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1.
The surface of the extremely thermophilic archaebacterium Methanothermus fervidus is covered by glycoprotein subunits. The carbohydrate moiety of the surface glycoprtein accounts for about 17 mol%. It is composed of mannose, 3-O-methylglucose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine. From cell extracts the corresponding surgar-1-phosphates and nucleotide activated derivatives of Man, Gal, GlcNAc and GalNAc were isolated. Furthermore UDP-and dolichyl activated oligosaccharides were obtained. On the basis of the isolated precursors a pathway for the biosynthesis of the oligosaccharide chains is proposed.Abbreviations DNP-Glu
N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-glutamic acid
- Dol
dolichol
- Gal
galactose
- Gal-1-P
galactose-1-phosphate
- GalNAc
N-acetylgalactosamine
- GalNAc-1-P
N-acetylgalactosamine-1-phosphate
- Glc
glucose
- GlcNAc
N-acetylglucosamine
- GlcNAc-1-P
N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate
- Man
mannose
- Man-1-P
mannose-1-phosphate
- 3-O-MeGlc
3-O-methylglucose
- P
phosphate
- TCA
trichloroacetic acid
- TLC
thin-layer chromatography
- Tris
tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethan 相似文献
2.
The bark of some young woody stems contains storage proteins which are subject to an annual rhythm: they accumulate in the autumn and are mobilized in the spring. We show here that the bark phoem-parenchyma cells of Sambucus nigra L. contain numerous protein bodies, and that the bark lectin (S. nigra agglutinin) which undergoes an annual rhythm is localized in these protein bodies. The protein bodies in the cotyledons of legume seeds also contain lectin, indicating that lectins may be storage compounds themselves or may have a function in storage and-or mobilization processes.Abbreviations PBS
phosphate-buffered saline
- IgG
immunoglobulin
- SNA
Sambucus nigra agglutinin 相似文献
3.
A lectin has been isolated from rhizomes of ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria) using a combination of affinity chromatography on erythrocyte membrane proteins immobilized on cross-linked agarose and hydroxyapatite, and ion-exchange chromatography. The molecular structure of the lectin was determined by gelfiltration, sucrose density-gradient centrifugation and gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. It has an unusually high Mr (about 480000) and is most probably an octamer composed of two distinct types of subunits with slightly different Mr (about 60000). Hapten inhibition assays indicated that the Aegopodium lectin is preferentially inhibited by N-acetylgalactosamine. Nevertheless, it does not agglutinate preferentially blood-group-A erythrocytes. The ground-elder lectin is a typical non-seed lectin, which occurs virtually exclusively in the underground rhizomes. In this organ it is an abundant protein as it represents up to 5% of the total protein content. The lectin content of the rhizome tissue varies strongly according to its particular location along the organ. In addition, the lectin content changes dramatically as a function of the seasons. The ground-elder lectin differs from all other plant lectins by its unusually high molecular weight. In addition, it is the first lectin to be isolated from a species of the family Apiaceae.Abbreviations APA
Aegopodium podagraria agglutinin
- PBS
phosphate-buffered saline
- SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 相似文献
4.
The structural requirements for the interaction of asparagine-linked oligosaccharide moieties of glycoproteins withErythrina variegata agglutinin (EVA) were investigated by means of affinity chromatography on an EVA-Sepharose column. Some of the branched poly-N-acetyllactosamine-type oligosaccharides obtained from human erythrocyte band 3 glycoprotein were found to show high affinity to EVA-Sepharose, whereas complex-type oligosaccharides were shown to have low affinity. Hybrid type, oligomannose-type and unbranched poly-N-acetyllactosamine-type oligosaccharides bound very little or not at all to EVA-Sepharose. To further study the carbohydrate-binding specificity of this lectin, we investigated the interaction of immobilized EVA and oligosaccharide fragments obtained through partial hydrolysis from branched poly-N-acetyllactosamine-type oligosaccharides. Branched poly-N-acetyllactosamine-type oligosaccharides were subjected to limited hydrolysis with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid at 100°C for 40 min and then separated on an amino-bonded silica column. One of pentasaccharides thus prepared strongly bound to the EVA-Sepharose column. Structural analysis of this pentasaccharide showed that the Gal1-4GlcNAc1-3(Gal1-4GlcNAc1-6)Gal sugar sequence, which is an l-antigen determinant, was essential for the high affinity binding of the oligosaccharides to the EVA-Sepharose column.Abbreviations EVA
Erythrina variegata agglutinin
- WGA
wheat germ agglutinin
- STA
potato lectin
- LEA
tomato lectin
- DSA
Datura stramonium agglutinin
- PBS
0.01 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.3, containing 0.15 M NaCl
- Galol
galactitol 相似文献
5.
