三倍体毛白杨组织脱分化培养与植株体再生

采用毛白杨三倍体幼叶作为外植体进行组织培养,以MS为基本培养基获得了再生植株。从NAA和IAA与6-BA间进行的18个正交试验中,选择出适宜脱分化培养基MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L,对三倍体毛白杨愈伤组织诱导率为87.6%。5种生长素与6-BA配比的再分化培养基中,12MS+IAA 0.1mg/L+6-BA 0.1mg/L对不定芽的分化诱导率可达到68.5%;MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.01mg/L的培养基可使单芽直接增殖出7.4个芽。在MS+IBA 1.0mg/L的生根培养基上,试管苗的生根率可达85.7%。     

玉竹的组织培养与快速繁殖

以玉竹[Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce]根状茎、叶片和茎段为外植体,于附加不同激素配比的MS培养基中诱导愈伤组织、不定芽和不定根,探讨增殖培养和植株再生的条件.结果表明,叶片和茎段外植体诱导愈伤组织和芽的分化率很低;而根状茎外植体易于培养,有较高的诱导率和增殖倍数,其愈伤组织、不定芽和不定根的诱导率分别可达87%、90%和99%以上.适宜根状茎外植体愈伤组织诱导的培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA,有利于增殖和丛生芽分化的培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L IBA和MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA,而1/2MS+3.0～5.0 mg/L NAA适宜诱导试管苗生根培养.试管苗的移栽成活率可达85%以上.     

美蕉的组织培养 (简报)

以美蕉吸芽苗的生长点为外植体,在MS 6-BA 4mg/L NAA 0.5mg/L培养基上诱导产生不定芽的效果最好;在MS 6-BA 3~4mg/L NAA 0.5mg/L分化培养基上分化率达2~3倍;在1/2MS NAA 1mg/L KT 0.1mg/L生根培养基中生根率达100%。     

甜菜叶柄高效直接再生体系的建立

通过预试验,从4中不同基因型甜菜中选取KWS-9103作为试验材料,建立其叶柄高效直接再生体系。通过种植无菌苗、预培养、诱导分化培养,获得了再生植株,建立了甜菜快速繁殖体系。结果表明,甜菜种子经过消毒处理后培养,取幼苗在MS附加6-BA 0.5 mg/L和NAA 0.05 mg/L的培养基中预培养,再取叶柄作为外植体转入诱导培养基MS附加6-BA0.5 mg/L和NAA0.05 mg/L中诱导不定芽,不定芽诱导率为50%以上。在MS附加IBA2.0 mg/L生根培养基中生根,诱导生根率在90?以上,移栽成活率高达95%。     

不同激素组合对丝瓜离体快速繁殖的调控

利用不同激素组合对丝瓜愈伤组织诱导、芽的分化及试管苗快速繁殖进行了研究.结果发现不同外植体均易诱导愈伤组织,但愈伤组织分化芽较难,而外植体在一些激素组合中可直接形成不定芽;利用无菌苗的顶芽及腋芽,培养于附加6 BA1mg L+NAA0.5mg L或NAA1mg L的MS培养基上,获得了芽的快速增殖,形成芽簇,每丛芽数达6～8苗;试管苗于1 2MS+NAA0.5mg L生根培养基中6d生根率达到100%,获得完整再生植株.结果表明采用不同激素组合对丝瓜体细胞形态发生与发育的调控有决定性作用.     

结球甘蓝自交不亲和系组织快繁体系研究

对结球甘蓝自交不亲和系进行快繁,以探讨不同外植体、激素配比及浓度、定植方式等因素对结球甘蓝不定芽、不定根发生能力等的影响.结果表明:当激素浓度组合为5 mg/L 6-BA+0.25 mg/L NAA时不定芽分化率最高,腋芽和下胚轴分别为87.5%和85%;当组合为2 mg/L 6-BA+0.01 mg/L NAA和3 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA时最易诱导产生不定芽,增殖系数达到4以上;适合生根培养基为2/3 MS+0.1 mg/L IBA+0.1 mg/L NAA,平均每株生根数是7～8条,生根率80.3%.移栽到穴盘的试管苗成活率高达100%,生长健壮;直接栽在大田的成活率为84.7%,长势较差.起始培养时腋芽比种子增殖速度快,后期增殖及生长二者无显著差异.     

