Complete genome sequence of Leuconostoc kimchii strain C2, isolated from Kimchi

Leuconostoc kimchii strain C2 was isolated from fermented kimchi in Korea. Here we announce the complete genome sequence of Leuconostoc kimchii strain C2, consisting of a 1,877,174-bp chromosome with a G+C content of 37.9% and no plasmid and describe major findings from its annotation.     

Complete Genome Sequence of Leuconostoc carnosum Strain JB16, Isolated from Kimchi

Leuconostoc carnosum strain JB16 was isolated from kimchi, the traditional Korean fermented food. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of L. carnosum strain JB16, consisting of a 1,645,096-bp circular chromosome with a G+C content of 37.24% and four plasmids.     

鼠尾草叶绿体基因组序列分析

鼠尾草（Salvia japonica）是唇形科（Labiatae）鼠尾草属（Salvia）的一种多年生草本植物,具有十分重要的药用和经济价值。本文采用第二代测序技术Illumina Hiseq平台对鼠尾草的叶绿体基因组进行测序,同时以鼠尾草近缘物种丹参叶绿体基因组作为参考,组装得到完整叶绿体基因组序列。结果表明,鼠尾草叶绿体基因组序列全长153 995 bp,呈典型的四段式结构,其中LSC区长84 573 bp,SSC区长19 874 bp,两个IR区分别长24 774 bp;鼠尾草叶绿体基因组成功注释13组叶绿体基因,基因的种类、数目及GC含量等与唇形科中其它物种较为类似。这些研究结果丰富了鼠尾草属的叶绿体基因组数据,为今后鼠尾草属植物系统发育关系重建积累了基础性数据。     

Complete Genome Sequence of Borrelia afzelii K78 and Comparative Genome Analysis

The main Borrelia species causing Lyme borreliosis in Europe and Asia are Borrelia afzelii, B. garinii, B. burgdorferi and B. bavariensis. This is in contrast to the United States, where infections are exclusively caused by B. burgdorferi. Until to date the genome sequences of four B. afzelii strains, of which only two include the numerous plasmids, are available. In order to further assess the genetic diversity of B. afzelii, the most common species in Europe, responsible for the large variety of clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis, we have determined the full genome sequence of the B. afzelii strain K78, a clinical isolate from Austria. The K78 genome contains a linear chromosome (905,949 bp) and 13 plasmids (8 linear and 5 circular) together presenting 1,309 open reading frames of which 496 are located on plasmids. With the exception of lp28-8, all linear replicons in their full length including their telomeres have been sequenced. The comparison with the genomes of the four other B. afzelii strains, ACA-1, PKo, HLJ01 and Tom3107, as well as the one of B. burgdorferi strain B31, confirmed a high degree of conservation within the linear chromosome of B. afzelii, whereas plasmid encoded genes showed a much larger diversity. Since some plasmids present in B. burgdorferi are missing in the B. afzelii genomes, the corresponding virulence factors of B. burgdorferi are found in B. afzelii on other unrelated plasmids. In addition, we have identified a species specific region in the circular plasmid, cp26, which could be used for species determination. Different non-coding RNAs have been located on the B. afzelii K78 genome, which have not previously been annotated in any of the published Borrelia genomes.     

Complete Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium massiliense

Mycobacterium massiliense is a rapidly growing bacterium associated with opportunistic infections. The genome of a representative isolate (strain GO 06) recovered from wound samples from patients who underwent arthroscopic or laparoscopic surgery was sequenced. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first announcement of the complete genome sequence of an M. massiliense strain.     

社鼠（Niviventer confucianus）线粒体基因组全序列分析

社鼠（Niviventer confucianus）属于啮齿目（Rodentia）、鼠科（Muridae）、白腹鼠属（Niviventer）,关于该物种的分子系统学研究极少。为获取社鼠线粒体基因组全序列,提取其基因组总DNA,参照近缘物种线粒体基因组全序列设计34对特异性引物,利用PCR扩增全部片段后进行测序,之后对其基因组组成及结构特点进行了初步分析。结果表明,社鼠线粒体基因组全序列长16 281 bp（GenBank收录号：KJ152220）,包含22个tRNA基因、13个蛋白质编码基因、2个rRNA基因和1个非编码控制区;基因组核苷酸组成为34.0%A、28.6%T、24.9%C、12.5%G。将所得序列与社鼠近缘物种（川西白腹鼠、小家鼠、褐家鼠）的线粒体全基因组进行比较,结果显示,四个物种的线粒体基因组虽然在基因组大小、部分tRNA二级结构、部分蛋白质编码基因的起始或终止密码子及控制区长度和碱基组成上有差异,但基因组结构和序列特征方面都具有较高的相似性。四个物种线粒体全基因组间的遗传距离显示,社鼠与川西白腹鼠距离最近,而与小家鼠距离最远。该研究为利用线粒体全基因组信息进行啮齿类分子系统学研究提供了有价值的资料。     

WLL-1株博卡病毒(Bocavirus)全基因组序列分析

儿童下呼吸道感染已成为当前儿科发病率最高的一种疾病,而病毒是小儿下呼吸道感染的重要原因。临床上有相当比例的小儿下呼吸道感染病因未能作出明确的实验室诊断,给临床诊断与治疗带来了较大的困难。小儿下呼吸道感染可以由不同病毒引起,其中包括呼吸道合胞病毒、流感病毒、腺     

李氏大足蝗线粒体全基因组序列分析

采用长距PCR 扩增及保守引物步移法测定并注释了李氏大足蝗( Aeropus licenti Chang)的线粒体基因组全序列。结果表明,李氏大足蝗的线粒体基因组全长15 597 bp,A+T 含量为74.8%,37个基因位置与飞蝗的一致,基因间隔序列共计17处105 bp,间隔长度从1～21 bp不等;有10对基因间存在58 bp重叠,重叠碱基数在1～17 bp之间。13个蛋白质编码基因中找到4种可能的起始密码子;有12个基因在基因3'端找到完全的TAA或TAG 终止密码子,只有ND5基因终止密码子为不完整的T。除tRNA^Ser（AGN）外,其余21个tRNA基因的二级结构均属典型的三叶草结构。tRNA^Ser（AGN）的DHU臂缺失,在相应的位置上只形成一个环。预测的lrRNA二级结构总共有6个结构域（结构域Ⅲ缺失）,47个茎环结构;预测的srRNA的二级结构包含3个结构域,31个茎环结构。A+T 丰富区长度为712 bp。     

鲁桑叶绿体基因组序列及特征分析

鲁桑(Morus multicaulis)是亚洲地区栽培的重要经济作物。以鲁桑品种日本胡橙为实验材料, 利用高通量测序技术对鲁桑叶绿体基因组进行测序, 获得NCBI登录号(KU355297), 并研究鲁桑的叶绿体基因组结构。结合前人对蒙桑(M. mongolica)、印度桑(M. indica)和川桑(M. notabilis)的研究结果, 对鲁桑的系统进化关系进行了探讨。研究结果表明: 鲁桑叶绿体基因组是一个典型的四部分结构, 全长159 154 bp, 共注释130个基因, 包含85个蛋白质编码基因(18个基因在反向重复区重复)、37个转运RNA (tRNA)基因和8个核糖体RNA (rRNA)基因。生物信息学分析表明, 在鲁桑中共搜索到82个SSR位点, 单核苷酸、二核苷酸、三核苷酸、四核苷酸和五核苷酸重复基序个数分别为63、7、2、9和1个, 并没有发现六核苷酸; 其中单核苷酸重复在鲁桑的叶绿体基因组SSR中占76.8%。采用MEGA 6.0软件, 通过最大似然法和近邻结合法对包括4个桑属物种在内的15个物种的叶绿体基因组序列进行聚类分析, 2种方法得到的聚类结果均为鲁桑和蒙桑聚在一起。研究结果对叶绿体基因组工程研究及桑属种间的分子标记开发和优良品种培育具有一定的参考价值。     

北京鸭线粒体基因组全序列测定和分析

线粒体DNA作为遗传标记,已在家鸡(Gallus gallus)和家鹅(Anser anser)的研究中取得了重大进展,而对家鸭(Anas platyrhychos domesticus)的研究却很少.本研究参照近源物种线粒体基因组序列设计15对引物,通过PCR扩增、测序、拼接,获得北京鸭(A.platyrhychos)线粒体基因组全序列,初步分析其特点和各基因的定位.结果显示,北京鸭线粒体基因组全长16 604 bp,碱基组成为29.19%A、22.20%T、15.80%G、32.81%C,包含13个蛋白质编码基因、2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因和1个非编码控制区(D-loop),基因组成及排列顺序与其他鸟类相似.基于线粒体D-loop区全序列,用N-J法构建了7种雁形目鸟类系统进化树,结果表明,北京鸭与绿头鸭(A.platyrhychos)系统进化关系较近.     