Schistosoma mansoni synthesizes novel biantennary Asn-linked oligosaccharides containing terminal beta-linked N-acetylgalactosamine. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This report describes the structure of novel complex-type Asn-linked oligosaccharides in glycoproteins synthesized by the human blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni. Adult schistosome worm pairs (male and female) isolated from infected hamsters were metabolically radiolabelled with either [3H]glucosamine, [3H]mannose or [3H]galactose. The glycopeptides prepared by pronase digestion of the total glycoprotein fraction were isolated by affinity chromatography on columns of immobilized Concanavalin A (Con A) and Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA). A subset of glycopeptides, designated IIb, that bound to both Con A and WFA was isolated. WFA has been shown to have affinity for oligosaccharides containing beta 1,4-linked N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) at their non-reducing termini. Compositional analysis of IIb glycopeptides demonstrated that they contained N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), GalNAc, mannose (Man) and fucose (Fuc), but no galactose (Gal) or N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc). Methylation analyses and exoglycosidase digestions indicated that IIb glycopeptides were complex-type biantennary structures with branches containing the sequence GalNAc beta 1-4-[+/- Fuc alpha 1-3]GlcNAc beta 1-2Man alpha 1-R. The discovery of these unusual oligosaccharides synthesized by a human parasite, which appear to be similar to some newly discovered mammalian cell-derived oligosaccharides, may shed light on future studies related to the role oligosaccharides may play in host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
6.
We have expanded on the suitability ofp-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester as an ultraviolet-absorbing reagent [Wanget al., (1984) Anal Biochem 141:366–81] for the analysis of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides derived from glycoproteins. The oligosaccharides released from glycoproteins by hydrazinolysis/N-reacetylation were derivatized withp-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester and the derivatives were purified and separated into neutral and acidic oligosaccharides on a PRE-SEP C18 cartridge. The acidic oligosaccharides could be further separated into a few species by high-voltage paper electrophoresis.
p-Aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester derivatives of neutral oligosaccharides were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography on Bio-Gel P-4 and HPLC on a silica-based amide column. The elution profile and the proportion of the oligosaccharides were in agreement with literature values. The overall yield of oligosaccharides from glycoproteins was approximately 70%. Fifty pmol of oligosaccharide were detectable on Bio-Gel P-4 and 4–5 pmol on HPLC.Abbreviations HPLC
high performance liquid chromatography
- NABEE
p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester
- FAB-MS
fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry
- (GlcNAc)2, (GlcNAc)3, (GlcNAc)4, (GlcNAc)5 and (GlcNAc)6
chito-oligosaccharides containing 2,3,4,5 and 6 residues ofN-acetylglucosamine 相似文献
7.
Inka Brockhausen Arthur A Grey Henrianna Pang Harry Schachter Jeremy P Carver 《Glycoconjugate journal》1988,5(4):419-448
Sixteen asparagine-linked oligosaccharides ranging in size from (Man)2(GlcNAc)2 (Fuc)1 to (GlcNAc)6(Man)3(GlcNAc)2 were obtained from human 1-acid glycoprotein and fibrinogen, hen ovomucoid and ovalbumin, and bovine fetuin, fibrin and thyroglobulin by hydrazinolysis, mild acid hydrolysis and glycosidase treatment. The oligosaccharides hadN-acetylglucosamine at the reducing termini and mannose andN-acetylglucosamine residues at the non-reducing termini and were prepared for use asN-acetylglucosaminyltransferase substrates. Purification of the oligosaccharides involved gel filtration and high performance liquid chromatography on reverse phase and amine-bonded silica columns. Structures were determined by 360 MHz and 500 MHz proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry and methylation analysis. Several of these oligosaccharides have not previously been well characterized.Abbreviations bis
bisecting GlcNAc
- DMSO
dimethylsulfoxide
- FAB
fast atom bombardment
- Fuc
l-fucose
- Gal
d-galactose
- GLC
gas-liquid chromatography
- GlcNAc or Gn
N-acetyl-d-glucosamine
- HPLC
high performance liquid chromatography
- Man or M
d-mannose
- MES
2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonate
- MS
mass spectrometry
- NMR
nuclear magnetic resonance
- PIPES
piperazine-N,N-bis(2-ethane sulfonic acid)
the nomenclature of the oligosaccharides is shown in Table 1. 相似文献
8.
Isolation and partial characterization of the major sialoglycoprotein of human T-lymphoblastoid cells of a MOLT-4B cell line.
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A sialoglycoprotein with an approx. mol.wt. of 95000 was isolated from human lymphoblastoid cells of a MOLT-4B cell line, which was of human T-lymphocyte origin, by ion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography on a column of wheat-germ agglutinin-Sepharose and preparative slab-gel electrophoresis. The localization of this glycoprotein on the cell surface was indicated by surface labelling by the periodate/NaB3H4 and lactoperoxidase-catalysed iodination methods. Carbohydrate analyses of this glycoprotein revealed that its total carbohydrate content is 28% (w/w), and it contains fucose, galactose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine and sialic acid in molar proportions 1.0:4.0:3.7:3.5:1.2:2.5, suggesting that it has two types of sugar chain, i.e. sugar chains like those of serum glycoproteins and sugar chains of the type found in mucins. Actually, alkaline borohydride treatment of this glycoprotein yielded tri- and tetra-saccharide, the latter containing 1 molecule of fucose in addition to each molecule of galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine and sialic acid. This glycoprotein bound to Ricinus communis agglutinin and concanavalin A as well as to wheat-germ agglutinin. 相似文献
9.
Summary Fluorescein or rhodamine conjugates of seventeen different lectins were tested for their ability to label the plasma membrane of live plant protoplasts. During the investigation, a strong effect of calcium was observed on the binding of several lectins to protoplasts derived from suspension cultured rose cells (Rosa sp. Paul's Scarlet). The binding of these lectins was increased by elevating the calcium concentration from 1 to 10 mM in the buffer. Other divalent cations had variable, but similar, effects on lectin binding. The mechanism of this effect appeared to involve the protoplast surface rather than the lectins. Although the cell wall-degrading enzymes used to isolate protoplasts had generally no effect on lectin binding, one clear exception was observed. Binding ofArachis hypogaea agglutinin was markedly reduced on protoplasts isolated with Driselase as compared to protoplasts isolated with a combination of Cellulysin and Pectolyase Y-23. Although most of the lectins that labeled protoplasts derived from cultured rose cells or from corn root cortex (Zea mays L. WF9 × Mo17) had specificities for galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine, some differences in protoplast labeling between lectins of the same saccharide specificity were observed. Two different analyses of the interaction betweenRicinus communis agglutinin and rose protoplasts showed that binding was cooperative with an apparent association constant of 7.2 × 105M–1 or 9.8 × 105M–1 with a maximum of approximately 108 lectin molecules bound per protoplast. Treatment of protoplasts with glycosidases which hydrolyze either N- or O-glycosidic linkages of glycoproteins slightly enhanced labeling of protoplasts byRicinus communis agglutinin. Interpretation of these results are discussed.Abbreviations MPR
medium, minimal organic medium (Nothnagel andLyon 1986)
- APA
Abrus precatorius agglutinin
- CSA
Cytisus sessilifolius agglutinin
- ECA
Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin
- GS-I
Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin
- LcH
Lens culinarus agglutinin
- PNA
Arachis hypogaea agglutinin
- SBA
Glycine max agglutinin
- VAA
Viscum album agglutinin
- VFA
Vicia faba agglutinin
- WGA
Triticum vulgaris agglutinin
- Con A
Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin
- HPA
Helix pomatia agglutinin
- TPA
Tetragonolobus purpureas agglutinin
- RCA
Ricinus communis agglutinin
- DBA
Dolichos biflorus agglutinin
- SJA
Sophora japonica agglutinin
- BPA
Bauhinia purpurea agglutinin
- FITC
fluorescein isothiocyanate
- Ga1NAc
N-acetylgalactosamine
- FDA
fluorescein diacetate
- 2-O-Me-D-Fuc
2-O-methyl-D-fucose
Parts of the work presented here are also submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the Ph.D. degree. 相似文献
10.