徐长卿子叶组织培养及再生体系的建立

以徐长卿子叶为材料,进行愈伤组织诱导、愈伤组织和不定芽分化、试管苗生根、移栽及移植等研究。结果表明,MS+6-BA 0.3 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+2,4-D 0.4 mg/L是子叶愈伤组织诱导和继代培养的理想培养基;MS+6-BA 0.8 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L是愈伤组织分化培养的理想培养基;MS+6-BA 0.6 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L是不定芽分化继代培养的理想培养基;炉灰渣是试管苗移栽的理想基质,移栽成活率可达97%。试管苗移植后长势旺盛,根系发达,当年开花。根据本试验结果可建立徐长卿子叶诱导再生体系。     

中国传统菊花品种‘小林静’再生及转化体系的建立

以中国传统菊花品种‘小林静’叶片为外植体,建立了‘小林静’较好的再生体系及遗传转化体系.结果表明,‘小林静’叶盘最适不定芽分化培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+1.5 mg/L NAA,不定芽分化率为92.76％,平均再生不定芽数为2.3767个;试管苗最佳生根培养基为1/2MS,生根率达100％.移栽采用灭菌的蛭石,再生苗移栽成活率达90％以上.采用根癌农杆菌C58C1介导的叶盘转化法进行‘小林静’的遗传转化试验,农杆菌OD600=0.5-0.6,侵染10 min后,将叶片外植体接种到MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+1.5mg/L NAA的培养基中黑暗共培养2d,之后转接到附加10 mg/L硫酸卡那霉素和400 mg/L羧苄青霉素的分化筛选培养基中进行转化细胞的筛选,待长出抗性芽后转接至生根培养基中进行培养,最终建立了菊花品种‘小林静’的遗传转化体系.     

墨兰的无菌播种和植株再生

墨兰的无菌播种结果发现,在不添加细胞分裂素的培养基上,种子可以发芽,但只有原球茎和根状茎产生;不可能进一步分化成苗,只有在含有不同激素成分的MS或KnudsonC培养基上,才有可能诱导芽的分化,其中以附加6-BA 0.5-1.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L诱导效果最佳,在附加6-BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 0.4mg/L的MS培养基中,能加速芽的增殖,根状茎转入含有相同激素成分的液体增殖培养基中振荡培养,可大大提高芽的分化速率。添加0.5%活性炭对芽的分化有明显增效作用。在附加NAA 0.2mg/L的MS培养基中;幼苗的生根效果最佳。     

不同植物生长调节剂对铁皮石斛(Dendrobium candidum)再生的影响

本实验以铁皮石斛无菌苗茎段为外植体,通过添加不同浓度的植物生长调节剂,诱导铁皮石斛愈伤组织形成与分化,建立铁皮石斛组织培养再生体系。结果表明,外植体接种5 d后,在改良MS培养基上添加2 mg/L PBU和0.05 mg/L IAA,可达到100%的愈伤诱导率。将愈伤组织接种在MS培养基上,添加0.1 mg/L NAA和0.5 mg/L 6-BA,不定芽诱导率为90.8%。适合铁皮石斛芽增殖培养基为:MS+7 g/L琼脂+30 g/L蔗糖+100 mg/L Vc+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA。PBU浓度为0.5 mg/L,NAA浓度为0.05 mg/L时,芽苗生长情况良好,最适合用于不定芽伸长。铁皮石斛最适生根的培养基为:MS+7 g/L琼脂+30 g/L蔗糖+100 mg/L Vc+0.5 mg/L IBA,生根率可高达94.1%。本研究成功建立了铁皮石斛高效再生体系。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism