击行为有关,血清IL-6、BDNF、TG、5-HT水平可作为SZ患者攻击行为的辅助预测指标。     

呼气末二氧化碳分压、C-反应蛋白/白蛋白比值及综合脱机指数对重型颅脑损伤机械通气患者撤机失败的预测价值

摘要 目的：探讨呼气末二氧化碳分压（PetCO₂）、C-反应蛋白/白蛋白比值（CRP/Alb）及综合脱机指数（IWI）对重型颅脑损伤机械通气患者撤机失败的预测价值。方法：选择2020年1月至2022年6月在安徽中医药大学附属六安医院进行机械通气的重型颅脑损伤患者96例作为研究对象,按照撤机结局分为撤机失败组（n=31）和撤机成功组（n=65）。比较两组撤机前PetCO₂、CRP/Alb、IWI及临床参数。应用多因素Logistic回归分析重型颅脑损伤机械通气患者撤机失败的危险因素。应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评价PetCO₂、CRP/Alb、IWI对重型颅脑损伤机械通气患者撤机失败的预测价值。结果：撤机失败组PetCO₂、CRP/Alb、急性生理功能和慢性健康状况评分系统II（APACHE II）评分显著高于撤机成功组,机械通气时间长于撤机成功组,IWI、格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GCS）显著低于撤机成功组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,PetCO₂≥37.01 mmHg、CRP/Alb≥0.97、IWI≤78.23、GCS≤5.90分、APACHE II评分≥26.17分、机械通气时间≥4.49 d是重型颅脑损伤机械通气患者撤机失败的危险因素（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示PetCO₂、CRP/Alb、IWI、GCS、APACHE II对重型颅脑损伤机械通气患者撤机失败均有较高的敏感度、特异度, PetCO₂、CRP/Alb、IWI三项联合检测对重型颅脑损伤机械通气患者撤机失败预测的曲线下面积（AUC）高于PetCO₂、CRP/Alb、IWI、GCS、APACHE II单独检测。结论：PetCO₂、CRP/Alb及IWI联合评估对重型颅脑损伤机械通气患者撤机失败具有较高的预测价值。     

PICU患儿压力性损伤的临床特征、影响因素及预测模型的构建与评价

摘要 目的：分析儿科重症监护室（PICU）患儿压力性损伤（PI）的临床特征和影响因素,并构建和评价PICU患儿PI预测模型。方法：选取2020年1月～2022年5月我院PICU收治的387例患儿,收集所有PICU患儿临床资料并根据其是否发生PI分为PI组（63例）和非PI组（324）,分析PI患儿临床特征。采用单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析PICU患儿发生PI的影响因素并构建多指标联合应用预测模型,应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析多指标联合应用预测模型对PICU患儿发生PI的预测价值,采用H-L检验多指标联合应用预测模型的拟合优度。结果：387例PICU患儿PI发生率为16.28％（63/387）,共76处,美国国家压疮咨询委员会（NPUAP）分期以1期为主,其中58.73％（37/63）为黏膜PI,41.27％（26/63）为器械相关PI,64.47％（49/76）发生在头面部,18.42％（14/76）发生在下肢,10.53％（8/76）发生在骶尾部,3.95％（3/76）发生在上肢,2.63％（2/76）发生在躯干。单因素分析显示,PI组心血管疾病、神经系统疾病、昏迷/嗜睡比例和医疗设备数量高于非PI组,入住PICU时间长于非PI组,且Braden-Q量表评分低于非PI组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,心血管疾病、神经系统疾病、昏迷/嗜睡、医疗设备数量增加为PICU患儿发生PI的独立危险因素,Braden-Q量表评分升高为其独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。Braden-Q量表评分与多指标联合应用预测模型的ROC-AUC分别为0.702、0.910,多指标联合应用预测模型的预测效能更高。经H-L检验,多指标联合应用预测模型拟合效果良好。结论：PICU患儿是PI高危人群,NPUAP分期以1期且PI损伤部位多集中于头面部。心血管疾病、神经系统疾病、昏迷/嗜睡、医疗设备数量、Braden-Q量表评分是PICU患儿PI的影响因素,根据以上影响因素构建的PICU患儿PI多指标联合应用预测模型,拟合效果良好、预测价值较高。     

Análisis de los factores implicados en la evolución de los pacientes mayores de 80 años,ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos: ¿debemos cambiar nuestro proceder?

Background and objectivesThe care of older patients in intensive care units (ICU) is becoming more frequent.To describe characteristics of elderly patients admitted to the ICU and to analyze the factors associated with mortality.Patients and methodsRetrospective cross-sectional study, with patients ≥80 years, admitted to the ICU of the Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital, from March 2012 to December 2018. Demographic variables, comorbidities and mortality in the ICU, in hospital and at one year were collected, analyzed by univariate analysis and binary logistic regression.ResultsSix hundred twenty patients, mean age 83.6 years (SD: 3.25), 31% required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), 25% vasopressors and 29% renal replacement therapy (RRT) due to acute renal failure (ARF). The 60% were admissions of medical origin. In-hospital mortality was 156 patients (25%), 91 died in the ICU and 65 on the ward, with shorter ICU stays for the survivors (2.72; SD: 0.22) compared to the deceased (3.74; SD: 0.38), with statistically significant differences. 63% remained alive one year after ICU discharge.An explanatory model of ICU mortality was obtained by logistic regression that included the following factors: IMV (OR: 5.78, 95% CI 2.73-12.22), vasopressors (OR: 2.54, 95% CI 1.24-5.19), AKI/TRS (OR: 2.69, 95% CI 1.35-5.35), medical admission (OR: 2.88, 95% CI 1.40-5.92), urgent admission (OR: 2.33, 95% CI 1.30-4.18) and limitation of life support (LTSV) (OR: 47.35, 95% CI 22.96-97.68). The days in the ICU (OR: 0.93, 95% CI 0.87-0.99) would be inversely related to mortality.ConclusionsIn older patients, there is no increase in mortality, with a 1-year survival >63%. The need for IMV, the use of vasopressor drugs and ARF/RTS were factors associated with mortality in the multivariate analysis.     

改良HEART评分法对急诊胸痛患者分层治疗的指导价值研究

目的:研究改良HEART评分法对急诊胸痛患者分层治疗的指导价值。方法:选择我院急诊科收治的急性胸痛患者197例,根据疾病分为心源性胸痛组(n=132)和非心源性胸痛组(n=65),所有患者均行改良HEART评分和传统HEART评分,并根据评分进行危险分层,比较患者去向,建立受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,评价HEART评分对危险分层和预后预测的价值。结果:心源性胸痛组改良HEART评分和常规HEART评分均高于非心源性胸痛组,两组改良HEART评分和常规HEART评分比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。改良HEART评分低危者100%未住院,中危62.71%住院,高危住院、入ICU的构成比例为73.17%、36.59%;HEART评分低危11.11%住院,中危住院、入ICU的构成比例为57.38%、6.56%,高危住院、入ICU的构成比例为68.57%、31.43%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。改良HEART评分用于对心源性胸痛患者分层的AUC值为0.916,敏感度为0.883,明显高于HEART评分的0.831和0.765。结论:改良HEART评分法可提高急诊胸痛患者分层的准确性,对指导患者去向和治疗价值较高。     

Predictive Value of Ionized Calcium in Critically Ill Patients: An Analysis of a Large Clinical Database MIMIC II

Background and Objective

ionized calcium (iCa) has been investigated for its association with mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients in many studies. However, these studies are small in sample size and the results are conflicting. The present study aimed to establish the association of iCa with mortality by using a large clinical database.

Methods

Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II (MIMIC II) database was used for analysis. Patients older than 15 years were eligible, and patients without iCa measured during their ICU stay were excluded. Demographic data and clinical characteristics were extracted and compared between survivors and non-survivors. iCa measure on ICU admission was defined as Ca₀; Ca_max was the maximum iCa during ICU stay; Ca_min was the minimum value of iCa during the ICU stay; Ca_mean was the arithmetic mean iCa during ICU stay.

Main results

A total of 15409 ICU admissions satisfied our inclusion criteria and were included in our analysis. The prevalence of hypocalcemia on ICU entry was 62.06%. Ca₀ was significantly lower in non-survivors than in survivors (1.11±0.14 vs 1.13±0.10 mmol/l, p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, moderate hypocalcemia in Ca0 was significantly associated with increased risk of death (OR: 1.943; 95% CI: 1.340–2.817), and mild hypercalcemia was associated with lower mortality (OR: 0.553, 95% CI: 0.400–0.767). While moderate and mild hypocalcemia in Ca_mean is associated with increased risk of death (OR: 1.153, 95% CI: 1.006–1.322 and OR: 2.520, 95% CI: 1.485–4.278), hypercalcemia in Ca_mean is not significantly associated with ICU mortality.

Conclusion

The relationship between Ca₀ and clinical outcome follows an “U” shaped curve with the nadir at the normal range, extending slightly to hypercalcemia. Mild hypercalcemia in Ca₀ is protective, whereas moderate and mild hypocalcemia in Ca_mean is associated with increased risk of death.     

COVID-19 severity and cardiovascular outcomes in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with cancer and cardiovascular disease

BackgroundData regarding outcomes among patients with cancer and co-morbid cardiovascular disease (CVD)/cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) after SARS-CoV-2 infection are limited.ObjectivesTo compare Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related complications among cancer patients with and without co-morbid CVD/CVRF.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of patients with cancer and laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2, reported to the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) registry from 03/17/2020 to 12/31/2021. CVD/CVRF was defined as established CVD or no established CVD, male ≥ 55 or female ≥ 60 years, and one additional CVRF. The primary endpoint was an ordinal COVID-19 severity outcome including need for hospitalization, supplemental oxygen, intensive care unit (ICU), mechanical ventilation, ICU or mechanical ventilation plus vasopressors, and death. Secondary endpoints included incident adverse CV events. Ordinal logistic regression models estimated associations of CVD/CVRF with COVID-19 severity. Effect modification by recent cancer therapy was evaluated.ResultsAmong 10,876 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with cancer (median age 65 [IQR 54–74] years, 53% female, 52% White), 6253 patients (57%) had co-morbid CVD/CVRF. Co-morbid CVD/CVRF was associated with higher COVID-19 severity (adjusted OR: 1.25 [95% CI 1.11–1.40]). Adverse CV events were significantly higher in patients with CVD/CVRF (all p<0.001). CVD/CVRF was associated with worse COVID-19 severity in patients who had not received recent cancer therapy, but not in those undergoing active cancer therapy (OR 1.51 [95% CI 1.31–1.74] vs. OR 1.04 [95% CI 0.90–1.20], p_interaction <0.001).ConclusionsCo-morbid CVD/CVRF is associated with higher COVID-19 severity among patients with cancer, particularly those not receiving active cancer therapy. While infrequent, COVID-19 related CV complications were higher in patients with comorbid CVD/CVRF. (COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium Registry [CCC19]; NCT04354701).     

Depressive Symptoms as a Novel Risk Factor for Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism: A Longitudinal Observational Study in Patients Referred for Thrombophilia Investigation

BackgroundIncreasing evidence suggests that psychosocial factors, including depression predict incident venous thromboembolism (VTE) against a background of genetic and acquired risk factors. The role of psychosocial factors for the risk of recurrent VTE has not previously been examined. We hypothesized that depressive symptoms in patients with prior VTE are associated with an increased risk of recurrent VTE.MethodsIn this longitudinal observational study, we investigated 271 consecutive patients, aged 18 years or older, referred for thrombophilia investigation with an objectively diagnosed episode of VTE. Patients completed the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). During the observation period, they were contacted by phone and information on recurrent VTE, anticoagulation therapy, and thromboprophylaxis in risk situations was collected.ResultsClinically relevant depressive symptoms (HADS-D score ≥8) were present in 10% of patients. During a median observation period of 13 months (range 5-48), 27 (10%) patients experienced recurrent VTE. After controlling for sociodemographic and clinical factors, a 3-point increase on the HADS-D score was associated with a 44% greater risk of recurrent VTE (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.02, 2.06). Compared to patients with lower levels of depressive symptoms (HADS-D score: range 0-2), those with higher levels (HADS-D score: range 3-16) had a 4.1-times greater risk of recurrent VTE (OR 4.07, 95% CI 1.55, 10.66).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that depressive symptoms might contribute to an increased risk of recurrent VTE independent of other prognostic factors. An increased risk might already be present at subclinical levels of depressive symptoms.     

Hypothermia in a surgical intensive care unit

Background

Inadvertent hypothermia is not uncommon in the immediate postoperative period and it is associated with impairment and abnormalities in various organs and systems that can lead to adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence, the predictive factors and outcome of core hypothermia on admission to a surgical ICU.

Methods

All consecutive 185 adult patients who underwent scheduled or emergency noncardiac surgery admitted to a surgical ICU between April and July 2004 were admitted to the study. Tympanic membrane core temperature (Tc) was measured before surgery, on arrival at ICU and every two hours until 6 hours after admission. The following variables were also recorded: age, sex, body weight and height, ASA physical status, type of surgery, magnitude of surgical procedure, anesthesia technique, amount of intravenous fluids administered during anesthesia, use of temperature monitoring and warming techniques, duration of the anesthesia, ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay and SAPS II score. Patients were classified as either hypothermic (Tc ≤ 35°C) or normothermic (Tc> 35°C). Univariate analysis and multiple regression binary logistic with an odds ratio (OR) and its 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) were used to compare the two groups of patients and assess the relationship between each clinical predictor and hypothermia. Outcome measured as ICU length of stay and mortality was also assessed.

Results

Prevalence of hypothermia on ICU admission was 57.8%. In univariate analysis temperature monitoring, use of warming techniques and higher previous body temperature were significant protective factors against core hypothermia. In this analysis independent predictors of hypothermia on admission to ICU were: magnitude of surgery, use of general anesthesia or combined epidural and general anesthesia, total intravenous crystalloids administrated and total packed erythrocytes administrated, anesthesia longer than 3 hours and SAPS II scores. In multiple logistic regression analysis significant predictors of hypothermia on admission to the ICU were magnitude of surgery (OR 3.9, 95% CI, 1.4–10.6, p = 0.008 for major surgery; OR 3.6, 95% CI, 1.5–9.0, p = 0.005 for medium surgery), intravenous administration of crystalloids (in litres) (OR 1.4, 95% CI, 1.1–1.7, p = 0.012) and SAPS score (OR 1.0, 95% CI 1.0–1.7, p = 0.014); higher previous temperature in ward was a significant protective factor (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.7, p = 0.003). Hypothermia was neither a risk factor for hospital mortality nor a predictive factor for staying longer in ICU.

Conclusion

The prevalence of patient hypothermia on ICU arrival was high. Hypothermia at time of admission to the ICU was not an independent factor for mortality or for staying longer in ICU.     

Association of maternal and index child’s diet with subsequent leukemia risk: A systematic review and meta analysis

BackgroundExploring the effect of maternal and/or childhood diet on offspring leukemogenesis is challenging, given differences in food group categories, their potentially variable impact depending on time window of exposure and the multiple leukemia subtypes. We opted to quantitatively synthesize published data on the association of maternal/child diet with leukemia risk.MethodsMedline was searched until June 30th, 2016 for eligible articles on the association of childhood leukemia with consumption of (i) food groups, excluding alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, and (ii) specific dietary supplements before/during index pregnancy and childhood.ResultsEighteen studies of case-control design (N = 11,720 cases/18,721 controls) were included, of which nine assessed maternal dietary components, five index child’s and four both, mainly focusing on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Statistically significant inverse estimates for ALL were found (2 studies, 413 cases, 490 controls) for fruit (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.99); vegetables (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.94); legumes (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.94); fish (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.53, among the 0–4 year old; 2 studies 215 cases, 215 controls); preconception folic acid supplementation (OR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.50–0.95; published meta analysis plus 2 studies, 3511 cases, 6816 controls); and use of vitamins during pregnancy (OR: 0.81, 95%CI: 0.74–0.88; published meta analysis plus one study, 5967 cases, 8876 controls). The associations (2 studies) of the remaining food groups and maternal dietary supplements consumption during pregnancy as well as of childhood diet and supplements intake (2–4 studies) were non significant.ConclusionsMaternal consumption of specific food groups comprising“healthy” items of the Mediterranean diet, preconception use of folic acid and intake of vitamins during pregnancy were associated with decreased ALL risk. Further research is needed, however preferably with homogeneous dietary information and data on immunophenotypic/cytogenetic subtypes to also explore the interaction of specific macro- and micronutrients intake with gene polymorphisms.     

Predicting the Outcome of Sjogren’s Syndrome-Associated Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Patients