Sarkar M.A. Kawsar Tomoharu Takeuchi Ken-ichi Kasai Yuki Fujii Ryo Matsumoto Hidetaro Yasumitsu Yasuhiro Ozeki 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology》2009,152(4):382-389
A lectin recognizing D-galactose was purified from the pacific annelid Perinereis nuntia ver. vallata (Polychaeta) by affinity chromatography. Hemagglutinating activity, with a very low titer suggesting the presence of lectin appeared in the supernatant from the homogenization of body with Tris-buffered saline. However, dialyzed supernatant from the precipitate homogenized by galactose in the buffer revealed strong hemagglutinating activity against human erythrocytes. The crude supernatant was applied onto lactosyl–agarose column, and only the supernatant eluted from precipitate with galactose was obtained a galactose-binding lectin with 32 kDa polypeptide was obtained from the supernatant of the precipitate, extracted in presence of galactose. It suggests that the lectin tightly binds with glycoconjugate as endogenous ligand(s) in the tissue. Hemagglutinating activity against trypsinized and glutaraldehyde-fixed human erythrocytes was specifically inhibited by D-galactose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, lactose, melibiose, and asialofetuin. Glycan-binding profile of the lectin analyzed by frontal affinity chromatography shows that the lectin recognizes branched complex type N-linked oligosaccharides and both type 1 (Galβ1-3GlcNAc) and type 2 (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) lactosamine. The surface plasmon resonance study of the lectin against asialofetuin showed the kass and kdiss values are 5.14 × 104 M− 1 s− 1 and 2.9 × 10−3 s− 1, respectively. The partial primary structure of the lectin reveals 182 amino acids with novel sequence. 相似文献
11.
Summary In the present study lectin-binding sites were investigated for the lectins Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA I), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), soya bean agglutinin (SBA), concanavalin A (Con A), Lotus tetragonolobus(LTA) and Limulus polyphemus agglutinin (LPA) during the initial stages of vasculogenesis of the CNS-anlage in 10 to 12-day-old NMRI mouse embryos. Specific binding sites for the lectins RCA I (sugar specificity: -D-galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine), WGA (sugar specificity: N-acetylglucosamine, sialic acid), and SBA (sugar specificity: N-acetylgalactosamine, -D-galactose) were detected in the newly formed capillaries within the neuroepithelial cell layer. In contrast, binding sites for Con A, LTA and LPA could not be observed at the start of the vascularization of the CNS-anlage. From these results, the conclusion can be drawn that glycoconjugates containing D-galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine moieties are involved in the early vasculogenesis of the embryonic CNS-anlage of the mouse. 相似文献
12.
It has previously been shown in our laboratory that wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) binds to Trichoderma viride and inhibits growth of this fungus. Here we report on the effect of WGA, soybean agglutinin (SBA) and peanut agglutinin (PNA) on Penicillia and Aspergilli. Binding of the lectins to the fungi was examined with the aid of their fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated derivatives. FITC-WGA bound to young hyphal walls of all species, in particular to the hyphal tips and septa, in agreement with the chitinous composition of the cell walls of the two genera. Hyphae of all species examined were labelled, though in different patterns, by FITC-SBA and FITC-PNA, suggesting the presence of galactose residues on their surfaces. Young conidiophores, metulae (of the Penicillia), vesicles (of the Aspergilli), sterigmata and young spores, were also labelled. The three lectins inhibited incorporation of [3H]acetate, N-acetyl-D-[3H]glucosamine and D-[14C]galactose into young hyphae of Aspergillus ochraceus, indicating interference with fungal growth. Inhibition of spore germination by the three lectins was also observed. Preincubation of the lectins with their specific saccharide inhibitors prevented binding and the inhibitory effects. We conclude that lectins are useful tools for the study of fungal cell surfaces, and may also serve as an important aid in fungal classification. The present findings also support the suggestion that one role of lectins in plants is protection against fungal pathogens.Abbreviations Con A
concanavalin A
- PNA
peanut agglutinin
- SBA
soybean agglutinin
- WGA
wheat germ agglutinin
- FITC
fluorescein isothiocyanate
- GlcNAc
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
- GalNAc
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 相似文献
13.
John T. Dulaney 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1978,21(1):43-63
Summary Since plant lectins were used to help define differences between normal and transformed cell surfaces (reviewed in References1–4), they have been employed in many other situations where their sugar-recognition specificities could be used to advantage. One of these applications has been the purification and characterization of enzymes and other proteins; this work is reviewed here in order to define some of the variables that affect binding of glycoproteins to lectins, as well as to demonstrate how this technique has been profitably exploited for isolation of purified glycoproteins, and for their better understanding.Abbreviations ConA
concanavalin A
- WGA
wheat germ agglutinin
- RCA60 (RCAII, mol. wt. 60,000) and RCA120 (RCA, mol. wt. 120,000)
Ricinus communis agglutinin
- LCA
Lens culinaris agglutinin
- LTA
Lotos tetragonolobus agglutinin
- SBA
soybean agglutinin
- PNA
peanut agglutinin
- Me--Glc
methyl--glucoside
- Me--Man
methyl--mannoside
- Gal
galactose
- GlcNac
N-acetylglucosamine 相似文献
14.
The in-vivo formation of a specific nonasaccharide of xyloglucan was investigated. This nonasaccharide has been reported to have biological activity, inhibiting auxin-induced growth in pea stem segments. Cell-suspension cultures of spinach were grown in the presence of [3H]arabinose and [3H]fucose, and the culture-filtrates were examined for oligosaccharides by gelpermeation chromatography and by paper chromatography. Sixteen [3H]pentose-containing oligosaccharides were found, including twelve that contained the sequence [3H]xylosyl-(16)-glucose, which is diagnostic of xyloglucan. In addition, [3H]fucose-containing oligosaccharides of at least three sizes were found. Radiochemical evidence is presented that one of these oligosaccharides was labelled with both [3H]fucose and with [3H]pentose, and was identical with the major xyloglucan-derived nonasaccharide associated with anti-auxin activity. It was largely present in the form of acylated (possibly acetylated) derivatives. It accumulated extracellularly to a steady-state concentration of about 4.3·10-7M. This is the first report of the production of a biologically-active oligosaccharide by living plant cells.Abbreviations BAB
butanone/acetic acid/H3BO3-saturated water (9:1:1)
- BAW
butan-1-ol/acetic acid/water (12:3:5)
- BPW
butan-1-ol/pyridine/water/(4:3:4)
- DP
degree of polymerisation
- FAW
ethyl acetate/acetic acid/water (10:5:6)
- EPW
ethyl acetate/pyridine/water (8:2:1)
-
k
av
elution volume relative to Blue Dextran (k
av.=0.0) and glucose (k
av.=1.0)
- XG7
XG9 minus the fucose and galactose residues
- XG9
the particular xyloglucan nonasaccharide illustrated in Fig. 1
- W
water-saturated phenol 相似文献
15.
Summary
Geosiphon pyriforme represents a photoautotrophic endosymbiosis of aGlomus-like fungus with the cyanobacteriumNostoc punctiforme. The fungus forms unicellular bladders of up to 2 mm in length and 0.5 mm in diameter growing on the soil surface and harboring the endosymbioticNostoc filaments. The cyanobacteria are located in a compartment (the symbiosome) bordered by a host membrane. The space between this symbiosome membrane (SM) and theNostoc cell wall is filled with an about 30–40 nm thick layer of amorphous material, which is present also in the regions of the symbiosome where noNostoc filaments are located. At these sites the amorphous material consists of a 20–30 nm thick layer separating the SM. The region between the SM and the cyanobacterium is defined as symbiosome space (SS). Fungal bladders, hyphae and free livingNostoc were analyzed by affinity techniques as well as the material occurring in the SS. FITC-coupled lectins with sugar specificity to -D-mannosyl/-D-glucosyl (Con A), N-acetyl--D-glucosamine oligomers (WGA), -L-fucosyl (UEA-I), -D-galactosyl (RCA-120), -D-galactosyl (BS-I-B4), N-acetyl--D-galactosamine (HPA), and sialic acid (EBL) residues were tested. WGA binding and calcofluor white staining demonstrated that the bladder wall as well as the SS contain fibrillar chitin. Of the other lectins only Con A clearly labeled the symbiosome. On the contrary, the lectin binding properties of the slime produced by free livingNostoc-colonies indicate the presence of mannose, fucose, GalNAc, sialic acid, and galactose, while chitin or GlucNAc-oligomers could not be detected. The symbiosome was also investigated electron microscopically. WGA-gold binding confirmed the presence of chitin, while a slight PATAg reaction indicated some polysaccharidic molecules within the SS. Our results show that the amorphous material within the SS contains molecules typical of the fungal cell wall and suggest that the SM is related to the fungal plasma membrane. The applied lectins all bind to the hyphal surface, indicating a high molecular complexity. Mannosyl, -galactosyl, and sialic acid residues are strongly exposed at the outer cell wall layer, whereas GlucNAc, GalNAc, and -galactosyl residues seem to be present in smaller amounts. The symbiotic interface established between the fungus andNostoc inGeosiphon shows many similarities to that occurring between fungi and root cells in arbuscular mycorrhizas.Abbreviations AM
arbuscular mycorrhiza
- BS-I-B4
Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin I isolectin B4
- CLSM
confocal laser scanning microscopy
- Con A
Concanavalin A
- EBL
elderberry bark lectin I
- FITC
fluorescein isothiocyanate
- HPA
Helix pomatia agglutinin
- PATAg
periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-Ag proteinate
- SM
symbiosome membrane
- SS
symbiosome space
- RCA-120
Ricinus communis agglutinin 120
- UEA-I
Ulex europaeus agglutinin I
- WGA
wheat germ agglutinin
Dedicated to Professor Dr. Peter Sitte at the occasion of his 65th birthday 相似文献
16.