科学家完成金小蜂基因组测序

<正>近日,美国罗切斯特大学生物学教授John H.Werren和贝勒医学院基因组测序中心的Stephen Richards领导完成了3种寄生性金小蜂(Nasonia vitripennis,N.giraulti和N.longicornis)的基因组测序。这一成果揭示     

霍乱弧菌噬菌体VP2基因组序列的测定与分析

测定并分析了霍乱弧菌噬菌体VP2基因组序列,为VP2生物学特性和功能研究提供分子遗传学基础。为此构建了VP2DNA随机文库,鸟枪法(shot-gun)测定其全基因组序列。测序结果用软件Phrad-Prap拼接成最小重叠群(contig),引物步移法测定contigs问的缝隙(gap)序列,拼接后获得VP2全基因组序列。利用生物信息学技术分析’VP2基因组,最后对VP2和相关噬菌体做DNA聚合酶(DNA pol)基因的进化树分析。结果：VP2属短尾噬菌体科,基因组全长39853bp,为环状双链DNA,G C含量为50．56％,较高于霍乱弧菌测序菌株N16961基因组G C含量;VP2的基因组有碱基使用偏性;预测和注释了45个开放读码框(ORF),分析了DNA复制基因、衣壳蛋白和DNA包装基因、侵染相关基因。DNA pol进化树比较结果,VP2与链球菌噬菌体Cp-1和芽孢杆菌噬菌体GA-1分为一群。根据对VP2基因组序列的测定和分析预测了VP2的ORF,并分析了其中的功能基因,推测VP2在进化关系上属于噬菌体phi29样噬菌体。     

新分离的副粘病毒Tianjin株的全基因组序列分析

副粘病毒Tianjin株是一株对普通棉耳狨猴具有高致病性,并可能与人类下呼吸道感染密切相关的毒株.为了明确其基因结构、变异特点及种系进化地位,采用RT PCR、测序和拼接,获得了副粘病毒Tianjin株全基因组序列,与GenBank登录的副粘病毒科7个属和尚未分类的28株病毒及7株仙台病毒代表株,进行同源性比较及系统进化分析.结果表明,副粘病Tianjin株属于副粘病毒科、副粘病毒亚科、呼吸道病毒属,与仙台病毒关系最近.基因组全长及组成规律与仙台病毒相似,只是L基因末尾A15240C变异而使L蛋白增加了一个谷氨酸残基.副粘病毒Tianjin株存在440个独特的核苷酸变异位点,导致110个氨基酸残基的改变,系统进化上构成独立的分支.副粘病毒Tianjin株在基因组序列、宿主亲嗜性和致病性等方面与已知仙台病毒存在较大的差异,可能代表仙台病毒的一个新基因型.     

Genome Sequence of Leuconostoc gelidum KCTC 3527, Isolated from Kimchi

Leuconostoc gelidum KCTC 3527 is found mainly in vegetables and plays an important role in vegetable fermentation, including that of Korean traditional kimchi. Here we announce the draft genome sequence of Leuconostoc gelidum KCTC 3527, isolated from Korean traditional kimchi, and describe major findings from its annotation.     

Complete Genome Sequence and Genome Analysis of Eggplant mottled dwarf virus‐Iranian Isolate

The full‐length nucleotide sequence of the Iranian isolate of Eggplant mottled dwarf virus (EMDV), a phytorhabdovirus, was determined using the random polymerase chain reaction method (rPCR) followed by PCR with specific primers to fill in the gaps. The negative‐sense RNA genome of the Iranian isolate of EMDV contains 13154 nucleotides and seven open‐reading frames (ORFs) in the order 3′‐leader‐N‐X‐P‐Y‐M‐G‐L‐trailer‐5′. These ORFs encode the nucleocapsid, X protein (of unknown function), phosphoprotein, Y protein (putative movement protein), matrix protein, glycoprotein and RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase, respectively. EMDV has a 199 nt 3′ leader RNA and a 151 nt 5′ trailer, and the ORFs are separated by conserved intergenic sequences. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that EMDV is most closely related to Potato yellow dwarf virus, which has a distinctly different geographical distribution.     

Complete Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma wenyonii Strain Massachusetts

Mycoplasma wenyonii is a hemotrophic mycoplasma that causes acute and chronic infections in cattle. Here, we announce the first complete genome sequence of this organism. The genome is a single circular chromosome with 650,228 bp and G+C% of 33.9. Analyses of M. wenyonii genome will provide insights into its biology.     

Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus plantarum JDM1

Lactobacillus plantarum is a lactic acid bacterium (LAB) species commonly used as a probiotic. We have sequenced the genome of Lactobacillus plantarum JDM1, which is a Chinese commercial LAB with several probiotic functions, using a GS 20 system. We recommend that each commercial probiotic strain should undergo complete genome sequencing to ensure safety and stability.Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a prominent role in the world food supply, performing the main bioconversions in fermented food, and are also used as probiotic supplements in dairy products and other foods. Lactobacillus plantarum is a LAB species commonly used as a probiotic. We have sequenced the genome of Lactobacillus plantarum JDM1, which is a widely used Chinese commercial LAB with several probiotic functions, using a GS 20 system (454 Life Science Corporation) (11). Two hundred thirty-six thousand, five hundred sixty-three high-quality reads were assembled with the 454 assembly tool, which had an average depth of 18.6-fold coverage of the genome and yielded 367 contigs. Among these, 225 large contigs represented 99.17% of the draft sequence. In the finishing process, the order of the selected large contigs was determined by BLAST analysis with the originally published genome sequence of strain WCFS1 (GenBank accession number {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AL935263","term_id":"342240345","term_text":"AL935263"}}AL935263) (8). Physical gaps were filled through sequencing of PCR products that spanned these regions using ABI 3730 xl DNA sequencers. Sequence assembly was accomplished by using the Phred/Phrap/Consed software package (4, 7). To ensure final accuracy, the errors in homopolymer sites that arose from the pyrosequencing method were solved via comparison with the corresponding sites on WCFS1 and then resequencing of the ambiguous bases using the ABI 3730 xl DNA sequencer.The complete genome of Lactobacillus plantarum JDM1 contains a single, circular chromosome of 3,197,759 bp and two plasmids (pLP2000 [2,062 bp] and pLP9000 [9,254 bp]). The two plasmids have been sequenced and published, with GenBank accession numbers {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AY096004","term_id":"20853777","term_text":"AY096004"}}AY096004 and {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AY096005","term_id":"20853804","term_text":"AY096005"}}AY096005 (3). The overall GC content of the chromosome is 44.66%, whereas the plasmids have a GC content slightly lower than that of the chromosome. The entire genome of JDM1 contains 2,948 protein-coding genes, 62 tRNA-encoding genes, and 16 rRNA-encoding genes. Several repeated sequences, designated ISP2, were found in the chromosome which were almost the same as those in WCSF1, identified as a class of transposase-encoding regions representing mobile genetic elements. The other repeated sequence, ISP1 of WCSF1, was absent in JDM1.The entire genomic sequence of L. plantarum JDM1 was a little shorter than that of L. plantarum WCSF1 (3.3 Mb). The two genomes were highly similar (>90% by BLASTN analysis) with respect to genome structure and gene order. Intraspecies diversity may be required for successful adaptation in a complex ecological habitat (2). L. plantarum JDM1 has been grown as a probiotic in rich nutritional medium for so long that the genome may have gradually contracted. As supporting evidence, many sugar transport and metabolism genes in WCFS1 were absent in JDM1.The prophage sequences and locations of JDM1 and WCFS1 are highly variable. L. plantarum JDM1 contains three prophage elements in its genome. R-Pg1, representing a short prophage remnant, is about 14 kb in size, which is similar to R-Lp3 in WCFS1. Pg2 and Pg3 are two ∼39-kb-long prophages that are closely related to Listeria phage B025 (accession no. {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"DQ003639","term_id":"66733223","term_text":"DQ003639"}}DQ003639) and the phage Pediococcus pentosaceus ATCC 25745 (accession no. {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"CP000422","term_id":"116101968","term_text":"CP000422"}}CP000422), respectively.The genomes of LAB evolve actively to adapt to nutritionally rich environments. Even for two strains of the same species, differences obviously exist. The degradation of the genome appears to be an ongoing process not only in all species of Lactobacillus (10) but also in different strains of the same species(2).With the development of better living conditions, the biosafety of food and medicine has received more attention. Lactobacillus bacteria have been supposed to have a “generally accepted as safe” status, but they still have been associated with negative reports (1, 6, 9). More about the functional mechanisms of JDM1 and potential side effects would be explored by complete genome sequencing and data mining. Furthermore, comparative genomics analysis could be carried out with Chinese and European strains. We believe the complete genome of each probiotic strain should be sequenced to ensure safety and stability. At the end of the day, we will get what we pay for in terms of microbial genome sequencing projects (5).     

Complete Genome Sequence of Clostridium clariflavum DSM 19732

Clostridium clariflavum is a Cluster III Clostridium within the family Clostridiaceae isolated from thermophilic anaerobic sludge (Shiratori et al, 2009). This species is of interest because of its similarity to the model cellulolytic organism Clostridium thermocellum and for the ability of environmental isolates to break down cellulose and hemicellulose. Here we describe features of the 4,897,678 bp long genome and its annotation, consisting of 4,131 protein-coding and 98 RNA genes, for the type strain DSM 19732.