BackgroundNon-Hodgkin''s lymphoma (NHL) development in Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) remains a potentially lethal complication and efforts should focus on the identification of predictors that could aid in appropriate therapeutic decisions.MethodsIn order to identify potential prognostic factors for outcome in SS-associated NHL, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 77 patients, diagnosed with NHL according to WHO classification criteria and meeting the American-European Consensus Classification (AECC) criteria for SS and examined the effect of SS-activity (defined as the EULAR SS disease activity index-ESSDAI) in the prognosis of SS-related NHLs, as defined in terms of overall and event-free survivals (OS and EFS). An event was defined as lymphoma relapse, treatment failure, disease progression, histological transformation or death. The effect of NHL clinical and laboratory characteristics was also investigated.ResultsMALT lymphomas constituted the majority (66.2%) of lymphomas. During the follow-up (median = 57.93 months), the 5-year OS was 90.91% (95% CI: 82.14–95.80%) and the EFS was 77.92% (95% CI: 67.37–85.82%). Patients with high ESSDAI score at lymphoma diagnosis had a greater risk for death (OR = 5.241, 95% CI: 1.034–26.568) or for event (OR = 4.317, 95% CI: 1.146–9.699, p = 0.008). These patients had also significantly worse EFS (HR = 4.541, 95% CI: 1.772–11.637) and OS (HR = 5.946, 95% CI: 1.259–28.077). In addition, post-chemotherapy ESSDAI improvement was significantly lower in patients who had experienced an event (p = 0.005). An unfavorable International prognostic index (IPI) score (high-intermediate/high) was associated with high risk of death and event (OR = 13.867, 95% CI: 2.656–72.387 and OR = 12.589, 95% CI: 3.911–40.526, respectively), worse EFS (log-rank p<0.001, HR = 8.718, 95% CI: 3.477–21.858), as well as with worse OS (log-rank p<0.001, HR = 11.414, 95% CI: 2.414–53.974). After adjustment for identified risk factors, IPI score retained a significant prognostic role following by a strong effect of ESSDAI in survival outcomes.ConclusionsAt the point of NHL diagnosis, IPI and ESSDAI might be proved useful predictive tools in SS-associated lymphoma prognosis, directing to a more patient-tailored approach.     

Early Standard Electroencephalogram Abnormalities Predict Mortality in Septic Intensive Care Unit Patients

IntroductionSepsis is associated with increased mortality, delirium and long-term cognitive impairment in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities occurring at the acute stage of sepsis may correlate with severity of brain dysfunction. Predictive value of early standard EEG abnormalities for mortality in ICU septic patients remains to be assessed.MethodsIn this prospective, single center, observational study, standard EEG was performed, analyzed and classified according to both Synek and Young EEG scales, in consecutive patients acutely admitted in ICU for sepsis. Delirium, coma and the level of sedation were assessed at the time of EEG recording; and duration of sedation, occurrence of in-ICU delirium or death were assessed during follow-up. Adjusted analyses were carried out using multiple logistic regression.ResultsOne hundred ten patients were included, mean age 63.8 (±18.1) years, median SAPS-II score 38 (29–55). At the time of EEG recording, 46 patients (42%) were sedated and 22 (20%) suffered from delirium. Overall, 54 patients (49%) developed delirium, of which 32 (29%) in the days after EEG recording. 23 (21%) patients died in the ICU. Absence of EEG reactivity was observed in 27 patients (25%), periodic discharges (PDs) in 21 (19%) and electrographic seizures (ESZ) in 17 (15%). ICU mortality was independently associated with a delta-predominant background (OR: 3.36; 95% CI [1.08 to 10.4]), absence of EEG reactivity (OR: 4.44; 95% CI [1.37–14.3], PDs (OR: 3.24; 95% CI [1.03 to 10.2]), Synek grade ≥ 3 (OR: 5.35; 95% CI [1.66–17.2]) and Young grade > 1 (OR: 3.44; 95% CI [1.09–10.8]) after adjustment to Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS-II) at admission and level of sedation. Delirium at the time of EEG was associated with ESZ in non-sedated patients (32% vs 10%, p = 0.037); with Synek grade ≥ 3 (36% vs 7%, p< 0.05) and Young grade > 1 (36% vs 17%, p< 0.001). Occurrence of delirium in the days after EEG was associated with a delta-predominant background (48% vs 15%, p = 0.001); absence of reactivity (39% vs 10%, p = 0.003), Synek grade ≥ 3 (42% vs 17%, p = 0.001) and Young grade >1 (58% vs 17%, p = 0.0001).ConclusionsIn this prospective cohort of 110 septic ICU patients, early standard EEG was significantly disturbed. Absence of EEG reactivity, a delta-predominant background, PDs, Synek grade ≥ 3 and Young grade > 1 at day 1 to 3 following admission were independent predictors of ICU mortality and were associated with occurence of delirium. ESZ and PDs, found in about 20% of our patients. Their prevalence could have been higher, with a still higher predictive value, if they had been diagnosed more thoroughly using continuous EEG.