M. Gaudet V. Jorge I. Paolucci I. Beritognolo G. Scarascia Mugnozza M. Sabatti 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2008,4(1):25-36
Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) is a tree of ecological and economic interest. A better knowledge of P. nigra genome is needed for an effective protection and use of its genetic resources. The main objective of this study is the construction
of a highly informative genetic map of P. nigra species including genes of adaptive and economic interest. Two genotypes originated from contrasted natural Italian populations
were crossed to generate a F1 mapping pedigree of 165 individuals. Amplification fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), simple sequence repeat (SSR), and
single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to genotype 92 F1 individuals, and the pseudo-test-cross strategy was applied for linkage analysis. The female parent map included 368 markers
(274 AFLPs, 91 SSRs, and 3 SNPs) and spanned 2,104 cM with 20 linkage groups, and the male parent map, including 317 markers
(205 AFLPs, 106 SSRs, 5 SNPs, and sex trait), spanned 2,453 cM with 23 main linkage groups. The sex, as morphological trait,
was mapped on the linkage group XIX of the male parent map. The generated maps are among the most informative in SSRs when
compared to the Populus maps published so far and allow a complete alignment with the 19 haploid chromosomes of Populus sequence genome. These genetic maps provide informative tools for a better understanding of P. nigra genome structure and genetic improvement of this ecologically and economically important European tree species.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
17.
Lectins that interact with mannose (concanavalin A), galactose (ricin, abrin), or N-acetylglucosamine (wheat germ agglutinin) block 125I-labeled EGF binding to the surface of cultured human fibroblasts at 37° or 5°. Lectins specific for fucose or N-acetylgalactosamine, soybean agglutinin or gorse lectin, respectively, do not interfere with growth factor binding. The inhibition of 125I-labeled EGF binding by concanavalin A at 37° or 5° could be reversed rapidly by the addition of α-methyl mannoside. The results suggest that the fibroblast membrane receptor for EGF is, or is closely associated with, a glycoprotein or glycolipid that contains mannose, galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. 相似文献
18.
Factors affecting Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation in several black poplar clones 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
M. Confalonieri A. Balestrazzi S. Bisoffi R. Cella 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1995,43(3):215-222
Transient expression of the uidA reporter gene was used in preliminary experiments with two oncogenic and two disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains in order to test the efficiency of T-DNA transfer to N084 x Populus nigra and N107 x P. nigra clones. The oncogenic strain A281 pKIWI105 produced the highest average number of GUS spots per leaf disc. In order to optimize the production of transgenic plantlets from different P. nigra clones (San Giorgio, Jean Pourtet, N084 x P. nigra and N107 x P. nigra, respectively), two A. tumefaciens strains (GV2260 p35S GUS, A281pKIWI105) and bacterial concentrations (7×108; 1.2×09 bacteria ml-1) were used. Following co-cultivation with A281 pKIWI105, the frequency of leaf discs producing kanamycin-resistant calli was not significantly different between the clones and bacteria concentrations used. Transformed shoots were regenerated from all clones, except for Jean Pourtet. Co-cultivation of leaf discs with GV2260 p35S GUS produced very few calli which died when transferred to selective regeneration medium. In addition, the effects of acetosyringone and leaf wounding were evaluated for the San Giorgio and Jean Pourtet clones, using the same strains. Factors which significantly affected the transformation efficiency of leaf explants were the P. nigra clone, the A. tumefaciens strain, and the presence of acetosyringone. Genetic transformation of calli and regenerated plantlets was confirmed by their ability to grow and root on Woody Plant Medium containing kanamycin, by histochemical -glucuronidase assays, and Southern blot hybridization analyses.Abbreviations BA
benzyladenine
- GUS
-glucuronidase
- IBA
indolebutyric acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
-
nptII
neomycin phosphotransferase II gene
-
uidA
-glucuronidase gene
- WPM
Woody Plant Medium 相似文献
19.
Antonio Box Salud Deudero Antoni Sureda Andreu Blanco Josep Als Jorge Terrados Antoni Maria Grau Francisco Riera 《Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology》2009,380(1-2):11-19
Marine invasions are a worldwide problem that involves changes in communities and the acclimation of organisms to them. The invasive Chlorophyte Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea is widespread in the Mediterranean and colonises large areas from 0 to 70 m in depth. The omnivorous fish Spondyliosoma cantharus presents a high frequency of occurrence of C. racemosa in the stomach contents at invaded areas (76.3%) while no presence of C. racemosa was detected in control areas. The isotopic composition of muscle differed significantly between invaded and non-invaded sites for δ13C (− 16.67‰ ± 0.09 and − 17.67‰ ± 0.08, respectively), δ15N (10.22‰ ± 0.22 and 9.32‰ ± 0.18, respectively) and the C:N ratio (2.01 ± 0.0002 and 1.96 ± 0.009, respectively). Despite the high frequency of occurrence of C. racemosa in the stomach contents of S. cantharus and its important contribution to the δ13C source (20.7% ± 16.2), the contribution of C. racemosa to the δ15N in S. cantharus food sources was very low (6.6% ± 5.8). Other invertebrate prey such as decapods and polychaetes were more important contributors to the δ15N source at both invaded and non-invaded sites. Activation of enzymatic pathways (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-s-tranferase, 7-ethoxy resorufin O-de-ethylase) but not a significant increase in lipid peroxidation MDA (0.49 ± 0.01 nmol/mg prot at non-invaded and 0.53 ± 0.01 nmol/mg prot at invaded sites) was observed in S. cantharus individuals living in C. racemosa-invaded sites compared with control specimens. The low δ15N contribution values of C. racemosa by S. cantharus together with the toxicity demonstrated by the activation of the antioxidant defences and the important contribution of invertebrate prey to the δ15N could mean that the ingestion of C. racemosa by S. cantharus might be unintentional during the predation of invertebrate preys living underneath the entanglement of the C. racemosa fronds and stolons mats. 相似文献
20.
Henri Debray Danuta Dus Jean-Michel Wieruszeski Gérard Strecker Jean Montreuil 《Glycoconjugate journal》1991,8(1):29-37
Four bi-antennary glycan fractions of theN-acetyllactosamine-type, derived from a Lewis lung carcinoma (LL2) cell subline resistant to theAleuria aurantia agglutinin were studied by 400 MHz1H-NMR spectroscopy. By this method, their antennae were found to be terminated either by (2-3 or 6)-linkedN-acetylneuraminic acid or (1-3)-linked galactose residues. The primary structure of glycans of these four glycopeptide or derived oligosaccharide-alditols has been determined in full detail.Abbreviations NAc
N-acetyl group
- NGc
N-glycolyl group
- GlcNAc
N-acetylglucosamine
- NeuAc
N-acetylneuraminic acid
- NeuGc
N-glycolylneuraminic acid
- Man
mannose
- Gal
galactose
- Fuc
fucose
- Con A
concanavalin A
- LCA
Lens culinaris agglutinin
- AAA
Aleuria aurantia agglutinin
- WGA
Wheat germ agglutinin
- RCA II
Ricinus communis agglutinin II
- PBS
phosphate buffered saline, 0.01m Na2HPO4/0.14m NaCl, pH 7.2
- HPLC
high performance liquid chromatography
- EMEM
Eagle's Minimal Essential Medium
- LecR
lectin resistant
- MG
-methylglycoside 相似文献